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Fig. 1 in New Distributional Records of Three Species of Euphylliidae (Cnidaria, Anthozoa, Hexacorallia, Scleractinia) from the Ryukyu Islands, Japan
Fig. 1. Underwater appearance of living corals. A, in situ photograph of the colonies of Fimbriaphyllia paraancora (KAUM-CN-10) on the left and F.paradivisa (KAUM-CN-11) at Tean, Amami-Oshima island, Kagoshima, Japan, on 21 December 2017; B, an aggregation of F.paradivisa approximately 3–5 m in diameters on the muddy bottom in the usually turbid inner bay at a depth 28 m, Henoko, Okinawajima island, Okinawa, Japan, on 25 November 2010; C, extended polyps of F. paradivisa showing branching tentacles with spherical ends; D, extended polyps of F. paraancora showing tentacles with anchor-shaped tips; E, in situ photograph of Catalaphyllia jardinei (KAUM-CN-14) at Tean, Amami-Oshima island, Kagoshima, Japan, on 21 December 2017; F, polyps of C. jardinei showing small bubble-shaped tentacles at the edge of the oral disc.
Fig. 4 in New Distributional Records of Three Species of Euphylliidae (Cnidaria, Anthozoa, Hexacorallia, Scleractinia) from the Ryukyu Islands, Japan
Fig. 4. Specimens of Catalaphyllia jardinei preserved in the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History (Photographs taken by Allison Becker) (USNM). A–B, corallite of USNM 1259568, collected at 52–55 m deep off Manza Horshoe Cliffs, Onna, Okinawajima island, Okinawa, Japan, on 21 December 1988, by Robert F. Bolland; C–D, corallite of USNM 94409, collected at 27 m deep off Nago City, Nago, Okinawajima island, Okinawa, Japan, on 21 February 1992, by R. F. Bolland.
Fig. 3 in New Distributional Records of Three Species of Euphylliidae (Cnidaria, Anthozoa, Hexacorallia, Scleractinia) from the Ryukyu Islands, Japan
Fig. 3. Corallum of Catalaphyllia jardinei currently reported from Amami-Oshima island, Japan. A, side view of the corallite of KAUM- CN-14; B, view from the top side of the corallite and the calice of KAUM-CN-14; C, side view of the corallite of CMNH-ZG 09662; D, view from the top side of the corallite and the calice of CMNH-ZG 0966 showing three-forked branching of the calice.
FIGURE 8 in Biodiversity, ecology, and taxonomy of sediment-dwelling Dendrophylliidae (Anthozoa, Scleractinia) in the Gulf of Thailand
FIGURE 8 Digital reconstructions of Heteropsammia specimens based on Micro CT scans. A–E: H. moretonensis (HmKTa). A–C) a series of three transverse slices, from calice margin and base of fossa (A, B) and finally base of corallite with sipunculan chamber visible (C–D) lateral slice with yellow dashed lines denoting the position of slices in A–C, E) reconstructed view within coral, with sipunculan chamber and efferent pore channels projecting laterally. F–J: H. cochlea (KTa). F–H) a series of three transverse slices, from calice margin and base of fossa (F, G) and finally base of corallite with sipunculan chamber visible (C); I, J: lateral and top down (I and Downloaded from Brill.com 06/21/2024 06:29:01PM J, respectively) view into coralliteviawith Openvariable Access. This opacityisand an open sipunculanaccesschamber article distributed under the terms visible. Scale bars: 2.5 mm. of the CC BY 4.0 license. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
FIGURE 1 in Biodiversity, ecology, and taxonomy of sediment-dwelling Dendrophylliidae (Anthozoa, Scleractinia) in the Gulf of Thailand
FIGURE 1 Map of survey sites in the Gulf of Thailand; A) Koh Samaesan; B) Hin Chalam; C) Koh Mun Nai; D) Koh Mun Klang; E) Site HYE21; F) Koh Mun Nok; G) Sai Nuan; H) Tao Tong; I) Taa Chaa; J) Leuk Bay; K) Tanote Bay.
