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FIG. 27 in Allostratigraphy And Biostratigraphy Of The Upper Cretaceous (Coniacian-Santonian) Western Canada Foreland Basin

FIG. 27. Scaphites (S.) depressus Reeside, 1927, macroconch, TMP2016.041.0350, 109.4 m, Wapiabi Formation, Bighorn River, Alberta. A. Right lateral; B. apertural; C. ventral; D. left lateral.

FIG. 12 in Allostratigraphy And Biostratigraphy Of The Upper Cretaceous (Coniacian-Santonian) Western Canada Foreland Basin

FIG. 12. Volviceramus involutus (Sowerby, 1828), TMP 2016.041.0243, LV, Wapiabi Formation, West Thistle Creek, 72.5 m, A, lateral view of the adult stage, B, anterior view, C, oblique, posterodorsal view, D, dorsal view, the photographs are ×1.

FIG. 11 in Allostratigraphy And Biostratigraphy Of The Upper Cretaceous (Coniacian-Santonian) Western Canada Foreland Basin

FIG. 11. Volviceramus koeneni (Müller, 1888), TMP 2016.041.0184, double-valve specimen, Wapiabi Formation, Chungo Creek, 45.5 m, A, dorsal view, B, lateral view of the LV, C, anterior view, D, lateral view of the RV. All photographs are ×0.95.

FIG. 10 in Allostratigraphy And Biostratigraphy Of The Upper Cretaceous (Coniacian-Santonian) Western Canada Foreland Basin

FIG. 10. Cremnoceramus crassus inconstans (Woods, 1912), TMP 2016.041.0101, LV, Wapiabi Formation, Wapiabi Creek, 7.9 m, A, anterior view, B, oblique, posterodorsal view, C, lateral view of the juvenile stage. All photographs are ×1.

FIG. 8 in Allostratigraphy And Biostratigraphy Of The Upper Cretaceous (Coniacian-Santonian) Western Canada Foreland Basin

FIG. 8. Tethyoceramus sp., TMP 2016.041.0395 (two left valves), Wapiabi Formation, Bighorn Dam, 8.5 m: A, D, smaller specimen; A, lateral view; D, anterior view. B, C, larger specimen; B, anterior view, C, lateral view. All photographs are ×1.

FIG. 3 in Allostratigraphy And Biostratigraphy Of The Upper Cretaceous (Coniacian-Santonian) Western Canada Foreland Basin

FIG. 3. Inoceramid zonation of the Coniacian and basal Santonian as recognized herein, and its correlation with the zonations of Tröger, 1989, Kauffman et al., 1993, and Collom, 2001.

FIG. 26 in Allostratigraphy And Biostratigraphy Of The Upper Cretaceous (Coniacian-Santonian) Western Canada Foreland Basin

FIG. 26. Summary representation, to scale, of stratal geometry viewed in strike (NW-SE) and three dip (NE- SW) sections spanning the study area. Lower Coniacian strata fill a saucer-shaped depocenter that thins to both NW and SE, whereas Middle Coniacian strata are thickest in the south but are erosionally truncated toward the NW. Upper Coniacian strata fill a depocenter in the NW but are truncated toward the SE, and are largely absent over most of southern Alberta and northern Montana. Sections summarized from figures 4, 8, 11, and 13.

FIG. 25 in Allostratigraphy And Biostratigraphy Of The Upper Cretaceous (Coniacian-Santonian) Western Canada Foreland Basin

FIG. 25. Comparison of the organic carbon isotope stratigraphy at Cutpick Creek with the carbonate carbon isotope reference curve for the English Chalk succession (after Jarvis et al., 2006, recalibrated to GTS2012 after Laurin et al., 2015). The Cutpick section, and corresponding carbon-isotope curve, has been "expanded" to show the location of hiatuses determined on the basis of regional subsurface correlation (i.e., fig. 4). Biostratigraphic collections made in all the Coniacian sections included in this study (fig. 24), allow three tiepoints to the UK Chalk to be established at the lowest occurrence (LO) of Cremnoceramus crassus crassus, and the lowest occurrence of Volviceramus. The base of the Santonian is defined at the co-appearance level of Clioscaphites saxitonianus and Sphenoceramus ex gr. pachti, which corresponds to surface SS0 of this study. The lowest occurrence of C . crassus, Volviceramus and Scaphites (S .) depressus allows tentative correlation to the Portland core, which does not extend as high as the Coniacian–Santonian boundary (Joo and Sageman, 2014). The highest local occurrence of Inoceramus gibbosus, which is widely distributed in allomembers CA3 and CA4 in the western Alberta foredeep, is marked by the lag-strewn erosion surface CS4, suggestive of significant sea-level fall and subsequent transgression. The absence of the I . ex gr. gibbosus interval in most sections of topmost lower Coniacian strata in other parts of the world suggests that a significant hiatus exists at the base of the overlying Volviceramus Zone.

