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74 results for “Symmoriiformes”
Fig. 48 in The Braincase In Paleozoic Symmoriiform And Cladoselachian Sharks
Fig. 48. Reconstruction of the braincase in Cobelodus aculeatus, interpreted as tropibasic following comparison with the digital reconstruction of the ''Cobelodus'' neurocranium. A, dorsal view; B, ventral view; C, lateral view. The ''Cobelodus'' reconstruction was used as a template, and the shape and proportions were adjusted from features identified in dorsal and ventral views in X-rays and compression fossils. In lateral view, the braincase depth and positions of foramina in the back of the orbit were established from the cranial endocast.
Fig. 40 in The Braincase In Paleozoic Symmoriiform And Cladoselachian Sharks
Fig. 40. ''Cobelodus biscuit''; digitally flattened contour-based surface rendering (90% along the y axis, unaltered dimensions along x and z axes) for comparison with compression fossils. A, dorsal view; B, ventral view; C, slightly tilted lateral view.
Fig. 34. A, X in The Braincase In Paleozoic Symmoriiform And Cladoselachian Sharks
Fig. 34. A, X-ray of the head in a Pennsylvanian symmoriiform from the Fayetteville Shale of Arkansas, OUZC 5301. B, Same with orbit, palatoquadrate, and Meckel's cartilage outlined in white. Anterior to right. Large opaque structure running across the orbit is the palatoquadrate of the opposite side.
Fig. 52 in The Braincase In Paleozoic Symmoriiform And Cladoselachian Sharks
Fig. 52. Lateral view of AMNH 1734, a complete head referred to Stethacanthus altonensis, from the Sunbury Shale (5 ''Waverly Black Shale'', Tournaisian, Lower Mississippian) of Ohio. A, left side; B, right side. The specimen has a deep, round orbit, a deep postorbital otic process, and a slender palatine ramus. Scale bar 5 10 mm.
Fig. 57 in The Braincase In Paleozoic Symmoriiform And Cladoselachian Sharks
Fig. 57. Features of the head and braincase in Damocles serratus, from the Bear Gulch Limestone (Chesterian, late Pennsylvanian). All illustrations from Lund (1986) with annotations changed to agree with those used in this work and adjusted for scale. A, B, CM 35473. A, lateral view of head skeleton; B, lateral view of braincase. C, MV 7685, lateral view of braincase; D, CM 35472 (holotype), lateral view of braincase. Scale bar 5 5 mm (illustrations have been scaled according to information in original publication).
Fig. 12 in The Braincase In Paleozoic Symmoriiform And Cladoselachian Sharks
Fig. 12. Transverse CT scan slices through the orbit in the vicinity of the optic pedicel (arrowed). Star indicates bucco-hypophyseal fossa. A, ''Cobelodus'' FMNH PF 13242; B, Cladodoides; C, Notorynchus.
Fig. 11 in The Braincase In Paleozoic Symmoriiform And Cladoselachian Sharks
Fig. 11. FMNH PF 13242 (''Cobelodus''). Posterior view of contour-based surface rendering generated from CT-scan slices.
Fig. 10 in The Braincase In Paleozoic Symmoriiform And Cladoselachian Sharks
Fig. 10. FMNH PF 13242 (''Cobelodus''). Anterior view of contour-based surface rendering generated from CT-scan slices.
Fig. 9 in The Braincase In Paleozoic Symmoriiform And Cladoselachian Sharks
Fig. 9. FMNH PF 13242 (''Cobelodus''). Medial view made from sagittal section of contour-based surface rendering generated from CT-scan slices.
Fig. 8 in The Braincase In Paleozoic Symmoriiform And Cladoselachian Sharks
Fig. 8. FMNH PF 13242 (''Cobelodus''). Ventral view of contour-based surface rendering generated from CT-scan slices.
Fig. 5 in The Braincase In Paleozoic Symmoriiform And Cladoselachian Sharks
Fig. 5. Arkansas symmoriiform braincase FMNH PF 13242 (''Cobelodus''). A, dorsal view; B, ventral view; C, lateral view, right side. Scale bar 5 10 mm.
