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106 results for “Salmon River”
Space invaders: searching for invasive Smallmouth Bass (Micropterus dolomieu) in a renowned Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) river
<p>Humans have the ability to permanently alter aquatic ecosystems and the introduction of species is often the most serious alteration. Non-native Smallmouth Bass (<i>Micropterus dolomieu</i>) were identified in Miramichi Lake <i>c</i>. 2008, which is a headwater tributary to the Southwest Miramichi River, a renowned Atlantic Salmon (<i>Salmo salar</i>) river whose salmon population is dwindling. A containment programme managed by the Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Canada (DFO) was implemented in 2009 to confine Smallmouth Bass (SMB) to the lake. We utilized environmental DNA (eDNA) as a detection tool to establish the potential escape of SMB into the Southwest Miramichi River. We sampled at 26 unique sites within Miramichi Lake, the outlet of Miramichi Lake (Lake Brook), which flows into the main stem Southwest Miramichi River, and the main stem Southwest Miramichi River between August and October 2017. We observed n=6 positive detections located in the lake, Lake Brook, and the main stem Southwest Miramichi downstream of the lake. No detections were observed upstream of the confluence of Lake Brook and the main stem Southwest Miramichi. The spatial pattern of positive eDNA detections downstream of the lake suggests the presence of individual fish versus lake-sourced DNA in the outlet stream discharging to the main river. Smallmouth Bass were later confirmed by visual observation during a snorkeling campaign, and angling. Our results, both eDNA and visual confirmation, definitively show Smallmouth Bass now occupy the main stem of the Southwest Miramichi. </p>
Evaluating Effects of Climate Change, Restoration Scenarios, and Hatchery Effects on Chinook Salmon in the Stillaguamish River Basin with the HARP Model
<p>Model code (R) to accompany the 2023 NOAA report "<strong>Evaluating Effects of Climate Change, Restoration Scenarios, and Hatchery Effects on Chinook Salmon in the Stillaguamish River Basin with the HARP Model</strong>"</p>
How riparian and floodplain restoration modify the effects of increasing temperature on adult salmon spawner abundance in the Chehalis, River, WA
<p>Model code (R) to accompany the manuscript "How riparian and floodplain restoration modify the effects of increasing temperature on adult salmon spawner abundance in the Chehalis River, WA", PLOS ONE.</p>
Data from: Changes to climate patterns significantly alter the growth of juvenile Chinook and steelhead in the Salmon River, Idaho
<p>dataset used for: Changes to climate patterns significantly alter the growth of juvenile Chinook and steelhead in the Salmon River, Idaho</p>
Building Habitat Resiliency for Chinook Salmon in Alaska's Deshka River Watershed - thermal imagery shape files
<p>Cook Inletkeeper contracted NV5 Geospatial (formerly, Quantum Spatial Incorporated) to collect thermal infrared (TIR) during the summer of 2020 for the main channel of Deshka River in the Matanuska-Susitna Borough in Alaska. This section of Deshka River was contracted to be flown at the beginning of the summer and during the afternoon hours in order to maximize the thermal contrast between the river’s water and the banks. The survey extends for 52 km / 32 miles of the Deshka River starting from the confluence of Moose and Kroto Creeks upstream and ending at the confluence with the Susitna River. The data were collected to aid the Cook Inletkeeper team to identify the spatial variability in surface temperatures as well as thermal influence of point sources, tributaries, and surface springs. The data will also be used to identify high-value habitats for the Deshka River chinook salmon population.</p> <p>Note: These data and related items of information have not been formally disseminated by NOAA and do not represent any agency determination, view, or policy.</p> <p>Funding for this project came, in part, from the Alaska Sustainable Salmon Fund (AKSSF Project #53004).</p>
Data from: Sonar estimation of summer chum and pink salmon in the Anvik River, Alaska, 2018
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Effects of salmon lice on numbers and size distributions of Atlantic salmon populations returning to spawn in Norwegian rivers
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Monitoring Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) smolt migration in a large river system using environmental DNA
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Space invaders: searching for invasive Smallmouth Bass (Micropterus dolomieu) in a renowned Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) river
