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11,394 results for “Surveys”
Adult Population Survey of Hemlock Woolly Adelgid in Massachusetts 2003-2005
To effectively document insect presence and abundance a statistically based sampling plan is necessary. No such plan for the hemlock woolly adelgid is currently available in the published literature. Two interrelated sampling strategies allow a researcher to enter a site and determine with a given level of probability whether or not an HWA infestation is present and the level of infestation. A ground based sampling plan is also critical to the ‘ground truthing’ of aerial survey systems. A fully developed sampling plan requires relatively extensive datasets obtained over time, and may include the use of computer-generated data obtained through re-sampling techniques. The results obtained through the Harvard Forest Summer Research Program should provide a firm foundation for further development of an HWA sampling program. Data collection is on-going.
Survey of Native American Archaeological Sites in Massachusetts 12000-300 BP
The interpretation that pre-contact Native American land-use played an increasing role in landscape dynamics through the Holocene is prevalent in historical, scientific and popular literature. This exerts a strong influence on modern conservation practices especially the use of prescribed fire (Cronon 1984, Abrams 2002, Pyne 1984, Mann 2002) and yet there has never been a robust analysis of relevant archaeological and paleoecological data on the subject. This data is used in the archaeological component of a larger National Science Foundation (NSF)-funded research project intended to analyze the triggers and drivers of ecosystem dynamics. More specifically, the research aims to determine the role of human activity (fire, land clearance, horticulture) in shaping vegetation dynamics. Some of the alternative hypotheses examined in the archaeological analysis include: (1) do we see progressively intensive cultural development and increasingly intensive land use throughout the pre-Contact period?; (2) do we see cultural continuity with fairly passive responses to environmental change and minimal ecological impact of people?; or (3) is cultural adaptation environmental and/or cultural specific, with clear influence of human agency? Our collaborative ecological and social research (Duranleau 2009, Foster and Aber 2004, Chilton et al. 2010) position us to undertake such a regional synthesis as one critical element of the proposed study on ecological dynamics and regime shifts. This synthesis will allow us to consider basic ecological questions concerning interactions among climate, disturbance and human activity in ecosystem dynamics; provide a landscape and regional test of a hypothesis put forth by Munoz et al. (2010) concerning the link between environmental change and cultural development in northeastern North America; and position our archaeological community to apply new ecological perspectives to their research. The archaeological component is derived from intensive
Social Network Survey of Forest Landowners in New Hampshire and Vermont 2010
Forests provide invaluable services, and nationally a significant portion of them are owned by millions of individual, private decision makers. Butler (2008) reports that the vast majority of owners (92%, representing 87% of all family forest lands) make management decisions for their land on their own, with a very small minority relying on the advice of professional foresters. Nationally, Butler (2008) goes on to report that 4 % of family forest owners (representing 17% of family forest land) have a professionally prepared management plan for their lands. It is clear that family forests are important, yet millions of owners are apparently not making decisions on the basis of professional advice. Our goal was to improve our understanding of who landowners seek information from when making decisions about their forestland. More specifically, our objective was to explore the possible role of egocentric social networks that landowners may rely upon for information when making a decision. Can we estimate their composition, the possible role of professionals, and the nature of the relationships, in terms of involvement, helpfulness, and trust? Finally, we explored landowner egocentric networks in two similar and adjacent states (Vermont and New Hampshire) that have different programmatic approaches to reaching landowners. Do these result in different ways that landowners acquire information? Using two different approaches through a mail survey methodology, we assessed the extent to which private woodland owners are connected to other people, the degree to which they are considered information sources, and the nature of their decision making behavior. Respondents consistently report valuable connections to non-professionals. They similarly report nominal contact to public foresters, whose role is to inspire prudent forest stewardship on privately held lands. This minimal contact is consistent in two different states with rather different programmatic goals (e.g., educatio
Harvard Forest Summer Research Program in Ecology Pre/Post Survey 2006-2015