FIG. 15. A in Allostratigraphy And Biostratigraphy Of The Upper Cretaceous (Coniacian-Santonian) Western Canada Foreland Basin

FIG. 15. A. Overview of surface CS1 exposed at river level at the mouth of Oldfort Creek (fig. 10). At right, a coarse-grained wave ripple composed of granules and small pebbles of chert and quartz rests sharply on regional erosion surface CS1. Traced laterally over only 3 m, the coarse lag pinches out and surface CS1 is manifest simply as a sharp mud-on-mud contact; scale bar = 20 cm. B. Detail of the coarse-grained wave ripple.

FIG. 2 in Allostratigraphy And Biostratigraphy Of The Upper Cretaceous (Coniacian-Santonian) Western Canada Foreland Basin

FIG. 2. Inoceramid ranges and zonation plotted against interpreted bathymetric changes in the interval studied. E5 through E7; CS1 through CS23, and SS0–erosional surfaces; CA1 through CA24–allomembers.

FIG. 20. A in Allostratigraphy And Biostratigraphy Of The Upper Cretaceous (Coniacian-Santonian) Western Canada Foreland Basin

FIG. 20. A. The upper part of the Marshybank Member at the Bighorn Dam section (fig. 7). Surface CS23, which is mantled with chert and siderite pebbles, marks a maximum regressive surface and is overlain by four subtle upward-coarsening successions culminating in surface SS0. B. Upper part of the Marshybank Member exposed on the Bighorn River (fig. 7) showing bioturbated sandy siltstone grading up into weakly stratified silty sandstone, the top of which is marked by surface CS23.

FIG. 22 in Allostratigraphy And Biostratigraphy Of The Upper Cretaceous (Coniacian-Santonian) Western Canada Foreland Basin

FIG. 22. Offshore facies typical of the Muskiki Member. A. Weakly bioturbated (BI 0-1) cm-scale beds of very fine-grained sandstone interstratified with mudstone forming an upward-coarsening succession culminating at flooding surface CS4. The rusty-weathering colour is typical of this facies and is due to abundant disseminated pyrite. Overlying rock comprises weakly bioturbated mudstone with mm-scale siltstone interbeds. Example: "Brown Creek" section (fig. 6, 11–19 m). B. Stratified mudstone (BI 1-2) with mm-scale coarse siltstone interbeds and abundant, dispersed siderite nodules; scale bar = 20 cm. Example: Oldfort Creek (fig. 10, 42–46 m). C. Heavily bioturbated (BI 4-5) sandy siltstone with dispersed siderite nodules. Example: Oldfort Creek (fig. 10, 49–52 m).

FIG. 1 in Allostratigraphy And Biostratigraphy Of The Upper Cretaceous (Coniacian-Santonian) Western Canada Foreland Basin

FIG. 1. Map of localities and the location of the study area with respect to the outline map of North America.

Fig. 3 in Volgian and Santonian-Campanian radiolarian events of the Russian Arctic and Pacific Rim

Fig. 3. Types of microfaunas from Kamchatka. A–J. Palana Section: Campanian spumellarians (A–D), Santonian foraminifera (E–G), Santonian radiolarians (H–J). K–R. Omgon section: Tithonian parvicingulids (K–N), Jurassic nassellarians (O–R). A–C. Lithomespilus mendosa (Krasheninnikov, 1960). A. GIN 76a. B. GIN 76b. C. GIN 76c. D. Amphisphaera goruna (Sanfilippo and Riedel, 1973), GIN 76/v. E. Archeoglobigerina bosqiensis Pessagno, 1967, GIN N 173/99/F1. F. Hedbergella holmdelensis Olsson, 1964, GIN N 173/99/F2. G. Hedbergella delrioensis (Carsey, 1926), GIN N 159/99. H. Pseudoaulophacus venadoensis Pessagno, 1976, GIN N 202/01/1. I, J. Pseudoaulophacus floresensis Pessagno, 1963. I. GIN N 202/01/2. J. GIN N 202/ 01/3. K–N. Parvicingula omgoniensis Vishnevskaya, 1998. K. GIN N 604/3k. L. GIN N 604/3l. M. GIN N 604/3m. N. GIN N 604/3n. O–R. Parvicingula sp. O. GIN N 603/5/7. P. GIN N 603/5/2. Q. GIN N 603/5/5. R. GIN N 603/5/1.

