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Fig. 14 in Pseudopolydora (Annelida: Spionidae) from the Arabian Gulf, Kuwait

Fig. 14. Adult characteristics of Pseudopolydora kuwaiti sp. nov. A. Relationships between number of yellow bands on palp and total number of chaetigers. B. Relationships between distribution of branchiae (referring to number of the last branchiate chaetiger) and total number of chaetigers. C. Relationships between caruncle length (in chaetiger numbers) and total number of chaetigers, and distribution of pennoned capillaries in notopodia (referring to number of the last chaetiger with pennoned capillaries) and total number of chaetigers. D. Relationships between distribution of gametes (referring to number of the first and the last chaetigers with gametes) and total number of chaetigers.

Fig. 11 in Pseudopolydora (Annelida: Spionidae) from the Arabian Gulf, Kuwait

Fig. 11. Adult morphology of Pseudopolydora auha sp. nov., holotype (MIMB 40907), formalin-fixed and stained with MG). A. Anterior end, dorsal view. B. Posterior chaetigers, ventral view. C. Posterior end, left lateral view. D. Notopodium of chaetiger 5. E. Notochaetae of chaetiger 5. F. A series of hooded hooks from neuropodium of chaetiger 12. Abbreviations: arrow showing the direction towards the inside of the U-shaped row of spines of chaetiger 5; an = anterior-row spine from notopodium of chaetiger 5; no = notopodial postchaetal lamella; po = posterior-row spine from notopodium of chaetiger 5; su = dorsal superior capillary chaetae. Scale bars: A = 100 µm; B–D = 50 µm; E–F = 20 µm.

Fig. 7 in Pseudopolydora (Annelida: Spionidae) from the Arabian Gulf, Kuwait

Fig. 7. Adult morphology of Pseudopolydora antennata (Claparède, 1868) (live individuals). A–B. MIMB 40895. C–D. MIMB 40897. E–F. MIMB 40899. A. Anterior end, semi-pressed, dorsal view, showing arrangement of glandular pouches in neuropodia. B. Chaetigers 6–7, semi-squashed, dorsal view, showing double glandular pouches in each neuropodium. C. Middle chaetigers, dorsal view, showing paired gatherings of glandular cells on the dorsum. D–F. Female fertile chaetigers, dorsal view, showing distal parts of paired nephridia opening to a common middorsal nephridiopore on each chaetiger. Abbreviations: ga = gatherings of glandular cells; gl = glandular pouches in neuropodia; ne = nephridia in female fertile chaetigers; oo = oocytes; po = nephridiopore. Scale bars: A = 200 µm; B–F = 100 µm.

Fig. 2 in Pseudopolydora (Annelida: Spionidae) from the Arabian Gulf, Kuwait

Fig. 2. Majority rule consensus tree of the Bayesian inference analysis of the combined 16S (234 bp), 18S (1639 bp), 28S (294 bp), and Histone 3 (306 bp) sequences (2473 bp in total) of Pseudopolydora spp. rooted with sequences of Polydorella dawydoffi Radashevsky, 1996. Posterior probabilities are shown on the branches. The numbers without letters preceding collecting locations are unique numbers from the VIR database linking the individuals on the tree with the sampling data in Table 1 and Supp. Table ESM1. Pseudopolydora complexes are defined by unique sets of characters shared by the species.

Fig. 5. Adult characteristics ofPseudopolydora spp. from theArabian Gulf, Kuwait.A–C in Pseudopolydora (Annelida: Spionidae) from the Arabian Gulf, Kuwait

Fig. 5. Adult characteristics ofPseudopolydora spp. from theArabian Gulf, Kuwait.A–C. Pseudopolydora antennata (Claparède, 1868). D. P. arabica Radashevsky & Al-Kandari, 2020. E. P. kuwaiti sp. nov. A. Relationships between caruncle length (in chaetiger numbers) and total number of chaetigers, and between distribution of branchiae (referring to number of the last branchiate chaetiger) and total number of chaetigers. B. Relationships between distribution of gametes (referring to number of the first and the last chaetigers with gametes) and total number of chaetigers. C–E. Relationships between distribution of branchiae (referring to number of the last branchiate chaetiger LBC divided by the total number of chaetigers TNC) and total number of chaetigers.

