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Figs. A-D in Three newly recorded heterotrophic euglenids (Protist), Entosiphon oblongum, Euglena longa and Keelungia pulex from South Korea

Figs. A-D: Entosiphon oblongum (KF030). A: General appearance of cell 1, showing ventral view. B: Dorsal view of cell 1. C: Ventral view of cell 2. D: Dorsal view of cell 3; Arrowheads show grooves. E-G: Euglena longa (KF072). E: General appearance of cell 1. F: Cell 2, showing CV. G: Cell 3 showing FR. Arrow heads show paramylum granules. H-J: Keelungia pulex (KM080). H: Cell 1 and cell 2. I: General appearance of gliding cell 3. J: Cell 4 showing dorsal view and ridge (arrow head). FS: feeding siphon, AF: anterior flagellum, PF: posterior flagellum, FR: flagellar reservoir, F: flagellum, CV: contractile vacuole, IA: ingestion apparatus. All micrographs are DIC (differential interference contrast) images. Scale bar: 10 μm in (J).

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Figs 1–3 in First record of Stigmatijanus Wei (Hymenoptera: Cephidae) from South Korea with description of a new species

Figs 1–3. Stigmatijanus koreanus sp. nov., female. 1. Adult, dorsal view. 2. Abdomen, lateral view. 3. Wings.

Fig. 3. Eopompilus minor. A in Review of the genus Eopompilus Gussakovskij, 1932 (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae) in South Korea

Fig. 3. Eopompilus minor. A, Habitus in dorsal view, Ş. B, Head in laterodorsal view, showing broad lamina on lateral margin of clypeus, Ş. C, Habitus in profile, ♂. D, Head in full frontal view, ♂. E, S5-6 and apical portion of hypopygium, ♂. Scale bars: 1 mm (A, C, D), 0.5 mm (B, E).

Fig. 8 in New record of three oxytrichid ciliates (Ciliophora: Oxytrichidae) from South Korea

Fig. 8. Maximum likelihood (ML) phylogenetic tree inferred from 18S rDNA sequences of Oxytrichidae ciliates. The phylogenetic trees show the position of three soil ciliates of Oxytricha lithofera (arrow), Pleurotricha curdsi (arrowhead) and Sterkiella tetracirrata (double-arrowhead). New sequences are shown in bold text. Numbers at nodes indicate the bootstrap values of ML and the posterior probability of BI. Nodes designated by an asterisk (*) correspond to the supports not recovered in the estimated BI tree. The scale bar corresponds to two substitutions per 100 nucleotide positions.

Fig. 7 in New record of three oxytrichid ciliates (Ciliophora: Oxytrichidae) from South Korea

Fig. 7. Morphology of Sterkiella tetracirrata from live (A-D) and protargol-impregnated (E, F) specimens. A, B, Ventral view of typical specimen live arrow denotes contractile vacuole (arrow); C, Ventral view of typical specimen; D, Ventral view showing macronuclear nodules (arrow) and micronuclei (arrowhead); E, F, Ventral and dorsal view of typical specimen; Scale bars: 50 μm (C, E, F).

Fig. 6 in New record of three oxytrichid ciliates (Ciliophora: Oxytrichidae) from South Korea

Fig. 6. Morphology of Sterkiella tetracirrata from live (A) and protargol-impregnated (B, C) specimens. A, Ventral view of typical specimen; B, C, Ventral and dorsal view of typical specimen; AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; BC, buccal cirri; CC, caudal cirri; DM, dorsomarginal row; E, endoral membrane; FC, frontal cirri; LMR, left marginal cirral row; PTC, pretransverse cirri; RMR, right marginal cirral row; TC, transverse cirri; 1-4, dorsal kineties 1-4; Scale bars: 50 μm (A-C).

Fig. 5 in New record of three oxytrichid ciliates (Ciliophora: Oxytrichidae) from South Korea

Fig. 5. Morphology of Pleurotricha curdsi from protargol-impregnated (A-D) specimens. A, B, Ventral and dorsal view of typical specimen; C, Ventral view showing macronuclear nodules (arrow) and micronuclei (arrowhead); D, Ventral view of posterior end; AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; E, endoral membrane; FC, frontal cirri; LMR, left marginal cirral row; P, paroral membrane; PTC, pretransverse cirri; RMR, right marginal cirral row; TC, transverse cirri; Scale bars: 50 μm (A), 10 μm (C).