Program Context Since its inception in 1985, when a single undergraduate worked on a study of old-growth forests, the Harvard Forest Summer Research Program in Ecology (HF-SRPE) has developed into a thriving and well-coordinated program that is central to the educational and research mission of the biological field station. With core support since 1993 from a succession of NSF REU Site awards and NSF REU supplements, and with additional funding from Harvard University, HF-SRPE has grown to support 20-30 undergraduate students annually. Students are mentored by principle investigators and senior scientists in conducting research in ecology, soil science, paleoecology, wildlife biology, conservation biology, and atmospheric sciences. The research conducted by our HF-SRPE students contributes substantially to long-term scientific investigations supported by NSF’s Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) and National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON), NASA Earth System Science Pathfinder (ESSP) – Earth Ventures (EV) programs, The Smithsonian Institution’s ForestGEO network of plots, and Department of Energy’s (DOE) National Institute for Global Environmental Change (NIGEC). The overarching objectives of the program are to: enhance the ability of students to undertake high-quality interdisciplinary research; build teams of researchers in which students bring different strengths to the table, collaborate on cutting-edge projects, and find their own intellectual “voice”; encourage students to link fundamental and applied issues in their research; and cultivate the next generation of ecological scientists and educators that reflects the diversity of backgrounds and experiences of students in the United States. Problem Statement Starting in 2005 the National Science Foundation (NSF), as one of the largest funders of undergraduate research programs, began emphasizing the use of project evaluations to both qualitatively and quantitatively measure the success of REU programs (R
Harvard Forest Summer Research Program in Ecology Alumni Survey 2013-2015
Program Context Since its inception in 1985, when a single undergraduate worked on a study of old-growth forests, the Harvard Forest Summer Research Program in Ecology (HF-SRPE) has developed into a thriving and well-coordinated program that is central to the educational and research mission of the biological field station. With core support since 1993 from a succession of NSF REU Site awards and NSF REU supplements, and with additional funding from Harvard University, HF-SRPE has grown to support 20-30 undergraduate students annually. Students are mentored by principle investigators and senior scientists in conducting research in ecology, soil science, paleoecology, wildlife biology, conservation biology, and atmospheric sciences. The research conducted by our HF-SRPE students contributes substantially to long-term scientific investigations supported by NSF’s Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) and National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON), NASA Earth System Science Pathfinder (ESSP) – Earth Ventures (EV) programs, The Smithsonian Institution’s ForestGEO network of plots, and Department of Energy’s (DOE) National Institute for Global Environmental Change (NIGEC). The overarching objectives of the program are to: enhance the ability of students to undertake high-quality interdisciplinary research; build teams of researchers in which students bring different strengths to the table, collaborate on cutting-edge projects, and find their own intellectual “voice”; encourage students to link fundamental and applied issues in their research; and cultivate the next generation of ecological scientists and educators that reflects the diversity of backgrounds and experiences of students in the United States. Problem Statement Starting in 2005 the National Science Foundation (NSF), as one of the largest funders of undergraduate research programs, began emphasizing the use of project evaluations to both qualitatively and quantitatively measure the success of REU programs (R
Community and Conservation Survey in Urban, Suburban and Rural Massachusetts 2013-2018
The dynamics of forest cover and the ecosystem services they provide are shaped by the land use and management decisions of thousands of individual landowners and the land use planning and conservation actions of towns and environmental organizations. Through an interdisciplinary investigation of the land use and forest conservation practices across two urban-to-rural transects between Boston and Central Massachusetts, we investigated the complex and coupled socio-ecological processes that shape the structure, function, and transformation of forested landscapes and how examine these processes may vary along urban-to-rural gradients. The survey data archived here is one element of this larger coupled natural-human systems project. The Community and Conservation Survey collected data regarding landowners’ attitudes and management practices on a variety of issues linked to conservation and the use of their own land. The objectives were to collect data that (a) increase our understanding of how landowners’ attitudes and behaviors vary across urban-to-rural gradients and (b) can be coupled with biogeochemical measurements across the study region to model variation in management behaviors.