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Data from: Overlap of spatial and temporal spawning distributions of spring and summer Chinook Salmon results in hybridization in the upper Columbia River
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Factors affecting the survival of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) embryos in upper and middle Columbia River watersheds, Washington State, USA
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Visual and genetic stock identification of a test fishery to forecast Columbia River spring chinook salmon stocks 2 weeks into the future
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Sacramento River winter-run Chinook salmon cohort reconstruction – data and code
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Naknek River subsistence salmon harvest assessment
<p>This project provides updated information about the harvests of salmon by the communities of King Salmon, Naknek, and South Naknek, Alaska. This project details the results of a household survey administered for the study years of 2017 and 2018 for harvests and uses of wild salmon by households in these Bristol Bay Borough communities. In addition to the results from the household survey data set, the resulting report includes information from in-depth interviews conducted with key respondents and during participant observation fishing trips. The three study communities are located along the Naknek River in Bristol Bay in Southwest Alaska. As in the past, during the 2017 and 2018 study years, many residents of these study communities relied on fishing for nutrition and to support their way of life. The household surveys found that, in both study years, subsistence harvests of salmon were important in the communities: more than 70% of the number of salmon harvested for King Salmon, and more than 80% of the salmon harvested for Naknek and South Naknek, were caught by subsistence net. Overall, the per capita harvests in 2017 were: 79 lb per capita in King Salmon, 138 lb per capita in Naknek, and 194 lb per capita in South Naknek. Sockeye salmon, followed by either Chinook salmon or coho salmon, composed the largest portions of salmon harvests (in pounds usable weight) for the three communities in 2017. In 2018, the harvests of salmon increased to 116 lb per capita for King Salmon, but decreased to 108 lb per capita for Naknek, and for South Naknek the per capita harvest decreased to 116 lb. Mirroring 2017, for study year 2018 sockeye salmon, followed by either Chinook salmon or coho salmon, composed the largest portions of salmon harvests for the three study communities. This study is part of the effort to collect data about the full range of wild salmon harvests and uses, and areas of harvest, to understand in all its complexity the importance of salmon as a subsistence resource. The project was funded by the Alaska Sustainable Salmon Fund (AKSSF). This information was collaboratively collected by research staff of the Alaska Department of Fish and Game (ADF&G) Division of Subsistence, and research staff from the Natural Resources Department of Bristol Bay Native Association.</p>
A large wild salmon stock shows genetic and life history differentiation within, but not between, rivers
<p>Anadromous salmonid fishes frequently exhibit strong geographic population structuring. However, population genetic differentiation of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) at fine geographic scales differs across equivalent spatial extents in different regions. So far, fine-scale genetic differentiation has not been assessed in rivers of the Baltic Sea, a region that contains an evolutionarily distinct Atlantic salmon lineage. Thus, Baltic salmon are currently managed on the river level, without focus on potential genetic structure and diversity within rivers. Here, we used microsatellites to characterize the genetic structure of wild juvenile salmon sampled throughout the interconnected, northern Baltic Tornio and Kalix Rivers. We found genetic differentiation within the two rivers, but not between them: salmon in the upper reaches differed from individuals in the lower reaches, regardless of river system. Further, examining smolts migrating from the river to the sea and adults returning from the sea to spawn, we found an association between the genetic structure and seasonal migration timing. Out-migrating smolts genetically assigned to upper river reaches were older and tended to reach the sea later in the season than smolts from the lower reaches. In contrast, mature adults originating from the upper reaches returned to the river early in the season. Our observation of genetic population structuring between downstream and upstream reaches of the large Tornio and Kalix rivers, and its association with migration timing, implies that careful temporal management of the northern Baltic fisheries would help to preserve the diversity and sustainability of the wild salmon stocks of these rivers.</p>