Fig. 3 in New record of three oxytrichid ciliates (Ciliophora: Oxytrichidae) from South Korea

Fig. 3. Morphology of Pleurotricha curdsi from live (A) and protargol-impregnated (B, C) specimens. A, Ventral view of typical specimen live arrow denotes contractile vacuole (arrow); B, C, Ventral and dorsal view of typical specimen; AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; BC, buccal cirri; CC, caudal cirri; DM, dorsomarginal row; DK, dorsal kinety; E, endoral membrane; FC, frontal cirri; FVC, frontoventral cirri; LMR, left marginal cirral row; Ma, macronuclear nodules; Mi, micronuclei; P, paroral membrane; PTC, pretransverse cirri; PVC, postoral ventral cirri; RMR, right marginal cirral row; TC, transverse cirri; 1-4, dorsal kineties 1-4; Scale bars: 50 μm (A-C).

Fig. 4 in New record of three oxytrichid ciliates (Ciliophora: Oxytrichidae) from South Korea

Fig. 4. Photomicrographs of Pleurotricha curdsi from live (A-G). A, B, Ventral view arrow denotes contractile vacuole; C, Ventral view from live; D, Dorsal view showing cytoplasm; E, Dorsal views of arrow mark the tapered posterior end; F, G, Extension of the contractile vacuole.; Scale bars: 50 μm (A-D).

Fig. 2 in New record of three oxytrichid ciliates (Ciliophora: Oxytrichidae) from South Korea

Fig. 2. Photomicrographs of Oxytricha lithofera from live (A, B) and after protargol impregnation (C, D). A, Ventral view showing lithosomes (arrows) and contractile vacuole (arrowhead); B, Dorsal view showing dorsal bristles and cortical granules; C, D, Ventral and dorsal view of typical specimen; Scale bars: 50 μm (A-D).

Fig. 3 in New record of Pleuronema marinum Dujardin, 1841 (Protozoa, Ciliophora) from South Korea

Fig. 3. Maximum likelihood tree of 18S rRNA gene sequences. Bootstrap values are shown on the branches, while the values ≤50% were not shown. The scale bar represents five nucleotide substitution per 100 nt.

Fig. 2 in New record of Pleuronema marinum Dujardin, 1841 (Protozoa, Ciliophora) from South Korea

Fig. 2. Pleuronema marinum after wet silver nitrate (A, B, E, G) and protargol impregnation (C, D, F). A. Ventral view of a typical individual showing oral apparatus and silver line system. B. Lateral view showing the excretory pore near mid-body. C-E. Nuclear apparatus fixed in Bouin's solution (C), concentrated mercury chloride (D), and Champy's fixative (E). F, G. Oral apparatus. CY, cytopyge; DE, docked extrusome; EP, excretory pore; M1, 3, membranelles 1, 3; M2a, anterior part of membranelle 2; M2b, posterior part of membranelle 2; Ma, macronucleus; Mi, micronuclei; PM, paroral membrane. Scale bars = 100 μm.

Fig. 10. Protocyclidium citrullus after protargol impregnation. A in New record of ten ciliate species (Protozoa, Ciliophora) from South Korea

Fig. 10. Protocyclidium citrullus after protargol impregnation. A, Ventral view showing the oral apparatus and the ventral infraciliature. Arrows denote the condensation of about 6 ciliated kinetids at the end of the shortened kinety n-1. B, Dorsal view showing the dorsal infraciliature. CC, caudal cilium; M1-3, oral membranelles; MA, macronucleus; PM, paroral membrane. Scale bars 10 μm.

Fig. 1 in New record of three oxytrichid ciliates (Ciliophora: Oxytrichidae) from South Korea

Fig. 1. Morphology of Oxytricha lithofera from live (A) and protargol-impregnated (B, C) specimens. A, Ventral view arrowheads denote lithosomes; B, C, Ventral and dorsal view of typical specimen; AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; BC, buccal cirrus; CC, caudal cirri; E, endoral membrane; FC, frontal cirri; LMR, left marginal cirral row; Ma, macronuclear nodules; Mi, micronuclei; P, paroral membrane; RMR, right marginal cirral row; TC, transverse cirri; 1-6, dorsal kineties 1-6; Scale bars: 50 μm (A, C).

