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122 results for “Spartina alterniflora”
PIE LTER eddy flux measurements during 2020 from second high marsh site (Spartina patens/short Spartina alterniflora) Tall Tower off Nelson Island Creek, Rowley, Massachusetts
We deployed an eddy covariance system to measure ecosystem-atmosphere exchange of CO2 above a high marsh system (Spartina patens, short Spartina alterniflora) located on the Parker River Wildlife Refuge in marshes of Plum Island Sound, Rowley MA. The system is located near a higher elevation rock outcroppingprotected area which allows the tower set up to remain during the Winter as it is protected from ice flows. The data represents CO2 exchange for all 12 months of 2020.
Eddy flux measurements during 2018 from low marsh site (Spartina alterniflora) within Shad Creek catchment, Rowley, Massachusetts, PIE LTER.
We deployed an eddy covariance system to measure ecosystem-atmosphere exchange of CO2 above a low marsh system (Spartina alterniflora) located within the Shad creek catchment off Plum Island Sound, Rowley MA. The data represents CO2 exchange for early April through early November 2018. This site was established in 2015.
Eddy flux measurements during 2019 from low marsh site (Spartina alterniflora) within Shad Creek catchment, Rowley, Massachusetts, PIE LTER.
We deployed an eddy covariance system to measure ecosystem-atmosphere exchange of CO2 above a low marsh system (Spartina alterniflora) located within the Shad creek catchment off Plum Island Sound, Rowley MA. The data represents CO2 exchange for mid-April through early November 2019. This site was established in 2015.
Eddy flux measurements during 2020 from low marsh site (Spartina alterniflora) within Shad Creek catchment, Rowley, Massachusetts, PIE LTER.
We deployed an eddy covariance system to measure ecosystem-atmosphere exchange of CO2 above a low marsh system (Spartina alterniflora) located within the Shad creek catchment off Plum Island Sound, Rowley MA. The data represents CO2 exchange for mid-May through mid-November 2020. This site was established in 2015.
Salinity and Simulated Herbivory Effects on Spartina alterniflora in a Mesocosm, 2017
The goal of this mesocosm study was to examine the effects of salinity (0, 6,14, 19 or 26 ppt), collection site (mesohaline vs. freshwater marsh), and simulated herbivory via clipping on the growth and plant traits of Spartina alterniflora. Spartina alterniflora collected from a mesohaline marsh (Taskinas Creek) and a freshwater marsh (Sweet Hall) was grown in mesocosms and subjected to one of five salinities and an herbivory treatment. Chlorophyll concentrations, total phenolic concentrations, total soluble protein content, belowground biomass, number of new shoots produced, and carbon and nitrogen content were assessed.
Data for: Drainage impacts on the productivity of wetland species Spartina alterniflora and Salicornia pacifica
<p>Coastal wetlands display ecohydrological zonation such that vertical differences of plant zones are driven by varying groundwater levels over tidal cycles. It is unclear how variable levels of tidal drainage directly impact biotic and abiotic factors in coastal wetland ecosystems. To determine the impacts of drainage levels, simulated tides in mesocosms with varying degrees of drainage were created with <em>Spartina alterniflora</em>, the salt marsh coastal ecosystem dominant species on the United States Atlantic Coast, and <em>Salicornia pacifica</em>, the Pacific Coast dominant. We measured biomass production and photosynthesis as indicators of plant health, and we also measured soil and porewater characteristics to help interpret patterns of productivity. These measures included above and belowground biomass, porewater pH, salinity, ammonium concentration, sulfide concentration, soil redox potential, net ecosystem exchange, photosynthesis rate, respiration rate, and methane flux. We found the greatest plant production in soils with intermediate drainage levels, with production values that were 13.7% higher for <em>S. alterniflora</em> and 57.7% higher for <em>S. pacifica</em> in the intermediate flooding levels than found in more inundated and more drained conditions. Understanding how drainage impacts plant species is important for predicting wetland resilience to sea level rise, as increasing water levels alter ecohydrological zonation.</p>
Data for: Drainage impacts on the productivity of wetland species Spartina alterniflora and Salicornia pacifica
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Change in marsh surface elevation measured with a Surface Elevation Table (SET) at control plots in a Spartina alterniflora-dominated salt marsh at Law's Point, Rowley River, Plum Island Ecosystem LTER, MA.