Survey of Family Forest Owners Regarding Invasive Insects in the Connecticut River Watershed 2017
Forest insects have significant direct impacts on forest ecosystems; they are also generating new risks, uncertainties, and opportunities for forest landowners. Our research objective is to understand: (1) whether and how insect infestations are shifting land-use regimes in New England by altering human decision-making, (2) how these changes to human decisions may affect regional forest ecosystems and the provisioning of select ecosystem services, and (3) how subsequent changes to forest ecosystems, in turn, affect landowners. The dataset is a result of gathering information from a random sample of family forest owners (FFOs) in the Connecticut River Watershed; FFOs own approximately half of the private forestland in the region. We collected information on characteristics and perceptions of these FFOs as well as their intentions for their land if faced with the presence or threat of invasive forest insects. To better understand FFO intentions, contingent behavior questions populate the conjoint analysis format of the questionnaire. These are the foundational data that form our further efforts to simulate the impacts of insect dynamics and landowner behavior on regional forest ecosystems, including forest carbon stores, forest structure and composition, and timber yields. One of our overarching hypotheses is that forest land-use change in response to insects will have greater near-term ecological consequences than climate change or insects by themselves.
Lymantria dispar Defoliation and Mortality Survey at the Quabbin Watershed in Central Massachusetts 2017-2022
For most of the 20th century, the invasive Lymantria dispar was the most serious insect threat to forests and shade trees in the northeastern United States, but outbreaks have been sporadic and light since 1989, after the successful establishment of a fungal pathogen, Entomophaga maimaiga. However, in 2016 a surprising new outbreak of Lymantria dispar began in southern New England, resulting in dramatic oak (Quercus spp.) mortality across thousands of forested hectares by 2018. In 2017, during the height of the outbreak, a rapid assessment of defoliation across 486 plots in six clusters (aka ‘hotspots’) across the Quabbin Watershed Forest in central Massachusetts was conducted. These sample points can be related to satellite-based defoliation estimates, and the tree and site data analyzed for predictors of defoliation severity. In 2022, we returned to 204 of these plots to assess oak mortality, understory vegetation, and oak regeneration.
Vascular Flora Surveys of Permanent Plots at the Harvard Farm at Harvard Forest since 2015
The objectives of this study were to: (1) Determine the species richness and cover of vascular flora in 27 permanent plots at the Harvard Farm (established in HF236). (2) Track any changes in species richness and species dominance in the plant communities at each plot over time. (3) Observe any changes in invasive species richness and cover over time. (4) Identify differences between plant community composition of plots in constant grazing, rotational grazing, and mowing areas. These data were collected by Harvard Forest interns and may include some misidentifications, but they should be considered accurate for larger scale analyses of changes in the density of growth forms and invasive species. For more accurate species-level information, please see data collected every five years by Glenn Motzkin (HF236 with data from 2014 and 2019).
Seedling Survey of the CTFS-ForestGEO Plot at Harvard Forest since 2017
Within a species, trees can vary in size by many orders of magnitude, from tiny seedlings to multi-ton adults. This intraspecific variation in tree size has important consequences for forest structure and function, as it governs patterns of tree abundance, growth rate and energy flux. Recent theoretical models make predictions about size-energy patterns of forests but available evidence indicates deviation from predictions for the smallest and largest trees. The goal of this project is to examine seedling and canopy tree demography at Harvard Forest and explore their theoretical implications. We will link early remote sensing data from the National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) with boots-on-the-ground measurements at Harvard Forest plots. We will also fit demographic models of the trees of this forest in transition.
Survey of Wild Bee Pollinators on Nyssa Sylvatica at Harvard Forest since 2021
Black gum (Nyssa sylvatica) is amongst the latest blooming canopy species to produce vast numbers of flowers and abundant nectar and pollen within forests of the Northeastern United States, a position previously held by the American Chestnut (Castanea dentata). Prior research indicates N. sylvatica is insect pollinated and wild bees have been observed visiting flowers; we are unaware, however, of any detailed surveys and/or characterization of the Nyssa-associated wild bee community in the Northeastern United States. Wild bee species frequent the canopy from early to late spring, presumably to forage, prior to being found in blooming crops such as apple and strawberry later in the season. The late bloom time of N. sylvatica (in early June) may extend floral resource availability in the temperate forest canopy and support forest-associated wild bee communities prior to the bloom of summer-flowering plant species.
