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Figure 13. Specimen GPIH05049 in Diversity of schizomids (Arachnida: Schizomida) revealed by new fossil genera and species from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber with implications for a Gondwanan origin of the Burma Terrane

Figure 13. Specimen GPIH05049, †Groehnizomus oculiferans sp. nov., holotype. A, specimen in dorsal view, threedimensional (3D) model. B, specimen in ventral view, 3D model. C, specimen in left lateral view, 3D model. D, specimen in right lateral view, 3D model. See Material and methods for explanation of abbreviations. Scale bar: 1 mm.

Figure 4. Specimen GPIH04893 in Diversity of schizomids (Arachnida: Schizomida) revealed by new fossil genera and species from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber with implications for a Gondwanan origin of the Burma Terrane

Figure 4. Specimen GPIH04893, †Annazomus parvulus sp. nov., holotype, details. A, metapeltidium dorsal view, photograph. B, same, interpretative drawing. C, right pedipalp in mesal view, photograph. D, same, interpretative drawing. See Material and methods for explanation of abbreviations. Scale bars: 0.25 mm (A, B); 0.5 mm (C, D).

Figure 11. Specimen GPIH05048 in Diversity of schizomids (Arachnida: Schizomida) revealed by new fossil genera and species from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber with implications for a Gondwanan origin of the Burma Terrane

Figure 11. Specimen GPIH05048, †Cretaceozomus robustus sp. nov., holotype, details. A, flagellum in dorsal view, photograph. B, same, interpretative drawing. C, flagellum in ventral view, photograph. D, same, interpretative drawing. See Material and methods for explanation of abbreviations. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.

Figure 18. Specimen GPIH05055 in Diversity of schizomids (Arachnida: Schizomida) revealed by new fossil genera and species from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber with implications for a Gondwanan origin of the Burma Terrane

Figure 18. Specimen GPIH05055, †Groehnizomus oculiferans sp. nov., paratype, details. A, left pedipalp in ectal view, photograph. B, same, interpretative drawing. See Material and methods for explanation of abbreviations. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.

Figure 16. Specimen GPIH05049 in Diversity of schizomids (Arachnida: Schizomida) revealed by new fossil genera and species from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber with implications for a Gondwanan origin of the Burma Terrane

Figure 16. Specimen GPIH05049, †Groehnizomus oculiferans sp. nov., holotype, morphological details. A, flagellum in dorsal view, photograph. B, same, interpretative drawing. C, flagellum in ventral view, photograph. D, same, interpretative drawing. E, flagellum in dorsal view, three-dimensional (3D) model. F, flagellum in ventral view, 3D model. G, flagellum in lateral view, 3D model. See Material and methods for explanation of abbreviations. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A–D); 0.25 mm (E–G).

Figure 3. Specimen GPIH04893 in Diversity of schizomids (Arachnida: Schizomida) revealed by new fossil genera and species from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber with implications for a Gondwanan origin of the Burma Terrane

Figure 3. Specimen GPIH04893, †Annazomus parvulus sp. nov., holotype. A, specimen in dorsal view, photograph. B, same, interpretative drawing. C, specimen in ventral view photograph. D, same, interpretative drawing. See Material and methods for explanation of abbreviations. Scale bars: 1 mm.

Figure 15. Specimen GPIH05049 in Diversity of schizomids (Arachnida: Schizomida) revealed by new fossil genera and species from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber with implications for a Gondwanan origin of the Burma Terrane

Figure 15. Specimen GPIH05049, †Groehnizomus oculiferans sp. nov., holotype, morphological details. A, left pedipalp in ectal view, photograph. B, same, interpretative drawing. C, left pedipalp in ectal view, three-dimensional (3D) model. D, right pedipalp in ectal view, 3D model. E, pedipalps viewed from diagonally above, 3D model. F, pedipalps in frontal view, 3D model. See Material and methods for explanation of abbreviations. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.