A Surface Elevation Table (SET) is used to measure changes in the elevation of the marsh platform at a Spartina alterniflora-dominated marsh on the Rowley River in the Plum Island Ecosystem (PIE) LTER site, MA.
Annual primary productivity in control plots at a Spartina alterniflora-dominated salt marsh at Goat Island, North Inlet, Georgetown, SC.
Annual productivity is determined from aboveground biomass data at permanent, high marsh, control plots in a Spartina alterniflora-dominated salt marsh in North Inlet, Georgetown, SC.
Porewater nutrient concentrations from control plots in a Spartina alterniflora-dominated salt marsh at Goat Island, North Inlet, Georgetown, SC.
Porewater samples from a Spartina alterniflora-dominated salt marsh on Goat Island, North Inlet, Georgetown, SC were analyzed for ammonium, phosphate, sulfide and chloride concentrations.
Change in marsh surface elevation measured with a Surface Elevation Table (SET) at control plots in a Spartina alterniflora-dominated salt marsh,North Inlet, Georgetown, SC.
A Surface Elevation Table (SET) is used to measure changes in the elevation of the platform at a Spartina alterniflora-dominated marsh on the Goat Island, North Inlet, Georgetown, SC. Measurements are done monthly.
Aboveground biomass from control plots in a Spartina alterniflora-dominated salt marsh at Goat Island, North Inlet, Georgetown, SC.
Aboveground biomass is determined non-destructively at permanent, high marsh, control plots in a Spartina alterniflora-dominated salt marsh in North Inlet, Georgetown, SC. Measurements are done monthly.
Biomass of Spartina alterniflora collected in July 2018 from various marsh edges around Plum Island Sound, MA, PIE LTER.
Biomass of Spartina alterniflora was collected at various locations within the Plum Island Sound estuary. Samples were collected during July 2018. Only Spartina alterniflora was collected. To collect biomass, 25 X 25 cm quadrats were placed over the plants. Aboveground biomass was clipped to soil surface. Biomass was dried in the lab in a drying oven until a constant weight was reached, and then weighed. Biomass values were then convertedto grams of dry weight per square meter (g/m2).
Genetic Diversity and Spatial Structure of Spartina alterniflora in on the Eastern Shore of Virginia
Nine polymorphic microsatellite loci were used to quantify the genetic characteristics (e.g., allelic richness,diversity, polyploidy, fixation index) of the S. alterniflora populations at five salt marshes on the Eastern Shore of Virginia (Northampton Co.), as well as to measure the spatial structure (size and shape of clones) of a single population in Upper Phillips Creek marsh (UPC), a marsh that experienced dieback. Over 250 individual plant samples were collected at three spatial scales for these experiments
Shoot height and average carbon:nitrogen ratio for Spartina alterniflora in intertidal marshes on Hog Island, Parramore Island, Quinby inlet, and Phillips Creek of the Virginia Coast Reserve 1988-1989
Shoot height and average carbon:nitrogen ratio for Spartina alterniflora in intertidal marshes on Hog Island (Cattleshed Creek and Hodges Narrows), Parramore Island (Cresent Island: South Parramore), Quinby Inlet (Chimney Pole Marsh), and Phillips Creek (Phillips Creek) of the Virginia Coast Reserve 1988-1989.