Minneapolis-St. Paul Metro Area Residential Bee Lawn Survey, 2022
We surveyed Minneapolis-St. Paul (MSP) metropolitan region residents who have an interest in pollinators and pollinator habitat (e.g., bee lawns). Potential respondents were recruited from MSP pollinator-friendly email listservs. The survey was open from May 24, 2022 to June 30, 2022, and distributed to 494 individuals. Our final N, accounting for broken email addresses, non-responses, and less than 50% survey completion, is 256. The survey contains six categories of questions along with a set of panel data. Question categories include: home, yard, and lawn characteristics and observations; lawn care responsibilities and opinions; bee and bee lawn knowledge and opinions; formal and informal rules shaping lawn decisions; and lawn information sources, trust, authority, and advocacy. Survey respondents were primarily white, older, wealthy, and well-educated women. Our findings show that values influencing lawn management are primarily environmentally focused (e.g., pollinators, climate) rather than aesthetically focused (e.g., increases property values, fits neighborhood look). Generally, individuals reported that there are no—or they are unsure-- whether there are formal (e.g., ordinances), and informal (e.g., neighbor expectations) rules about lawn management. Respondents overwhelmingly report that University of Minnesota Extension is a highly trusted source of lawn management information. Finally, the majority of respondents promote or encourage alternative lawn management practices (e.g., bee lawns, pollinator gardens), primarily through informal activities (e.g., block parties, word of mouth).
North Temperate Lakes LTER: Northern Wisconsin Lake Resident Survey 2005, 2008, 2012
The purpose of this survey was to understand what lake characteristics people value most, what activities they enjoy most, and what they expect for the future of northern Wisconsin lakes. Questions covered aspects such as the property search process individuals went through leading up to their purchase of lakeshore property in Vilas County WI, what activities the individual's household participate in on lakes in Vilas County WI, their attitude about the future of their lake, their perception of the current state of their lake, and lake qualities they would like improved on their lake. Demographics of the respondents and background information about their lake were also collected. Two types of surveying methodologies were used for this survey, one being an internet-based survey, while the other was a mail survey. Surveys were conducted in 2005 and repeated in 2008.
Pika habitat occupancy survey data for Niwot Ridge and Green Lakes Valley, 2016 - ongoing
Long-term monitoring of habitat occupancy can reveal patterns of habitat use, population dynamics, and factors controlling species distribution. The American pika (Ochotona princeps), a small mammal found in rocky habitats throughout western North America, has been targeted for occupancy studies due to its relatively conspicuous behavior and its unusual adaptations for surviving long, cold winters without hibernation. These adaptations include an unusually high resting metabolic rate and maintenance of body temperatures near the lethal maximum for this species, which would appear to compromise the pika's ability to survive warmer summers. Recent monitoring as well as projections based on future climate scenarios have suggested this species is experiencing a period of range retraction due to warming summers and/or loss of insulating winter snow cover. Niwot Ridge is situated ideally to test competing hypotheses about the trajectory and drivers of pika range shift. The pika is still common throughout the Colorado Rockies, but published models differ markedly regarding projections of the pika’s future distribution in this region. Niwot Ridge has experienced warmer summers as well as shorter periods of insulating snow cover in recent years, and there is evidence that pikas are now less common than they once were in at least one area on the ridge. This study is designed to provide robust data on pika population trends through long-term monitoring of occupancy in a spatially balanced random sample of pika habitat patches centered on Niwot Ridge. Survey plots (n = 72) were selected according to a Generalized Random-Tessellation Stratified (GRTS) algorithm, stratified dichotomously by elevation, average annual snow accumulation (SWE), and probabilities of pika occurrence based on previous data. Each plot extends 12 m in radius from a GRTS point. To ensure that each plot contains at least 10% cover of talus, plot coordinates were adjusted (usually less than 50 m) or replaced
Survey data on attitudes towards salmon aquaculture industry in Norway, Iceland, and Tasmania (AU)