FIGURE 2 in Biodiversity, ecology, and taxonomy of sediment-dwelling Dendrophylliidae (Anthozoa, Scleractinia) in the Gulf of Thailand
FIGURE 2 Digital images of specimens based on micro-CT scans. A– D) Tubastraea stimpsonii comb. nov. (EKTa) A) Series of nine transverse slices from calice margin (i) towards base (ix); B, C) lateral view with varying opacities, yellow dashed lines denote the position of slices in A; D) top down view into corallite showing calicular features. E, G, I) Cladopsammia gracilis (RKTa). E) lateral view of small colony specimen including holdfast; G) close-up of theca with striae visible; I) wide slice of upper portion of a single corallite showing calicular features. F, H) Tubastraea diaphana (TmKT19b). F) lateral view of typical colony specimen including holdfast; H) wide slice of upper portion of a single corallite showing calicularDownloaded features.from ScaleBrill bars.: com 06/21/2024 06:29:01PM 5 mm. via Open Access. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the CC BY 4.0 license. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
FIGURE 7 in Biodiversity, ecology, and taxonomy of sediment-dwelling Dendrophylliidae (Anthozoa, Scleractinia) in the Gulf of Thailand
FIGURE 7 Heteropsammia spp. (scale bars: 5 mm). A–C) living specimen of H. moretonensis, showing dorsal, lateral and ventral views respectively; D–F) living specimen of small H. cochlea, showing dorsal, lateral and ventral views respectively; G, H) in situ photos of H. moretonensis (specimens HmKS20, HmKMN21; I–K) H. cochlea specimen KT-1m (one mouth, normal phase), specimen KT-2m (two mouths) and specimen KT-4m (four mouths, amorphous phase); L–N) H. eupsammides specimens Ko1, Ko4, and Ko5 respectively (scale bars: 5 mm). RMNH.COEL.39394. Locality: Teluk Slawi, SE Pulau Lassa, East Komodo (08°36'08"N, 119°29'47"E), 13 November 2002.
FIGURE 4 in Biodiversity, ecology, and taxonomy of sediment-dwelling Dendrophylliidae (Anthozoa, Scleractinia) in the Gulf of Thailand
FIGURE 4 Partial phylogeny reconstruction of Dendrophylliidae including the Heteropsammia clade, based on Bayesian Inference and the concatenated dataset (COI + IGR + rDNA). Posterior probability values greater than 0.7 shown, specimens in bold and coloured based on sequences provided in the present study.
FIGURE 6 in Biodiversity, ecology, and taxonomy of sediment-dwelling Dendrophylliidae (Anthozoa, Scleractinia) in the Gulf of Thailand
FIGURE 6 Dendrophyllia cf. minima. (B, C specimen HC 20f, D, E specimen HC20g) A) living specimen in situ (scale bar: 5 mm); B) digitial reconstruction of a single corallite with varying opacities highlighting external surface beneath calcified layer of coralline algae (scale bar: 2 mm); C) digital top-down view into corallite with calicular features visible (scale bar: 1 mm); D) top down view of skeleton of different specimen (scale bar: 1 mm); E) dorso-lateral skeletal view of calice (scale: bar 1 mm). Downloaded from Brill.com 06/21/2024 06:29:01PM via Open Access. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the CC BY 4.0 license. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
FIGURE 5 in Biodiversity, ecology, and taxonomy of sediment-dwelling Dendrophylliidae (Anthozoa, Scleractinia) in the Gulf of Thailand
FIGURE 5 Living corals with their specimen numbers (scale bars: 10 mm). A, B) Tubastraea stimpsonii (EKT19, EKT20); C) Tubastaea cf. chloromura (YKT19c) left and Tubastraea diaphana (TmKT19a) right; D) Tubastraea diaphana (TmKT19b); E, F) Cladopsammia gracilis (RKT19, RKS20).
FIGURE 10 in Biodiversity, ecology, and taxonomy of sediment-dwelling Dendrophylliidae (Anthozoa, Scleractinia) in the Gulf of Thailand
FIGURE 10 Mean population densities of dendrophylliids from soft substrate habitats at surveyed sites across the Gulf of Thailand. Vertical lines represent S.E. Location of the sites displayed in fig. 1.
FIGURE 3 in Biodiversity, ecology, and taxonomy of sediment-dwelling Dendrophylliidae (Anthozoa, Scleractinia) in the Gulf of Thailand
FIGURE 3 Partial phylogeny reconstruction of Dendrophylliidae including the Tubastraea clade, based on Bayesian Inference and the concatenated dataset (COI + IGR + rDNA). Posterior probability values greater than 0.7 shown, specimens in bold and coloured based on sequences provided in the present study. Downloaded from Brill.com 06/21/2024 06:29:01PM via Open Access. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the CC BY 4.0 license. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
FIGURE 9 in Biodiversity, ecology, and taxonomy of sediment-dwelling Dendrophylliidae (Anthozoa, Scleractinia) in the Gulf of Thailand
FIGURE 9 Variation in morphology and ecology of solitary soft-susbstrate associated Dendrophylliidae in the Gulf of Thailand. A, B) in situ observations of variable polystomatism in Heteropsammia cochlea (scale bars 5 mm); C) a bleached specimen of H. cochlea in situ (scale bar 10 mm); D) simultaneous ingestion of large salps by two mouths in a single H. cochlea colony, individual salps indicated by brackets (scale bar 10 mm); E,F) rare cases of division in H. moretonensis (scale bars 5 mm); G) ecto-parasitism on H. cochlea by an unidentified epitoniid snail (white arrow) with clusters of eggs (red arrow) attached to the corallite (scale bar 10 mm); H) ingestion of an oral disk of ceriantharian (white bracket) by H. moretonensis (scale bar 10 mm); I) ingestion of an anemone tentacle (white bracket) by H. moretonensis (scale bar 10 mm); J) ingestion of a medusa of Pelagia sp. (white bracket) by H. cochlea (scale bar 10 mm); K) proto-cooperative ingestion of a sea pen by Downloadedtwo from Brill.com 06/21/2024 06:29:01PM mouths in a single colony of via TubastraeaOpen Access stimpsonii. This(scale is an baropen 10 mm access). article distributed under the terms of the CC BY 4.0 license. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
FIGURE 2 in Morphological variation in the atlantic genus Siderastrea (Anthozoa, Scleractinia)
FIGURE 2: Graph of Discriminate Canonical Analysis for morphological comparison between S. radians and S. stellata. CV = canonical variable.
