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FIGURE 3 in Two new Neotropical taxa of Radula Dumort. (Marchantiophyta: Radulaceae) with bordered leaves

FIGURE 3. Localization map of Radula pallens var. marginata (dot) and R. smithii (square). Map made by T. T. G. TakashimaOliveira.

FIGURE 1. Radula pallens var. marginata. A, K. Habit with gynoecia, ventral view. B in Two new Neotropical taxa of Radula Dumort. (Marchantiophyta: Radulaceae) with bordered leaves

FIGURE 1. Radula pallens var. marginata. A, K. Habit with gynoecia, ventral view. B. Cross section of a leaf lobe, showing thick-walled cells at leaf margin. C. Marginal leaf cells. D, H. Cladographs of plants (U = gynoecia without perianths). E–F. Median leaf cells. G. Basal leaf cells. I. Cross section of a stem. J. Leaves in dorsal view (A, K= 1000 µm; B, I= 50 µm; C, E–G= 25 µm; H= 500 µm; A–K from the holotype). Drawing made by F. R. Oliveira-da-Silva and A. L. Ilkiu-Borges.

FIGURE 2. A–C. Radula pallens var. marginata. A. Habit, ventral view. B in Two new Neotropical taxa of Radula Dumort. (Marchantiophyta: Radulaceae) with bordered leaves

FIGURE 2. A–C. Radula pallens var. marginata. A. Habit, ventral view. B. Leaf lobe margin showing the border composed by thickwalled cells with large, bulging trigones. C. Cross section of stem. D–F. Radula smithii. D. Habit, ventral view. E. Leaf lobe margin showing the border composed of 3–4 rows of thick-walled, subquadrate to subrectangular or rounded cells. F. Cross section of stem (A, D= 1000µm; B–C= 50 µm; E= 200 µm; F= 100 µm; A–F from the holotype). Photograph taken by F. R. Oliveira-da-Silva.

FIGURE 5. A–B in Two new Neotropical taxa of Radula Dumort. (Marchantiophyta: Radulaceae) with bordered leaves

FIGURE 5. A–B. Scanning electron microscopy of the leaf lobe of Radula smithii, showing the difference between the border and the rest of the leaf lobe cells (A-B= 20 µm; A-B from the holotype). Photograph taken by H. T. Costi.

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Fig. 3. Nettorhamphos radula, WAM P.25805-004 in A New Genus and Species of Clingfish (Teleostei: Gobiesocidae) from Western Australia

Fig. 3. Nettorhamphos radula, WAM P.25805-004, paratype, 20.3 mm SL. Line drawing of head in dorsal, lateral, and ventral view showing position of cephalic lateral line canal pores. Abbreviations: AN, anterior nostril; FL, fleshy lobe; LC, lacrimal canal pores; MC, mandibular canal pores; NC, nasal canal pores; PN, posterior nostril; PO, postorbital canal pores; PR, preopercular canal pores.

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Fig. 2. Nettorhamphos radula, WAM P.25805-004 in A New Genus and Species of Clingfish (Teleostei: Gobiesocidae) from Western Australia

Fig. 2. Nettorhamphos radula, WAM P.25805-004, paratype, 20.3 mm SL, Indian Ocean, Western Australia.

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Fig. 1. Nettorhamphos radula, WAM P.26052-004 in A New Genus and Species of Clingfish (Teleostei: Gobiesocidae) from Western Australia

Fig. 1. Nettorhamphos radula, WAM P.26052-004, holotype, 40.2 mm SL, Indian Ocean, Western Australia.

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FIGURE 23. A, B. Cordieria radula Monterosato, 1884 in Catalogue of the primary types of marine molluscan taxa described by Tommaso Allery Di Maria, Marquis of Monterosato, deposited in the Museo Civico di Zoologia, Roma

FIGURE 23. A, B. Cordieria radula Monterosato, 1884, lectotype, Palermo (Sicily), H. 15.1 mm, with original labels (MCZR–M–16476); C, D. Marginella caelata Monterosato, 1877, paralectotype, Algiers (Algeria), H. 4.55 mm, with original labels (MCZR–M–17216); E, F. Marginella philippi Monterosato, 1878, Palermo (Sicily), H. 3 mm, with original labels (MCZR–M–17193); G, H. Gibberula recondita Monterosato, 1884, paralectotype, Palermo (Sicily), H. 4.5 mm, with original labels (MCZR–M–17181); I, J. Gibberula secreta Monterosato, 1889, lectotype, Casablanca (Morocco), H. 5.6 mm, with original labels (MCZR–M–17186); K, L. Volvarina ampelusica Monterosato, 1906, paralectotype, Mogador (Morocco), H. 11.4 mm, with original labels (MCZR–M–17159); M, N. Marginella occulta Monterosato, 1869, paralectotype, Palermo (Sicily), H. 2.4 mm with original labels (MCZR–M–17212); O, P. Gibberulina ovulina Monterosato, 1891, lectotype, fossil of Ficarazzi (Sicily), H. 3.4 mm, with original label (MCZR–M–17197).

