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126 results for “Sperm competition”
Sperm competition drives variation in testis size within and between breeding seasons in the gracile mouse opossum
<p>Data set on <i>Gracilinanus agilis</i> (Didelphimorphia: Didelphidae) with a reproducible script.</p><p> </p>
Male age alone predicts paternity success under sperm competition when effects of age and past mating effort are experimentally separated
<p>Older males often perform poorly under post-copulatory sexual selection. It is unclear, however, whether reproductive senescence is due to male age itself or the accumulated costs of the higher lifetime mating effort that is usually associated with male age. To date, very few studies have accounted for mating history and sperm storage when testing the effect of male age on sperm traits, and none test how age and past mating history influence paternity success under sperm competition. Here, we experimentally manipulate male mating history to tease apart its effects from that of age on ejaculate traits and paternity in the mosquitofish<i>, Gambusia holbrooki</i>. We found that old, naive males had more sperm than old, experienced males, while the reverse was true for young males. In contrast, neither male age nor mating history affected sperm velocity. Finally, using artificial insemination to experimentally control the number of sperm per male, we found that old males sired significantly more offspring than young males independently of their mating history. Our results highlight that the general pattern of male reproductive senescence described in many taxa may often be affected by two naturally confounding factors, male mating history and sperm age, rather than male age itself.</p>
Sperm competition risk affects ejaculate strategy in terms of sperm number but not sperm size in squid
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>In polygamous species, the mode of sperm storage in females influences evolution of sperm quantitative and qualitative traits because it provides the arena for sperm competition, cryptic female choice and fertilization processes. In this study, we compared ejaculate traits of two squid species, <i>Heterololigo bleekeri </i>and <i>Loligo reynaudii</i>. Both species show dimorphic sperm traits associated with alternative reproductive tactics where consort and sneaker males transfer sperm to different storage sites within a female (on the oviduct and near the mouth, respectively). Due to differences in reproductive behaviours and sperm placement, sperm competition risk is expected to be higher in sneakers than in consorts of both species, and higher overall in <i>L. reynaudii</i>. Our results demonstrate that the instantaneous number of released sperm is adjusted to the expected sperm competition risk via an elaborate sperm package. Consort sperm are similar in size, however, sneaker sperm have a significantly longer flagellum in <i>H. bleekeri </i>than in <i>L. reynaudii</i>, most likely due to intra-tactic conflicts associated with sperm storage conditions. From consideration of the different mating tactics, we suggest that while levels of sperm competition determine quantitative traits, sperm quality traits are determined more by the mode of sperm storage and fertilization.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Divergent natural selection alters male sperm competition success in Drosophila melanogaster
<p>Sexually selected traits may also be subject to non-sexual selection. If optimal trait values depend on environmental conditions, then "narrow sense" (i.e., non-sexual) natural selection can lead to local adaptation, with fitness in a certain environment being highest among individuals selected under that environment. Such adaptation can in turn drive ecological speciation via sexual selection. To date, most research on the effect of narrow-sense natural selection on sexually selected traits has focused on precopulatory measures like mating success. However, postcopulatory traits, such as sperm function, can also be under nonsexual selection, and have the potential to contribute to population divergence between different environments. Here, we investigate the effects of narrow-sense natural selection on male postcopulatory success in <em>Drosophila melanogaster</em>. We chose two extreme environments, low oxygen (10%, hypoxic) or high CO<sub>2</sub> (5%, hypercapnic) to detect small effects. We measured the sperm defensive (P1) and offensive (P2) capabilities of selected and control males in the corresponding selection environment and under control conditions. Overall, selection under hypoxia decreased both P1 and P2, while selection under hypercapnia had no effect. Surprisingly, P1 for both selected and control males was higher under both ambi-ent hypoxia and ambient hypercapnia, compared to control conditions, while P2 was lower under hypoxia. We found limited evidence for local adaptation: the positive environmental effect of hypoxia on P1 was greater in hypoxia-selected males than in controls. We discuss the implications of our findings for the evolution of postcopulatory traits in response to non-sexual and sexual selection.</p>
Data of sperm competition experiments between Lampetra planeri and L. fluviatilis
<p>The following data come from a study on the effects of sperm competition and cryptic female choice as putative postmating barriers in two lamprey ecotypes (<em>Lampetra planeri</em> and <em>L. fluviatilis</em>) with a partial reproductive isolation. We measured sperm traits in both ecotypes and designed sperm competition experiments to test the occurrence of cryptic female choice. Sperm competition experiments either at equal semen volume or equal sperm number were realized to investigate the role of sperm velocity on fertilization success.</p>
Data from: Male responses to sperm competition risk associated with increased macronutrient intake and reduced lifespan
<p>Increased expenditure on the ejaculate is a taxonomically widespread male response to sperm competition. Increased ejaculate expenditure is assumed to come at a cost to future reproduction, otherwise males should always invest maximally. However, the life-history costs of strategic ejaculation are not well documented. Macronutrient intake is known to affect the trade-off between reproduction and lifespan. Intakes of protein and carbohydrate that maximise reproduction are often differ from those that maximise lifespan. Here, we asked whether strategic expenditure on the ejaculate by male crickets, <em>Teleogryllus oceanicus</em>, is mediated by macronutrient intake, and whether it comes at a cost of reduced lifespan. Males were exposed to rival song throughout their lifespan or were held in a silent non-competitive environment. Males exposed to song had a higher intake of both protein and carbohydrate, they reached adulthood sooner, produced ejaculates of higher quality, and died sooner than males living in a silent environment. Our findings provide a rare example of both the mechanisms and life-history costs associated with strategic ejaculation.</p>
Data from: Postmating-prezygotic isolation between two allopatric populations of Drosophila montana: fertilisation success differs under sperm competition
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Data from: Social manipulation of sperm competition intensity reduces seminal fluid gene expression
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Data from: Sperm competition, but not major histocompatibility divergence, drives differential fertilization success between alternative reproductive tactics in Chinook salmon
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Data from: Phenotypic plasticity in genitalia: baculum shape responds to sperm competition risk in house mice
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Data from: Delineating the roles of males and females in sperm competition
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Data of sperm competition experiments between Lampetra planeri and L. fluviatilis
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Data from: Sisters’ curse: sexually antagonistic effects constrain the spread of a mitochondrial haplogroup superior in sperm competition
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Data from: Socially cued seminal fluid gene expression mediates responses in ejaculate quality to sperm competition risk
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Data from: High-protein paternal diet confers an advantage to sons in sperm competition
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Data from: Sperm competition and the evolution of precopulatory weapons: Increasing male density promotes sperm competition and reduces selection on arm strength in a chorusing frog
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Data from: Genotype-by-environment interactions for seminal fluid expression and sperm competitive ability
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Sperm competition risk affects ejaculate strategy in terms of sperm number but not sperm size in squid
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Data from: Temporal dynamics of competitive fertilization in social groups of red junglefowl (Gallus gallus) shed new light on avian sperm competition
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Data from: The heritability of mating behaviour in a fly and its plasticity in response to the threat of sperm competition
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