Fig. 3 in New record of ten ciliate species (Protozoa, Ciliophora) from South Korea

Fig. 3. Pseudokeronopsis parasongi in life (A-C) and after protargol impregnation (D, E). A, B, Dorsal (A) and lateral (B) view showing the body shape and the two contractile vacuoles. C, Dorsal view showing the arrangement of the cortical granules; the yellow type I (arrowhead) and the colorless, blood cell shaped type II (arrow). D, E. Ventral (D) and dorsal (E) view showing the midventral pairs, the nuclear pattern and the four dorsal kineties. CV, contractile vacuole; FT, frontoterminal cirri; MA, macronuclear nodules; TC, transverse cirri. Scale bras 50 μm (A, B) and 20 μm (D, E).

Fig. 7. Urotricha furcata after protargol impregnation. A-C in New record of ten ciliate species (Protozoa, Ciliophora) from South Korea

Fig. 7. Urotricha furcata after protargol impregnation. A-C, Ventral (A), posterolateral (B), and dorsal (C) view, showing the body shape, the posteriorly shortened ciliary rows, the non-ciliated posterior area with two caudal cilia, the nuclear apparatus, and the oral flaps surrounding the oral opening. AO, adoral organelles; CC, caudal cilia; MA, macronucleus; OF, oral flaps. Scale bars 10 μm.

Fig. 6 in New record of ten ciliate species (Protozoa, Ciliophora) from South Korea

Fig. 6. Plagiocampa rouxi in life (A-C) and after protargol impregnation (D-H). A-C, Lateral views showing the ellipsoidal and obovate body shape, the cytoplasm studded with ring-shaped granules especially in anterior half, the nuclear apparatus, the oral flaps surrounding the oral opening, the single caudal cilium, and the posteriorly located contractile vacuole. D, H, Apical views showing the circumoral kinety consisting of dikinetids and the brosse consisting of three adoral membranelles. E-G, Dorsal (E) and lateral (F, G) views showing the somatic ciliature and the nuclear apparatus. AM, adoral membranelles (brosse); CC, caudal cilium; CK, circumoral kinety; CV, contractile vacuole; FV, food vacuoles; G. cytoplasmic granules; MA, macronucleus; MI, micronucleus; OF, oral flaps. Scale bars 20 μm.

Fig. 2 in New record of ten ciliate species (Protozoa, Ciliophora) from South Korea

Fig. 2. Heterotachysoma dragescoi in life (A-C) and after protargol impregnation (D). A-C, Dorsal (A, B) and ventrolateral (C) view showing the shape and flexibility of body and the shape and arrangement of cortical granules (arrows). D, Ventral view showing the infraciliature and the nuclear apparatus. AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; BC, buccal cirrus; FC, frontal cirri; LM, left marginal row; MA, macronuclear nodule; RM, right marginal row; TC, transverse cirri. Scale bars 20 μm (A-C) and 10 μm (D).

Fig. 5 in New record of ten ciliate species (Protozoa, Ciliophora) from South Korea

Fig. 5. Chilodontopsis depressa in life (A-D) and after protargol impregnation (E-G). A-D, Ventral (A, B) and dorsal (C, D) views, showing the body shape, the cyrtos in anterior body half, the macronucleus in mid-body, the cortical granules, and the oblique synhymenium (arrows). E, F, Ventral views showing the body shape, the nuclear apparatus either in mid-body or in posterior third of body. Arrows denote the synhymenium. Note the cortex is covered with impregnated cortical granules between somatic kineties. G, Ventral view showing the cyrtos, which consists of about 14 nematodesmal rods. Arrows indicate the synhymenium. CG, cortical granules; CV, contractile vacuole; CY, cytopyge; MA, macronucleus; N, nematodesmal rods. Scale bars 20 μm.

Fig. 1 in New record of ten ciliate species (Protozoa, Ciliophora) from South Korea

Fig. 1. Peritromus faurei in life (A-C) and after protargol impregnation (D). A-C, Dorsal (A, B) and ventral (C) view showing the body shape, the adoral zone of membranelles, the globular macronuclear nodules, the dorsal hump, and the somatic kineties. D, Ventral view showing the somatic and oral ciliature, and the nuclear apparatus. AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; H, dorsal hump; MA, macronucleus; SK, somatic kineties. Scale bars 20 μm.