Phenotypic traits of 17 populations of Spartina alterniflora in China
<p>Understanding the ecological and evolutionary processes that underlie phenotypic and genetic variation among invasive plant populations and the capacity of such populations to colonize a broad range of environments is a major goal in ecology. Rapid adaptation to local environmental conditions often leads to latitudinal clines in both phenotypes and genotypes of invasive plant species. Previous studies suggest that natural selection influenced a latitudinal cline in phenotypic traits of the invasive plant <em>Spartina alterniflora</em> in China. However, little is understood of the relationship between genetic and phenotypic differentiation and environmental factors among <em>S. alterniflora</em> populations. Here, we studied whether <em>S. alterniflora</em> exhibits a latitudinal cline in genetic diversity across the east coast of China and whether genetic and phenotypic differentiation among populations were correlated with environmental factors. The Restriction-site Associated DNA (RAD-seq) sequencing was used to obtained genomic information of 17 populations of <em>S. alterniflora</em> in China. A redundancy analysis (RDA) was performed to assess whether environmental variables were corelated with genetic and phenotypic differentiation among the populations. A univariate environmental association analysis (implemented through Latent Factor Mixed Model; LFMM) and a principal component analysis (PCAdapt) were used to test for signature of local adaptation. A total of 3, 310 SNPs showed a clear genetic structure among populations in three climatic regions (northern, mid-latitude and southern). Positive correlations between genetic differentiation and variation in reproductive characteristics of <em>S. alterniflora</em> were revealed, suggesting that sexual reproduction traits might be stable and genetically heritable. Outlier loci that were identified by both PCAdapt and LFMM methods were significantly correlated to soil phosphorus content, soil salinity, and precipitation. These results provide evidence of molecular signatures of local adaptation of <em>S. alterniflora</em> and suggest that rapid adaptive evolution may facilitate invasiveness of <em>S. alterniflora</em> in China.</p>
Genetic and epigenetic differentiation across intertidal gradients in the foundation plant Spartina alterniflora
<p>This record contains supplementary information for the article "Genetic and epigenetic differentiation across intertidal gradients in the foundation plant Spartina alterniflora". It contains the barcodes (barcodes.txt), the reference contigs (contigs.fasta.gz), the annotation of the reference contigs (mergedAnnot.csv.gz), the SNPs (snps.vcf.gz), the methylation data (methylation.txt.gz), and the experimental design (design.txt). All data are unfiltered.</p> <p>All reads are available on SRA (PRJNA798549). Note that the barcode sequences and the control nucleotide were already removed from the demultiplexed files (hence, for each sample, reads are also split into "watson" and "crick" based on the control nucleotide).</p>
Unraveling the effects of cold stratification and temperature on the seed germination of invasive Spartina alterniflora across latitude
<p>Seed germination is critical to the life history of plants, playing an important role in the successful recruitment, colonization, and even invasion of new individuals within and outside population distribution ranges. Cold stratification and temperature are the key factors affecting seed germination traits. Studying how these two factors drive geographical variation in seed germination is essential to analyze and predict the geographical distribution range of alien plants in novel habitats. <em>Spartina alterniflora</em>, native to the United States, was introduced into China in 1979 and has spread over 20° of latitude along the eastern coast of China. Germination plays a crucial role in <em>S</em>. <em>alterniflora</em>'s large-scale invasion and diffusion across latitude. To evaluate the effects of cold stratification and temperature on seed germination of <em>S</em>. <em>alterniflora </em>across latitude, we collected seeds at seven locations across latitude in China. We exposed these provenances to cold stratification at 4°C (0, 1, 3, and 5 months) and germination temperature (5°C, 15°C, 25°C, and 35°C) treatments in growth chambers. Seed germination was observed for 98 days, and we calculated germination rate, germination index, and germination time. Results indicated that longer cold stratification significantly promoted germination rate and germination index, but decreased germination time. Similarly, higher germination temperature significantly promoted germination rate and germination index, but decreased germination time. Moreover, there were significant interactive effects on germination traits between cold stratification and temperature. Seed germination traits showed linear relationships with latitude, indicating that <em>S</em>. <em>alterniflora </em>seeds from different provenances germinated at different times and adopted different germination strategies. The stratification and temperature are the most important factors regulating the dormancy and germination seeds, so they can be important drivers of this variation along latitude. Under scenarios of warmer regional temperature, seeds at higher latitudes could germinate earlier and higher germination rate, which would favor a potential northern expansion of this invasive plant.</p>