Fig. 7 in Volgian and Santonian-Campanian radiolarian events of the Russian Arctic and Pacific Rim

Fig. 7. Scanning electron micrographs of Late Cretaceous (Early Campanian) radiolarians from siliceous rocks of the Russian Arctic Margin (western Siberia, borehole 22, Ust−Manja, sample 57), except for D which is from the Volga Basin, Uljanovsk region, Shilovka section, sample 7−1. A–C. Spongurus arcticus Kozlova and Vishnevskaya sp. nov. A. Holotype, GIN N K22−2−57. B. GIN N K22−2a−57. C. GIN N K22−2b−57. D–F. Prunobrachium articulatum (Lipman, 1952). D. GIN N K22−15a−57. E. GIN N K22−15b−57. F. GIN N K22−15c−57. G, K–N. Lithostrobus ex gr. rostovzevi Lipman, 1960. G. GIN N K22−1a−57/1. K. GIN N K22−1b−57/1. L. GIN N K22−1c−57/2. M. GIN N K22−1c−57. N. GIN N K22−1d−57. H–J. Lithostrobus borealis Kozlova and Vishnevskaya sp. nov. H. GIN N K22−1a−57. I. GIN N K22−1b−57. J. Holotype, GIN N K22−1−57. O. Lithostrobus longus Grigorieva, 1975; GIN N K22−11−57. P–R. Immersothorax marinae (Gorbovets, 1966). P. GIN N K22−12−57. Q. GIN N K22−12a−57. R. GIN N K22−12b−57. S. Amphipyndax stocki (Campbell and Clark, 1944), GIN N K22−13−57.

Fig. 2 in Volgian and Santonian-Campanian radiolarian events of the Russian Arctic and Pacific Rim

Fig. 2. Correlation of Upper Jurassic and Cretaceous sequences from the Barents−Pechora region of the Arctic to Sakhalin in the far east of the Pacific Margin. Localities: 1, Mezen Basin, Pesha section. 2, southeastern Barents−Pechora Basin: 2, Narjan−Mar, borehole 5; 2A, Kolguev, borehole 140. 3, Volga−Pre−Ural Basin: 3, Shilovka section; 3A, Gorodicshe section, Uljanovsk region. 4, Northern and western Siberian basins: 4, Polar Ural, borehole 22; 4A, Upper Salym, borehole 17. 5, western Kamchatka and Chukotka: 5, Palana section; 5A, Omgon; 5B, Semiglawaya Mountains. 6, Sakhalin. Abbreviations for Jurassic: k, Callovian; km, Kimmeridgian; ox, Oxfordian; tt, Tithonian; v, Volgian regional stage. Abbreviations for Cretaceous: al, Albian; ap, Aptian; br, Barremian; bs, Berriasian; cn, Coniacian; cp, Campanian stage; h, Hauterivian; st, Santonian; t, Turonian; v, Valanginian.

Fig. 6 in Volgian and Santonian-Campanian radiolarian events of the Russian Arctic and Pacific Rim

Fig. 6. Scanning electron photomicrographs of Late Jurassic radiolarians from siliceous clay rocks in northern Russia, Barents Sea region. A–F from Kozlova (1994b). A. Quasicrolanium planocephala (Kozlova, 1976), uppermost Volgian, Kolguev offshore, borehole 140, sample 140, VNIGRI N 140−667/41a. B–E. Spinicingula ceratina Kozlova and Vishnevskaya sp. nov. B, C. From Narjan−Mar, borehole 5, Upper Volgian, sample 5. B. Holotype, VNIGRI N 667/66. C. VNIGRI N 667/66−1. D, E. From Upper Volgian, Gorodishce section (Craspedites subditus ammonite Zone) of Uljanovsk Volga Basin, sample G2. D. GIN N G−R1−1. E. GIN N G−R1−2. F, G. Parvicingula alata Kozlova and Vishnevskaya sp. nov., Middle Volgian, Gorodishce section (Dorsoplanites panderi Ammonite Zone) of Uljanovsk Volga Basin, sample G1. F. Holotype, GIN N G−1−2Ka. G. GIN N G−1−3K. H. Parvicingula papulata Kozlova and Vishnevskaya sp. nov., holotype, GIN N P−1K. Pechora Basin, Ukhta section, sample P, Lower Kimmeridgian. Scale bars 50 µm.