FIGURE 1 in Morphological variation in the atlantic genus Siderastrea (Anthozoa, Scleractinia)
FIGURE 1: Map indicating study area and localities selected for sampling of Siderastrea colonies. Todos os Santos Bay (TSB) = Maria Guarda, Paramana Boa Viagem, Bahia Yacht Club and Porto da Barra; North Shore (NS) = Genipabu, Guarajuba, Itacimirim, and Praia do Forte.
Fig. 5 in Loss and Gain of Group I Introns in the Mitochondrial Gene of the Scleractinia (Cnidaria; Anthozoa).
Fig. 5. Bayesian estimates of divergence times in scleractinians. The basal axis is a geologic time scale in units of million years ago (mya). Different time intervals are labeled with abbreviations (Cam, Cambrian; Ord, Ordovician; Sil, Silurian; Dev, Devonian; Car, Carboniferous; Per, Permian; Tri, Triassic; Jur, Jurassic; Cre, Cretaceous; Pal, Paleogene; Neo, Neogene). The chart below the phylogenetic tree gives the extinction rate (solid line) and origination rate (dashed line) in different geological periods, which were modified from Kiessling (2004) with major extinction events labeled with abbreviations (Rhae, Rhaetian; Plie, Pliensbachian; Kimm, Kimmeridgian; Ceno, Cenomanian; Maa, Maastrichtian, KT-extinction). Species with different types of intron are labeled with symbols: ●, Intron-729 (I729); ▲, Intron-893 (I893); ■, Intron-876 (I876).
Fig. 4 in Loss and Gain of Group I Introns in the Mitochondrial Gene of the Scleractinia (Cnidaria; Anthozoa).
Fig. 4. Comparison of phylogenetic trees between the cox1 exon (left side) and intron (right side) in complex corals and corallimorpharians (A) and in sponges and robust corals (B). Tree topologies presenting the phylogenetic relationships of exons and introns were consensus trees between the maximum-likelihood analysis and Bayesian algorism. Numbers on branches are Shimedaira- Hasegawa-like/posterior probabilities. Dashed lines are potential changes in phylogenetic positions between the exon and intron trees.
Fig. 3 in Loss and Gain of Group I Introns in the Mitochondrial Gene of the Scleractinia (Cnidaria; Anthozoa).
Fig. 3. Phylogeny and characteristics of cox1 intron traits in hexacorals. The tree topology was constructed with Mrbayes. Numbers labeled on branches are Shimodaira-Hasegawa-like support/posterior probabilities. Species with different types of introns are labeled with symbols: ●, Intron-729 (I729); ▲, Intron-893 (I893); ■, Intron-876 (I876).
Fig. 1 in Loss and Gain of Group I Introns in the Mitochondrial Gene of the Scleractinia (Cnidaria; Anthozoa).
Fig. 1. Secondary structures of representative cox1 introns in anthozoans. A: Corallimorpharian (Rhodactis howesii); B: basal and complex corals (Gardeneris hawaiinesis); C: robust corals (Diploastrea heliopora); D: actiniarian (Metridinium senile); E: poriferian (Plakortis angulospiculatus); F: zoantharian (Savalia savaglia). Features of the secondary structure indicate the characteristics of group I introns: 10 helical elements P1~P10; consensus primary structures P, Q, R, and S in hollow letters; internal guide sequence, IGS. Initial and terminal sites of the predicted open reading frame are labeled "ORF start" and "ORF stop", respectively.
Fig. 1. A in Microstructural diversity of the stylophyllid (Scleractinia) skeleton
Fig. 1. A. Schematic map of Sicily (Italy) showing geographic position of outcrops with Early Jurassic scleractinians (asterisk). B. Part of geological map of area near Longi village showing position of Sinemurian Black Limestones (asterisk on white bar that indicates geological section showed onC). C.Geologicalsectionshowingstratasampledforcorals(asterisk).B, C after Lentini 1973.
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