Fig. 1 in Pseudopolydora (Annelida: Spionidae) from the Arabian Gulf, Kuwait

Fig. 1. Maps showing records (yellow circles) and type localities (stars) of Pseudopolydora spp. from the Arabian Gulf, Kuwait (see Supp. Table ESM1). A. P. antennata (Claparède, 1868). B. P. arabica Radashevsky & Al-Kandari, 2020 (red star = type locality: Al-Salmiya, Kuwait). C. P. kuwaiti sp. nov. (red star = type locality: Al-Judailiat). D. Yellow star = type locality of Pseudopolydora auha sp. nov.: Auha Is.; red star = type locality of P. melanopalpa sp. nov.: Sulaibikhat Bay; green star = type locality of Pseudopolydora multispinosa sp. nov.: Al-Salmiya, Kuwait.

Fig. 4 in Pseudopolydora (Annelida: Spionidae) from the Arabian Gulf, Kuwait

Fig. 4. Adult morphology of Pseudopolydora antennata (Claparède, 1868) (live individuals). A. MIMB 40895. B–C, E. MIMB 40897. D. MIMB 40899. F. MIMB 40896. A–B, D. Anterior ends, dorsal view. C. Anterior end, left lateral view. E. Posterior end, dorsal view. F. Middle stalk chaetigers regenerating seven anterior chaetigers, dorsal view. Abbreviations: oc = occipital antenna. Scale bars: A–B, F = 200 µm; C–E = 10 µm.

Fig. 5 in Polydora and Dipolydora (Polychaeta: Spionidae) associated with molluscs on the south coast of South Africa, with descriptions of two new species

Fig. 5. Polydora dinthwanyana sp. n., SAMC A60067: (A) dorsal anterior; (B) dorsal posterior; (C) hooded hook; (D) chaetiger 5, from left to right: long bilimbate companion chaeta, ventral view of modified spine, modified spines from different angles; (E) cross-section of chaetiger 8. Scale bars: A = 0.1 mm, B = 0.5 mm, C–D = 0.02 mm, E = 0.05 mm.

Fig. 3 in Polydora and Dipolydora (Polychaeta: Spionidae) associated with molluscs on the south coast of South Africa, with descriptions of two new species

Fig. 3. Dipolydora keulderae sp. n., SAMC A60060: (A) dorsal anterior; (B–D) chaetiger 5: (B) winged companion chaeta, (C) modified spines on chaetiger 5 with collar on convex side, the collar may be worn and appear as a line in more worn spines, as in the spine on the right, (D) long notochaeta; (E) pygidium with four lobes; dorsal pair smaller than ventral; (F) from left to right, hooded hooks, from anterior, late middle and posterior chaetigers. Scale bars: A = 0.05 mm, B–F = 0.02 mm.

Fig. 1 in Polydora and Dipolydora (Polychaeta: Spionidae) associated with molluscs on the south coast of South Africa, with descriptions of two new species

Fig. 1. Locations of the sample sites along the southern coast. Additional sites on the north-east and west coasts denote where Polydora-type worms were found in other studies and are referred to in the text.

Fig. 4 in Polydora and Dipolydora (Polychaeta: Spionidae) associated with molluscs on the south coast of South Africa, with descriptions of two new species

Fig. 4. Dipolydora keulderae sp. n., the relationships between number of branchiate chaetigers / chaetigers with unidentate hooks and total number of chaetigers.

Figure 1 in The population dynamics and reproduction of Streblospio gynobranchiata (Annelida, Spionidae), an alien polychaete worm, in the Sevastopol Bay (the Black Sea)

Figure 1. Seasonal dynamics of the average abundance of spionid polychaetes S. gynobranchiata in the innermost part of the Sevastopol Bay (2006–2007).

Figure 2 in The population dynamics and reproduction of Streblospio gynobranchiata (Annelida, Spionidae), an alien polychaete worm, in the Sevastopol Bay (the Black Sea)

Figure 2. Multi-annual dynamics of the average abundance of S. gynobranchiata in the Sevastopol Bay (2007–2013).

Figure 4. S in The population dynamics and reproduction of Streblospio gynobranchiata (Annelida, Spionidae), an alien polychaete worm, in the Sevastopol Bay (the Black Sea)

Figure 4. S. gynobranchiata: А, a body fragment of an egg-carrying female; В, a 3–chaetiger larva just hatched from egg capsule; С, a 3–chaetiger larva on the 2nd day; D, a 5–chaetiger larva equipped with anal cirri; E, a 9–chaetiger larva; F, a 13–chaetiger larva making a tube. Scale: А- F – 100 µm.