Data from: Mismatches between the resources for adult herbivores and their offspring suggest invasive Spartina alterniflora is an ecological trap
1. Plant invasions can alter the behavior and performance of native herbivorous insects because the insects are evolutionarily naïve to the novel plants. An ecological trap results when native insects prefer invasive plants over their native hosts but suffer reduced fitness on the invaders. Although such traps are predicted to occur frequently given the prevalence of invasive plants, empirical support for ecological traps and their underlying mechanisms remains sparse. 2. We examined the potential for the invasive plant Spartina alterniflora to act as an ecological trap for the native moth Laelia coenosa, which previously fed mainly on the indigenous plant Phragmites australis in a Chinese saltmarsh. We surveyed Laelia egg densities on Spartina and Phragmites in the field, and determined adult oviposition preference and offspring development on the two plant species. To investigate the causes of adult preference and offspring performance patterns, we compared resource abundance in the field, plant-odor attractiveness, and leaf nutritional and defensive traits between Spartina and Phragmites. 3. We found that Laelia egg density and female preference for ovipositing were higher on Spartina than Phragmites. However, performance of offspring was poorer on Spartina than Phragmites. Spartina dominated a larger area and had greater leaf biomass than Phragmites in the field, and volatile odors released by Spartina were more attractive to Laelia females than those released by Phragmites. Although leaf C, C:P ratio, and terpenoid content did not differ significantly between the two plant species, Spartina leaves were tougher and more waxy, had lower N, and had higher concentrations of alkaloids and phenolics than Phragmites leaves. 4. Synthesis: Our data suggest that invasive Spartina can create an ecological trap for the native insect Laelia. This trap appears to result from environmental cues (resource availability and leaf odors) that attract the herbivore to the plant, but do not reliably predict the dietary qualities (nutrition and defenses) that negatively affect herbivore offspring performance. These findings reveal an important negative effect of plant invasions on resident herbivores and highlight the roles of resource availability and plant traits at different life stages of the insect.
Does the effect of flowering time on biomass allocation across latitude differ between invasive and native salt marsh grass Spartina alterniflora?
<p><span>Parallel latitudinal clines in flowering time have been documented in both the invasive and native ranges of plants. Furthermore, flowering time has been found to affect biomass at maturity. Therefore, understanding how these flowering times affect biomass accumulation across latitude is essential to understanding plant adaptations and distributions. </span><span>We investigated and compared trends in first flowering day (FFD), aboveground biomass (AGB), belowground biomass (BGB) and BGB:AGB ratio of the salt marsh grass <em>Spartina alterniflora</em> along latitudinal gradients from the invasive (China, 19-40<sup>o</sup> N) and native range (United States, 27-43<sup>o</sup> N) in a greenhouse common garden experiment, and tested whether FFD would drive these divergences between invasive and native ranges. </span><span>The invasive populations produced more (~20%, ~19%) AGB and BGB than native populations, but there were no significant differences in the FFD and BGB:AGB ratio. We found significant parallel latitudinal clines in FFD in both invasive and native ranges. In addition, the BGB:AGB ratio was negatively correlated with the FFD in both the invasive and native ranges but non-significant in invasive populations. In contrast, AGB and BGB increased with latitude in the invasive range, but declined with latitude in the native range. Most interestingly, we found AGB and BGB positively correlated with the FFD in the native range, but no significant relationships in the invasive range. </span>Our results indirectly support the evolution of increased competitive ability hypothesis (EICA) that <em>S. alterniflora</em> has evolved to produce greater AGB and BGB in China, and climatic conditions in the native might select for a flowering and allocation pattern is maintained in the invasive range. Our results also suggest that invasive <em>S. alterniflora</em> in China is not constrained by the trade-off of earlier flowering with smaller size, and that flowering time has played an important role on biomass allocation across latitude.</p>
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