Fig. 1 in Volgian and Santonian-Campanian radiolarian events of the Russian Arctic and Pacific Rim

Fig. 1. Location of some radiolarian−bearing source rocks in the Russian Arctic and along the Pacific margins; localities A and B correspond to Fig. 2. 1, Mezen Basin, Pesha section. 2, southeastern Barents−Pechora Basin: 2, Narjan−Mar, borehole 5; 2A, Kolguev, borehole 140. 3. Volga−Pre−Ural Basin: 3, Shilovka section; 3A, Gorodicshe section, Uljanovsk region. 4, Northern and western Siberian basins: 4, Polar Ural, borehole 22; 4A, Upper Salym, borehole 17. 5, western Kamchatka and Chukotka: 5, Palana section; 5A, Omgon; 5B, Semiglawaya Mountains. 6, Sakhalin.

Fig. 9 in Volgian and Santonian-Campanian radiolarian events of the Russian Arctic and Pacific Rim

Fig. 9. Scanning electron micrographs of Berriasian (A–S) (sample 102−1, Tymov area, Veba River) and Tithonian radiolarian (T–AB) assemblages from the eastern Sakhalin Mountains (sample 114, locality Rocky Ridge). A. Acaeniotyle sp., GIN N 102−1−1. B. Praeconocaryomma haeckeli (Aliev, 1965), GIN N 102−1−3. C. Archaeodictyomitra tumandae Dumitrica, 1997, GIN N 102−1−20. D. Archaeodictyomitra leptocostata (Wu and Li, 1982), GIN N 102−1−22. E. Tethysetta usotanensis (Tumanda, 1989), GIN N 102−01−24. F. Cenodiscaella numulitica (Aliev, 1965), GIN N 102−1−5. G, O, P. Syringocapsa lucifer Baumgartner, 1984. G. GIN N 102−1−31. O. GIN N 102−1−33. P. GIN N 102−1−34. H. Stichocapsa altiforamina Tumanda, 1989, GIN N 102−1−35. I. Mirifusus chenodes (Renz, 1974), GIN N 102−1−36. J. Godia sp., GIN N 102−1−39. K, L. Xitus cf. robustum Wu, 1993. K. GIN N 102−1−41. L. GIN N 102−1−42. M. Mirifusus appeninicus Jud, 1994, GIN N 102−1−45. N, S. Sethocapsa pseudouterculus Aita, 1987. N. GIN N 102−1−46. S. GIN N 102−1−47. Q. Sethocapsa zweili Jud, 1994, GIN N 102−1−48. R. Sethocapsa kitoi Jud, 1994, GIN N 102−1−49. T. Hexinastrum? sp., GIN N 114−R1. U. Triactoma mexicana Pessagno and Yang, 1993, GIN N 114−R2. V. Tritrabs sp., GIN N 114−R5. W. Orbiculiforma lowreyensis Pessagno, 1977, GIN N 114−R6. X. Zhamoidellum? ovum Dumitrica, 1970, GIN N 114−R7a. Y, Z. Podobursa tricola Foreman, 1973, Y. GIN N 114−R8. Z. GIN N 114−R9. AA. Stichomitra cf. tairai Aita, 1987, GIN N 114−R10a. AB. Triversus tsunoensis (Aita, 1987), GIN N 114−R13.

Fig. 5 in Volgian and Santonian-Campanian radiolarian events of the Russian Arctic and Pacific Rim

Fig. 5. Scanning electron micrographs of Volgian foraminifera and ostracods from siliceous clay rocks in northern Russia, Barents offshore; sample 234, Middle Volgian (Dorsoplanites panderi Zone) of Pesha River Basin, borehole 234. A, B. Astacolus? suspectus Basov, 1967. A. GIN N 234−F1−1. B. GIN N 234−F2. C. Nodosaria tubifera Reuss, 1863, GIN N 234−F3. D. Citharina? angustissima (Reuss), 1863, GIN N 234−F4−2. E. Marginulinita cf. pyramidalis (Koch, 1851), GIN N 234−F5−3. F–H. Ramulina nodosarioides Dain, 1972. F. GIN N 234−F6−1. G. GIN N 234−F6−2. H. GIN N 234−F6−3. I. Pseudonodosaria? multicostata (Bornemann, 1854), GIN N 234−F7−2. J. Ammodiscus veteranus Kosyreva, 1972, GIN N 234−F8. K, L. Lenticulina sp.? K. GIN N 234−F9−1. L. GIN N 234−F9−2. M. Indeterminate ostracod, GIN N 234−F10.