Figure 3 in The population dynamics and reproduction of Streblospio gynobranchiata (Annelida, Spionidae), an alien polychaete worm, in the Sevastopol Bay (the Black Sea)

Figure 3. Distribution of polychaete worms S. gynobranchiata (density in ind.·m-2) in the Sevastopol Bay: A – in 2007; B – in 2008; C – in 2013.

Fig. 2 in Morphology and phylogeny of a new polychaete, Prionospio expansa (Annelida: Spionidae) from the intertidal zone of the Yellow Sea, Korea

Fig. 2. Drawing of Prionospio expansa sp. nov., paratype (NIBRIV0000900992). A. Anterior body without palps. B–E. Parapodium from chaetigers 2–5, front view. F. Unilimbate capillary from first notopodium. G. Ventral sabre chaeta from chaetiger 12. H. Neuropodial hooded hook from chaetiger 17. Scale bars: A = 0.2 mm; B–E = 0.1 mm; F–H = 20 μm.

Fig. 4 in Morphology and phylogeny of a new polychaete, Prionospio expansa (Annelida: Spionidae) from the intertidal zone of the Yellow Sea, Korea

Fig. 4. SEM images of two Prionospio species from Korean waters. A–I. Prionospio expansa sp. nov. A–B, D–F. Paratype (NIBRIV0000901890). C, G–I. Paratype (NIBRIV0000901891). J–K. Korean Prionospio japonica Okuda, 1935, non-type. A. Entire body without palp, dorsal view. B. Anterior end with seven chaetigers, dorsolateral view. C. Anterior end with eight chaetigers, dorsal view. D. Anterior end, front view. E. Frontal margin of prostomium, arrows indicating frontal small peaks. F. Pygidium with middorsal cirrus and paired ventral lappets. G. Hook of middle chaetiger, hood removed, lateral view. H. Hook of posterior chaetiger, lateral view. I. Hook of posterior chaetiger, ventrolateral view. J. Anterior end with seven chaetigers, dorsolateral view. K. Pygidium. Abbreviation: tcb = transverse ciliated bands. Scale bars: A = 0.5 mm; B–D = 0.1 mm; E = 10 μm; F = 20 μm; G = 2 μm; H–I = 1 μm; J–K = 0.2 mm.

Fig. 3 in Morphology and phylogeny of a new polychaete, Prionospio expansa (Annelida: Spionidae) from the intertidal zone of the Yellow Sea, Korea

Fig. 3. Images of Prionospio expansa sp. nov. A, C. Holotype (NIBRIV0000900991). B. Paratype (NIBRIV0000901000). D–J. Paratype (NIBRIV0000900992). A. Entire body with palps. B. Live specimen, dorsolateral view. C. Anterior end with palps, dorsal view. D. Anterior end without palps, dorsal view. E. Chaetiger 2, front view, branchia missing. F. Chaetiger 3, front view. G. Chaetiger 5, front view. H. Unilimbate capillary of first monopodium. I. Sabre chaeta of chaetiger 12. J. Lateral view of hooded hook in chaetiger 17, inset indicating front view of hooded hook. Abbreviation: pig = pigmentation. Scale bars: A = 0.5 mm; B–D = 0.2 mm; E–G = 50 μm; H–I = 20 μm; J = 10 μm.

Fig. 1 in Morphology and phylogeny of a new polychaete, Prionospio expansa (Annelida: Spionidae) from the intertidal zone of the Yellow Sea, Korea

Fig. 1. Map of the sampling sites and habitat of Prionospio expansa sp. nov. A. Map of sampling locations: type locality (red star) and other examined specimens collected (black circle). B. General view of type locality. C. Live worm inhabiting sandy sediment, scale bar: 5 mm.

Fig. 5 in Morphology and phylogeny of a new polychaete, Prionospio expansa (Annelida: Spionidae) from the intertidal zone of the Yellow Sea, Korea

Fig. 5. Relationships between the total chaetigers and the first appearances of neuro- and notopodial hooks in Prionospio expansa sp. nov.