Data from: Thermal exposure of adult Chinook salmon and steelhead: diverse behavioral strategies in a large and warming river system
Rising river temperatures in western North America have increased the energetic costs of migration and the risk of premature mortality in many Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) populations. Predicting and managing risks for these populations requires data on acute and cumulative thermal exposure, the spatio-temporal distribution of adverse conditions, and the potentially mitigating effects of cool-water refuges. In this study, we paired radiotelemetry with archival temperature loggers to construct continuous, spatially-explicit thermal histories for 212 adult Chinook salmon (O. tshawytscha) and 200 adult steelhead (O. mykiss). The fish amassed ~500,000 temperature records (30-min intervals) while migrating through 470 kilometers of the Columbia and Snake rivers en route to spawning sites in Idaho, Oregon, and Washington. Spring- and most summer-run Chinook salmon migrated before river temperatures reached annual highs; their body temperatures closely matched ambient temperatures and most had thermal maxima in the lower Snake River. In contrast, many individual fall-run Chinook salmon and most steelhead had maxima near thermal tolerance limits (20-22 °C) in the lower Columbia River. High temperatures elicited extensive use of thermal refuges near tributary confluences, where body temperatures were ~2-10 °C cooler than the adjacent migration corridor. Many steelhead used refuges for weeks or more whereas salmon use was typically hours to days, reflecting differences in spawn timing. Almost no refuge use was detected in a ~260-km reach where a thermal migration barrier may more frequently develop in future warmer years. Within population, cumulative thermal exposure was strongly positively correlated (0.88 ≤ r ≤ 0.98) with migration duration and inconsistently associated (-0.28 ≤ r ≤ 0.09) with migration date. All four populations have likely experienced historically high mean and maximum temperatures in recent years. Expected responses include population-specific shifts in migration phenology, increased reliance on patchily-distributed thermal refuges, and natural selection favoring temperature-tolerant phenotypes.
Data from: Population structure of sea-type and lake-type sockeye salmon and kokanee in the Fraser River and Columbia River drainages
Population structure of three ecotypes of Oncorhynchus nerka (sea-type Sockeye Salmon, lake-type Sockeye Salmon, and Kokanee) in the Fraser River and Columbia River drainages was examined with microsatellite variation, with the main focus as to whether Kokanee population structure within the Fraser River drainage suggested either a monophyletic or polyphyletic origin of the ecotype within the drainage. Variation at 14 microsatellite loci was surveyed for sea-type and lake-type Sockeye Salmon and Kokanee sampled from 121 populations in the two river drainages. An index of genetic differentiation, FST, over all populations and loci was 0.087, with individual locus values ranging from 0.031 to 0.172. Standardized to an ecotype sample size of 275 individuals, the least genetically diverse ecotype was sea-type Sockeye Salmon with 203 alleles, whereas Kokanee displayed the greatest number of alleles (260 alleles), with lake-type Sockeye Salmon intermediate (241 alleles). Kokanee populations from the Columbia River drainage (Okanagan Lake, Kootenay Lake), the South Thompson River (a major Fraser River tributary) drainage populations, and the mid-Fraser River populations all clustered together in a neighbor-joining analysis, indicative of a monophyletic origin of the Kokanee ecotype in these regions, likely reflecting the origin of salmon radiating from a refuge after the last glaciation period. However, upstream of the mid-Fraser River populations, there were closer relationships between the lake-type Sockeye Salmon ecotype and the Kokanee ecotype, indicative of the Kokanee ecotype evolving independently from the lake-type Sockeye Salmon ecotype in parallel radiation. Kokanee population structure within the entire Fraser River drainage suggested a polyphyletic origin of the ecotype within the drainage. Studies employing geographically restricted population sampling may not outline accurately the phylogenetic history of salmonid ecotypes.
Data from: Accuracy of assignment of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) to rivers and regions in Scotland and northeast England based on single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers.