Figure 8. Specimen GPIH04896 in Diversity of schizomids (Arachnida: Schizomida) revealed by new fossil genera and species from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber with implications for a Gondwanan origin of the Burma Terrane

Figure 8. Specimen GPIH04896, †Cretaceozomus angustocaudatus sp. nov., holotype, details. A, metapeltidum in dorsal view, photograph. B, same, interpretative drawing. C, flagellum in ventral view, photograph. D, same, interpretative drawing. See Material and methods for explanation of abbreviations. Scale bars: 0.25 mm (A, B); 0.5 mm (C, D).

Figure 7. Specimen GPIH04896 in Diversity of schizomids (Arachnida: Schizomida) revealed by new fossil genera and species from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber with implications for a Gondwanan origin of the Burma Terrane

Figure 7. Specimen GPIH04896, †Cretaceozomus angustocaudatus sp. nov., holotype, details. A, prosoma in dorsal view, photograph. B, same, interpretative drawing. C, right pedipalp in ectal view, photograph. D, same, interpretative drawing. See Material and methods for explanation of abbreviations. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.

Figure 10 in Systematics of the genus Mayazomus (Arachnida: Schizomida): the relevance of using continuous characters and pedipalp setae patterns to schizomid phylogenetics

Figure 10. Mayazomus estor comb. nov. holotype male. Chelicera (A–C): A, mesal view. B, fixed finger. C, moveable finger. Paratype female. Spermathecae: D, dorsal view. Scale bars = 0.05 mm.

Figure 8 in Systematics of the genus Mayazomus (Arachnida: Schizomida): the relevance of using continuous characters and pedipalp setae patterns to schizomid phylogenetics

Figure 8. Mayazomus estor comb. nov. Paratype male. Habitus: A, dorsal view. Paratype female. Habitus: B, dorsal view. Scale bar = 1 mm.

Figure 11 in Systematics of the genus Mayazomus (Arachnida: Schizomida): the relevance of using continuous characters and pedipalp setae patterns to schizomid phylogenetics

Figure 11. Homoplasy statistics: retention indexes (crosses) and consistency indexes (circles) for informative discrete and continuous characters (see Material and methods) from analysis with equal weights.

Figure 5. Preferred single tree resulting from the analysis under implied weights with concavity constant k in Systematics of the genus Mayazomus (Arachnida: Schizomida): the relevance of using continuous characters and pedipalp setae patterns to schizomid phylogenetics

Figure 5. Preferred single tree resulting from the analysis under implied weights with concavity constant k = 100. Clade support is indicated above (Bremer support values) and below [symmetric resampling values; only significant values (over 50%) are presented] branches. Sensitivity plots ('Navajo rugs') indicate the recovery of the nodes in the analysis under implied weights with different values of k (black squares indicate monophyly; white squares indicate nonmonophyly).

Figure 7 in Systematics of the genus Mayazomus (Arachnida: Schizomida): the relevance of using continuous characters and pedipalp setae patterns to schizomid phylogenetics

Figure 7. Strict consensus tree of five most parsimonious trees obtained by excluding continuous characters from the analysis with equal weights. The tree shows the poor resolution of the relationships inside Mayazomus and the inclusion of Hansenochrus as the sister group of Rowlandius, demonstrating the importance of continuous characters for phylogenetic studies in Mayazomus.

Figure 6. Preferred single tree resulting from analyses under implied weights with concavity constant k in Systematics of the genus Mayazomus (Arachnida: Schizomida): the relevance of using continuous characters and pedipalp setae patterns to schizomid phylogenetics

Figure 6. Preferred single tree resulting from analyses under implied weights with concavity constant k = 100, 60, and 30, and equivalent to one of the most parsimonious trees recovered in the analysis with equal weights and continuous characters. Images on the tree represent the morphological congruence of the clades with the structures pictured (pedipalps and spermathecae). The genus Mayazomus is clearly separated from Rowlandius by the presence of robust pedipalps and trochanters with apical process; the clade (Mayazomus yaax + Mayazomus estor) is supported by the rounded distal margin of the pedipalp femur; the clade (Mayazomus loobil + Mayazomus infernalis) is supported by the presence of a patella curved in a 'U'-shape; and spermathecae with lobes slender and subequal in length; the clade (Mayazomus aluxe + Mayazomus kaamuul) is supported by setae Fv1 and Fv2 located distally and projected, with spermathecal lateral lobes reduced and wider than medial lobes.