Fig. 2 in The Braincase In Paleozoic Symmoriiform And Cladoselachian Sharks
Fig. 2. Hypothetical contributions made by major embryonic cartilages in the chondrocranium of two Paleozoic sharks. A, an idealized symmoriiform (mainly based on ''Cobelodus'', but with ethmoid region after Stethacanthulus and Falcatus); B, Cladodoides wildungensis. Colors correspond to features in fig. 1. Not to scale.
Fig. 1 in The Braincase In Paleozoic Symmoriiform And Cladoselachian Sharks
Fig. 1. Approximate extent of contributions made by major embryonic cartilages in the adult chondrocranium of two modern sharks. A, Squalus acanthias (based on ontogenetic data); B, Chlamydoselachus anguineus (hypothesized). Not to scale.
Fig. 4 in The Braincase In Paleozoic Symmoriiform And Cladoselachian Sharks
Fig. 4. Left lateral views of the mandibular musculature in four modern dalatiiform sharks to show variation in the origin and extent of the preorbital (suborbital) muscle. A, Etmopterus spinax; B, Centroscyllium excelsum (preorbital muscle originates above ventral keel process in A and B); C, Trigonognathus kabeyai (preorbital muscle absent); D, Squaliolus laticaudus (preorbital muscle originates on interorbital septum). After shirai (1992), Shirai and Okamura (1992). Scale bar 5 10 mm.
Fig. 3 in The Braincase In Paleozoic Symmoriiform And Cladoselachian Sharks
Fig. 3. Left lateral and sagittal views of three modern dalatiiform elasmobranch braincases. A, B, Centroscyllium excelsum; C, D, Squaliolus laticaudus; E, F, Trigonognathus kabeyai. After Shirai (1992), Shirai and Okamura (1992). Scale bars 5 10 mm.
Fig. 7 in The Braincase In Paleozoic Symmoriiform And Cladoselachian Sharks
Fig. 7. FMNH PF 13242 (''Cobelodus''). Dorsal view of contour-based surface rendering generated from CT-scan slices.
Fig. 6 in The Braincase In Paleozoic Symmoriiform And Cladoselachian Sharks
Fig. 6. FMNH PF 13242 (''Cobelodus''). Lateral view of contour-based surface rendering generated from CT-scan slices.
FIG. 7 in A new operculate symmoriiform chondrichthyan from the Late Mississippian Fayetteville Shale (Arkansas, United States)
FIG. 7. — Consensus of eight most parsimonious trees. Bootstrap values are shown above branches; bootstrap values below 50 are not shown. New taxon Cosmoselachus n. gen. indicated by yellow highlight, holocephalan group and symmoriiform group indicated in differing shades of gray.
FIG. 5. — Cosmoselachus mehlingi n. gen., n in A new operculate symmoriiform chondrichthyan from the Late Mississippian Fayetteville Shale (Arkansas, United States)
FIG. 5. — Cosmoselachus mehlingi n. gen., n. sp., specimen AMNH FF 20509: A, cross section through the posterior half of the specimen, at the point indicated by the inset 3D reconstruction, showing multilayered opercular structure made of cartilaginous branchial rays, fused to one another. Layer of rays from the first branchial arch (behind the hyoid arch) indicated by the second-from-left arrowhead. The right-most arrowhead marks the second row of pharyngeal rays (first branchial arch); another layer (second branchial arch) can be found just beneath it (second arrowhead from the right). Hyoid operculum appears to fold at the arrowhead furthest to the left; B, longitudinal section of posterior half of AMNH FF 20509 showing hyoid operculum (right-most arrowhead) and additional elongate branchial rays (left two arrowheads). Anterior to left, slice location within the specimen indicated by 3D reconstruction in the upper right corner. Scale bars: 5 cm.
FIG. 3. — A in A new operculate symmoriiform chondrichthyan from the Late Mississippian Fayetteville Shale (Arkansas, United States)
FIG. 3. — A, Tooth families of Cosmoselachus n. gen. on the Meckel's cartilages, with denticles between tooth families. Teeth make contact but have no fused bases, dorsal oblique labial view; B, detail of tooth batteries in axial section, anterior to right, showing denticles between each tooth family, on the scalloped Meckel's cartilage. Abbreviations: d, denticles; mc, Meckel's cartilage; t, teeth. Scale bars: A, B, 4 cm; C, 2 mm.
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