Understanding the habitat use patterns of migratory fish, such as Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.), and the natural and anthropogenic impacts on them, is aided by the ability to identify individuals to their stock of origin. Presented here are the results of an analysis of informative single nucleotide polymorphic (SNP) markers for detecting genetic structuring in Atlantic salmon in Scotland and NE England and their ability to allow accurate genetic stock identification. 3,787 fish from 147 sites covering 27 rivers were screened at 5,568 SNP markers. In order to identify a cost-effective subset of SNPs, they were ranked according to their ability to differentiate between fish from different rivers. A panel of 288 SNPs was used to examine both individual assignments and mixed stock fisheries and eighteen assignment units were defined. The results improved greatly on previously available methods and, for the first time, fish caught in the marine environment can be confidently assigned to geographically coherent units within Scotland and NE England, including individual rivers. As such, this SNP panel has the potential to aid understanding of the various influences acting upon Atlantic salmon on their marine migrations, be they natural environmental variations and/or anthropogenic impacts, such as mixed stock fisheries and interactions with marine power generation installations.
Data from: Human-mediated evolution in a threatened species? Juvenile life-history changes in Snake River salmon
Evaluations of human impacts on Earth's ecosystems often ignore evolutionary changes in response to altered selective regimes. Freshwater habitats for Snake River fall Chinook salmon (SRFCS), a threatened species in the U.S., have been dramatically changed by hydropower development and other watershed modifications. Associated biological changes include a shift in juvenile life history: historically essentially 100% of juveniles migrated to sea as subyearlings, but a substantial fraction have migrated as yearlings in recent years. In contemplating future management actions for this species should major Snake River dams ever be removed (as many have proposed), it will be important to understand whether evolution is at least partially responsible for this life-history change. We hypothesized that if this trait is genetically based, parents who migrated to sea as subyearlings should produce faster-growing offspring that would be more likely to reach a size threshold to migrate to sea in their first year. We tested this with phenotypic data for over 2600 juvenile SRFCS that were genetically matched to parents of hatchery and natural origin. Three lines of evidence supported our hypothesis: 1) the animal model estimated substantial heritability for juvenile growth rate for three consecutive cohorts; 2) linear modeling showed an association between juvenile life history of parents and offspring growth rate; and 3) faster-growing juveniles migrated at greater speeds, as expected if they were more likely to be heading to sea. Surprisingly, we also found that parents reared a full year in a hatchery produced the fastest-growing offspring of all—apparently an example of cross-generational plasticity associated with artificial propagation. We suggest that SRFCS is an example of a potentially large class of species that can be considered to be "anthro-evolutionary"—signifying those whose evolutionary trajectories have been profoundly shaped by altered selective regimes in human-dominated landscapes.
Data from: Persistent reproductive isolation between sympatric lineages of fall Chinook salmon in White Salmon River, Washington
Populations of fall Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha in the Columbia River are divided among two evolutionarily significant units: lower Columbia River fall Chinook salmon (or "tules") in the lower portion of the river and upriver "brights" (URBs) in the upper portion. The two lineages migrate together through portions of the lower Columbia River but spawn allopatrically. Little White Salmon National Fish Hatchery has been releasing URBs adjacent to what was historically exclusively tule spawning habitat in the White Salmon River for approximately 22 years. Tules and URBs now spawn in sympatry in the adjacent White Salmon River, and potential introgression between these two lineages has been identified as a genetic risk of the hatchery program. To assess the extent of introgression, we analyzed 13 microsatellite loci in juveniles taken from the White Salmon River in three consecutive years. Assignment tests revealed that juveniles leaving the White Salmon River from March to early May resembled tules, while those leaving from late May to June resembled URBs. Model-based hybrid detection revealed that between 4.3% and 15.0% of the juveniles in each year were tule × URB hybrids. No hybrid adults were detected in any of the collections examined. The divergence between the tule and URB populations in the White Salmon River was comparable to that between allopatric populations representing the two lineages. Although hybrid juveniles are produced in the wild, we found no evidence that they survive to return as adults or successfully cross back into the parental populations. The separation between the two fall Chinook salmon lineages thus appears to be based on intrinsic as well as extrinsic factors.
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