Fig. 13 in Interactive 3D anatomy and affinities of the Hyalogyrinidae, basal Heterobranchia (Gastropoda) with a rhipidoglossate radula

Fig. 13 Hyalogyrina depressa, nervous system and sensory organs. a, b Reconstruction of anatomy of nervous system; (a) left side view, (b) posterior view: dotted line indicates posterior part of visceral loop which could not be reconstructed (arrowhead: left zygoneurosis). c, d Histological details of sensory organs (semithin cross sections); (c) statocyst (arrowhead: statocone), (d) left cephalic tentacle and osphradium (arrowheads: tentacle nerves). Labels: B/B' = right/left buccal ganglion, bs = blood sinus, C/C' = right/left cerebral ganglion, CPl' = left cerebropleural ganglion, ct' = left cephalic tentacle, mc = mantle cavity, O = osphradial ganglion, os = osphradial epithelium,

Fig. 6 in Interactive 3D anatomy and affinities of the Hyalogyrinidae, basal Heterobranchia (Gastropoda) with a rhipidoglossate radula

Fig. 6 Xenoskenea pellucida, nervous system and sensory organs. a, b Reconstruction of anatomy of nervous system; (a) posterior view, arrows indicate section planes c–e; (b) posterio-dorsal view. c–e Semithin cross sections showing histological details of sensory organs; (c) osphradium, (d) eye, (e) statocyst, arrowhead points to statolith. Labels: B/B' = right/left buccal ganglion, C/C' = right/left cerebral ganglion, e/e' = right/left eye, l = lense of eye, O = osphradial ganglion, os = osphradial epithelium, P/P' = right/left pedal ganglion,

Fig. 11 in Interactive 3D anatomy and affinities of the Hyalogyrinidae, basal Heterobranchia (Gastropoda) with a rhipidoglossate radula

Fig. 11 Hyalogyrina depressa, histological details of genital system (semithin sections). (a) Overview: longitudinal section of gonoducts and associated structures, anterior is at right. (b) Detail: longitudinal section of proximal part of gonoduct. (c) Cross section of receptaculum seminis. (d) Longitudinal section of vesicula seminalis with autosperm. (e) Longitudinal section of bursa copulatrix with degraded allosperm. (f) Cross section of ovotestis lobes, each with inner ovary and outer testis portion. (g) Detail of f: spermatogenesis in peripheral portion of ovotestis. Labels: b = bursa, bs1/2 = blind sac1/2, dg = digestive gland, fs = allosperm, gd1/2/3 = proximal/median/distal portion of gonoduct, hd = hermaphroditic duct, n/n' = nucleus of ripe/ juvenile egg, nl = nucleolus, re = rectum, rs = receptaculum seminis, s = autosperm, sc = spermatocyte, spg = spermatogo- nium, x = degraded allosperm, yg = yolk granules

Fig. 15 in Interactive 3D anatomy and affinities of the Hyalogyrinidae, basal Heterobranchia (Gastropoda) with a rhipidoglossate radula

Fig. 15 Hyalogyrina grasslei, mantle cavity, histology of gill and other organs. (a) Reconstruction of mantle organs in dorsal view, showing section planes. (b) Longitudinal section of gill. (c) Detail of gill lamellae. (d) Overview of kidney and adjacent organs. (e) Detail of kidney with papilla. (f) Detail of left mantle margin with periostracal groove. (g) Metapodium with calcium cells and operculum. Labels: a = heart auricle, aks = afferent kidney sinus, ca = calcium cell, egs = efferent gill sinus, ex = external milieu, ga = gill axis, gi = gill, gl = gill lamellae, gls = sinus of gill lamellae, i = intestine, k = kidney, kp = papilla of kidney, mc = mantle cavity, n = nucleus of calcium cell, ng = nephridial gland, op = operculum, pc = pericardium, pgr = periostracal groove, re = rectum

Fig. 14 Hyalogyrina grasslei. a, b in Interactive 3D anatomy and affinities of the Hyalogyrinidae, basal Heterobranchia (Gastropoda) with a rhipidoglossate radula

Fig. 14 Hyalogyrina grasslei. a, b Reconstruction of gross anatomy, body wall shown transparent; (a) left side view, cephalic tentacles and ciliary knobs in pink; (b) anterio-dorsal view. c, d Reconstruction of nervous system; (c) dorsal view, (d) posterior view. Labels: B/B' = right/left buccal ganglion, CPl/CPl' = right/left cerebropleural ganglion, dg = digestive gland, gd = gonoduct, gi = gill, k = kidney, ng = nephridial gland, O = osphradial ganglion, P/P' = right/left pedal ganglion, pc = pericardium, re = rectum, rs = receptaculum seminis; Sb = suboesophageal ganglion, Sp = supraoesophageal ganglion, st/st' = right/left statocyst; 2/2' = right/left tentacle nerves, 3/3' = right/left pleuropedal connective, 4/4' = right/left cerebropedal connective, 6/6' =

Fig. 8 in Interactive 3D anatomy and affinities of the Hyalogyrinidae, basal Heterobranchia (Gastropoda) with a rhipidoglossate radula