<p>The following data is from an online survey conducted in Norway, Tasmania (Australia), and Iceland. Respondents were recruited by survey companies that distributed e-mail invitations to their panels. A minimum respondent quotas was established for each region, with individuals under the age of 18 being exluded from participating in the survey. The dataset consists of a total of 2085 respondents, comprising 1183 participants from Norway, 406 from Tasmania, and 496 from Iceland. Questions were presented in their respective native language, namely Norwegian, English, and Icelandic.</p> <p>This survey data encompasses various aspects of perceptions of salmon aquaculture industry. Data was generated by the SoLic (Social License to operate for aquaculture) project (2019 - 2022), and funded by The Research Council of Norway (no. 295114). The survey was designed by the SoLic project group. </p> <p>The data and supplementary material is divided in 3 files:</p> <p>The raw survey data in .csv file format (Dataset Solic_2085 respondents.csv). The data file contains 71 variables and data from each of the 2085 respondents. Blank entries in the dataset indicate either a lack of response from the respondents or that specific questions were not applicable to certain respondents (questions exclusively posed to respondents in one country).</p> <p>Overview of survey questions and answer options (Survey.doc). The survey encompassed 28 questions related to the aquaculture industry, along with demographics, respondents’ knowledge of industry, trust in governance system, and environmental concerns. Some demographic variables were sourced from the existing panel data, while others were provided to respondents for their input.</p> <p>The codebook (Codebook.doc). The codebook provides explanations and details regarding all variables included in the survey data file. It includes coding information for each survey question, response options provided in the raw data, and further clarifies the purpose and origin of variables computed by the research group (e.g., variable on aquaculture municipality) or the survey company (e.g., weight variables for data from Norway and Iceland). When used in conjunction with the raw data, this codebook serves as a valuable guide for navigating the dataset. </p>
Long-term Agricultural Experiments: Data Management Survey
<p>Results of an online survey used to guage views of researchers within the LTE community on data management issues and knowledge. The survey was broken down in to 4 main questions and can be found at the following link - further responses are still welcome: <a href="https://forms.office.com/e/8DmapwLRr8" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://forms.office.com/e/8DmapwLRr8</a>.</p> <ul> <li>About your role</li> <li>Data management & sharing</li> <li>Describing LTEs and their data</li> <li>Challenges for data management & sharing </li> </ul> <p>At the time of publication, 55 responses had been recieved.</p> <p>The survey was developed in response to an LTE Conference Workshop held at Rothamsted Research, UK in June 2023.</p>
Prevalence and determinants of cardiovascular risk factors in Lesotho: a population-based survey
<p>These are pseudo-anonymised data from the ComBaCaL survey and belong to the manuscript "Prevalence and determinants of cardiovascular risk factors in Lesotho: a population-based survey" which can be found at <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/inthealth/ihad058">https://doi.org/10.1093/inthealth/ihad058</a>. </p> <p>The data dictionary explains the critical data available in the dataset. Between November 2021 and August 2022 , 6061 participants over 18 years old were visited in their households in two districts of Lesotho. </p>
City of Seattle, Seattle Public Utilities, Marbled Murrelet Baseline Surveys 2005-2007, Cedar River Municipal Watershed, King County, WA
From 2005 to 2007, Seattle Public Utilities (SPU) hired consultants to use ornithological radar and protocol audio-visual (AV) surveys to establish baseline information on the distribution and abundance of Marbled Murrelets (Brachyramphus marmoratus) in the Cedar River Municipal Watershed (CRMW), Washington. Across the three years, radar surveys were conducted on 100 mornings at 18 sites, and AV surveys on 92 mornings at 12 sites. The study recorded murrelet targets via radar in all years, with 65 detections in 2005, 89 in 2006, and 25 in 2007. Mean daily landward radar counts ranged between 0 and 4 per morning, and did not differ significantly across years. Although overall radar counts were low, high day-to-day variability was observed (coefficients of variation from 130% to 173%). Monte Carlo simulations showed that with repeated surveys using the same methods, the monitoring program could detect an annual increase of 2–3% in Marbled Murrelet abundance over approximately 25–50 years. AV surveys confirmed murrelet occupancy at two sites: the Rex River in 2005 and the South Fork Cedar River in 2006. No murrelets were detected by AV in 2007, though radar data suggested low-level murrelet presence at several additional sub-basins. The findings indicate that Marbled Murrelets occur at low densities in the CRMW, likely limited by both high inland distance and relatively sparse old-growth forest structure suitable for nesting. The four radar stations established and resampled during the study provide an opportunity for long-term monitoring, offering sufficient power to detect changes in murrelet activity as ongoing forest restoration efforts in the CRMW progress.