Figure 3 in Systematics of the genus Mayazomus (Arachnida: Schizomida): the relevance of using continuous characters and pedipalp setae patterns to schizomid phylogenetics

Figure 3. Relative position of cheliceral group three (G3) setae. A, seta 4 basally; B, seta 2 and 4 basally; C, seta 3 distally.

Figure 1 in Systematics of the genus Mayazomus (Arachnida: Schizomida): the relevance of using continuous characters and pedipalp setae patterns to schizomid phylogenetics

Figure 1. Mayazomus infernalis. Measurements used to generate the morphometric ratios used as continuous characters in the phylogenetic analyses. A, propeltidium; B, male flagellum; C, male pedipalp. Abbreviations: Lpro, length of propeltidium; Ltro, length of trochanter; Lfe, length of femur; Lpat, length of patella; Ltib, length of tibia; Htro, height of trochanter; Hfe, height of femur; Hpat, height of patella; Htib, height of tibia; WB, width at the base of the bulb; WDl1, width at the level of seta Dl1; WDl3, width at the base of seta Dl3; B, bulb of flagellum; P, pedicel of flagellum; Lf, length of flagellum.

Figure 2 in Systematics of the genus Mayazomus (Arachnida: Schizomida): the relevance of using continuous characters and pedipalp setae patterns to schizomid phylogenetics

Figure 2. Position and nomenclature of pedipalp setae. Mayazomus infernalis, A, femur; B, patella–tibia. Stenochrus pecki, C, femur; D, patella–tibia. Hubbardia pentapeltis, E, femur; F, patella–tibia. Abbreviations: Fe, Femur ectal; Fv, Femur ventral; Fd, Femur dorsal; Fvr, Femur ventral row; Fm, Femur median; Pe, Patella ectal; Pm, Patella mesal; Ter, Tibial ectal row; Tmr, Tibial medial row; Tir, Tibial internal row.

Figure 4 in Systematics of the genus Mayazomus (Arachnida: Schizomida): the relevance of using continuous characters and pedipalp setae patterns to schizomid phylogenetics

Figure 4. Strict consensus tree resulting from the two most parsimonious trees obtained from the analysis under equal weights with continuous characters included (length = 415.88, consistency index = 0.42, retention index = 0.54). Apomorphies are plotted on branches. Black squares indicate synapomorphies; white squares indicate homoplastic state characters (parallelism and reversals) according to the character sampling. Numbers above branches indicate character number; those beneath the branch indicate the character state. *, junior synonym; genus included within Mayazomus.

Figure 9. Mayazomus estor comb. nov. Holotype homeomorphic male. A, pedipalp ectal view. Female. B in Systematics of the genus Mayazomus (Arachnida: Schizomida): the relevance of using continuous characters and pedipalp setae patterns to schizomid phylogenetics

Figure 9. Mayazomus estor comb. nov. Holotype homeomorphic male. A, pedipalp ectal view. Female. B, pedipalp ectal view. Paratype heteromorphic male. Pedipalp (C, D): C, ectal view. D, mesal view. Holotype male flagellum (E–G): E, dorsal view. F, ventral view. G, lateral view. Abbreviations: Fe, femur ectal; Fv, femur ventral; AP, apical process; Dm, dorsal median; Dl, dorsal lateral; Vm, ventral median; Vl, ventral lateral. Scale bars = 0.2 mm.