Fig. 8 Hyalogyrina depressa, histological details of mantle cavity (semithin sections). (a) Cross section of right anterior mantle cavity. (b) Cross section of left mantle roof (arrowhead: dark glandular components). (c) Cross section of median mantle roof opposed to ciliated neck. (d) Longitudinal section of gill lamellae (arrowheads: lateral cilia). (e) Cross section of left kidney with heart (arrowhead: nephropore). Labels: a = auricle of heart, ci = cilia, ct = right cephalic tentacle, gl = gill lamellae, gls = efferent sinus of gill lamellae, hec = epidermis of head, k = kidney, mc = mantle cavity, mg1/2/3 = pallial mucous cell of type 1/2/3, pc = pericardium, pec = pallial epidermis, pt = pallial tentacle, rd = renopericardial duct

Fig. 7 Hyalogyrina depressa. a–c in Interactive 3D anatomy and affinities of the Hyalogyrinidae, basal Heterobranchia (Gastropoda) with a rhipidoglossate radula

Fig. 7 Hyalogyrina depressa. a–c Reconstructions of mantle cavity, mantle roof omitted, visceral sac transparent in c; (a) right side view, (b) left side view, (c) dorsal view. d, e Histological details of foot; (d) sagittal section of dorsal mesopodial calcium cells (arrowhead: foot sole), (e) parasagittal section of lobes of anterior foot gland (arrowhead: foot sole). Labels: a = auricle, adg = anterior digestive gland, bs = blood sinus, ca = calcium cell, co = concrements of calcium cell, ct/ct' = right/left cephalic tentacle, g = gonad, gd = gonoduct, gi = gill, h = head, k = kidney, n = nucleus, os = osphradium, pd = pedal gland duct, pdg = posterior digestive gland, pg/pg' = right/left pallial glandular area, pgl = pedal gland lobe, pp =

Fig. 3 in Interactive 3D anatomy and affinities of the Hyalogyrinidae, basal Heterobranchia (Gastropoda) with a rhipidoglossate radula

Fig. 3 Xenoskenea pellucida, histological details. (a) Pallial mucous cells with opening. (b) Cross section of propodium with anterior pedal gland (arrowhead: pedal gland duct). (c) Longitudinal section of mantle and pallial lobe, the latter showing specific granules in the apical cells. (d) Cross section of metapodium with metapodial tentacle. (e) Cross section of metapodium with posterior pedal gland (arrowhead: releasing duct) and large mass of calcium cells. (f) Detail of calcium cell with small nucleus and concrements. Labels: ca = calcium cells, co = concrements of calcium cells, ct/ct' = right/ left cephalic tentacle, hc = haemocoel, mp = metapodium, mpg = metapodial (posterior) pedal gland, mpt = metapodial tentacle, n = nucleus of calcium cell, p = mantle, pgc = pallial glandular cell, pl = pallial lobe, pp = propodium, ppg = propodial (anterior) pedal gland

FIGURE 3. Radula longicarinata. A. Marginal leaf cells. B. Median leaf cells. C. Basal leaf cells. D. Habit with gynoecia. E. Habit. F. Leaves. G in High liverwort diversity in the tropical Andes as evidenced by the discovery of three new species of Radula (Radulaceae)

FIGURE 3. Radula longicarinata. A. Marginal leaf cells. B. Median leaf cells. C. Basal leaf cells. D. Habit with gynoecia. E. Habit. F. Leaves. G. Cross section of stem. H. Cladographs of plants (U = gynoecia without perianth) (A-C, G = 50 µm, D-F = 500 µm; All from the holotype).

FIGURE 2 in High liverwort diversity in the tropical Andes as evidenced by the discovery of three new species of Radula (Radulaceae)

FIGURE 2. Distribution of Radula ilkiuborgesiae (green dot), R. longicarinata (red triangle) and R. magna (yellow pentagon). Map made by Paulo Eduardo Silva Bezerra.

FIGURE 1. Radula ilkiuborgesiae. A. Habit with androecia. B. Marginal leaf cells. C. Habit. D. Median leaf cell with oil bodies. E. Median leaf cells. F in High liverwort diversity in the tropical Andes as evidenced by the discovery of three new species of Radula (Radulaceae)

FIGURE 1. Radula ilkiuborgesiae. A. Habit with androecia. B. Marginal leaf cells. C. Habit. D. Median leaf cell with oil bodies. E. Median leaf cells. F. Cladograph of plants. G. Habit. H. Leaves. I. Cross section of stem. J. Habit in dorsal view (A, C, G = 500 µm, B, D, E = 25 µm, H = 100 µm, I = 50 µm, J = 250 µm; All from the holotype).

FIGURE 4. Radula magna. A. Habit. B. Marginal leaf cells. C. Median leaf cells with oil bodies. D. Leaves. E. Habit. F in High liverwort diversity in the tropical Andes as evidenced by the discovery of three new species of Radula (Radulaceae)

FIGURE 4. Radula magna. A. Habit. B. Marginal leaf cells. C. Median leaf cells with oil bodies. D. Leaves. E. Habit. F. Cladograph of plants. G. Cross section of stem (A, D, E = 500 µm, B, C = 25 µm, G = 100 µm; All from the holotype).