Bird surveys in French Broad River Basin, North Carolina, 2014
This dataset includes counts of birds from surveys conducted in the French Broad River Basin in western North Carolina, USA. This basin is in the Southern Appalachian Mountains. Data were collected to examine the spatial and seasonal supply of biodiversity-based cultural ecosystem services (CES), in this case, nature study through birdwatching. The data includes bird species observed at 69 sites on public and private lands during the period 2014-04-01 to 2014-08-08. Bird species were categorized with respect to migration status, level of conservation concern (both based on literature), and relative abundance in the study region (based on eBird data). Environmental data for 56 sites are provided: elevation, early season precipitation, mean summer temperature, land cover diversity, tree cover, vegetation structural diversity, vegetation annual productivity, and building density at local and landscape scales. Graves et al. (2019, doi:10.1007/s13280-018-1068-1) used these data to analyze seasonal shifts in birdwatching supply and how those shifts impacted public access to projected birdwatching hotspots. Landscape patterns of CES supply differed substantially among five CES indicators (total bird species richness, and richness of migratory, infrequent, synanthrope, and resident species). For example, total species richness hotspots seldom overlapped with hotspots of migratory or infrequent species. Public access to CES hotspots varied seasonally. This study suggests that simple, static biodiversity metrics may overlook spatial dynamics important to CES users.
Pre- and Post- construction snorkel surveys at the project and reach stretches, Yuba River, CA, 2014 through 2024
Cramer Fish Sciences (CFS), cbec, inc. ecoengineering, and South Yuba River Citizen’s League, funded and directed by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service’s Anadromous Fish Restoration Program (USFWS AFRP), teamed to plan, design, monitor, and perform regulatory compliance for the Hallwood Side Channel and Floodplain Restoration Project (Project) on the Yuba River, California. The Project is designed to restore and enhance ecosystem processes, with a primary focus on improving productive juvenile salmonid rearing habitat to increase natural production of fall and spring-run Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and steelhead O. mykiss in the Yuba River. The Project enhanced up to 157 acres of seasonally inundated riparian floodplain habitats, 1.7 miles of perennial side and alcove channels, and more than 6.1 miles of seasonal side channels. The design approach focused on removing unnatural constraints (such as a mid-river training wall and very coarse surface materials left from mining activities) in order to allow natural river and floodplain processes to function. Construction planning efforts included multi-year phasing to remove about 3.2 million cubic yards of material from the site while optimizing habitat establishment in early years and minimizing disturbance to existing high quality riparian and aquatic habitat. The Project included a robust monitoring program that measured the effect of restoration on a range of ecological parameters thought to influence salmonid habitat use and productivity and riparian ecosystem function using a Before-After-Control-Impact study framework. Specifically, we monitored salmonid and non-native predator density, juvenile salmonid growth and residence time, predation, invertebrate prey (drift) density and biomass, and changes in acreage of a range of habitat types, including terrestrial and aquatic vegetation. We also examined factors influencing natural riparian tree recruitment following restoration.
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OpenNeuro
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