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233 results for “Systemic change”
Density-dependent changes of mating system and family structure in Brandt's voles (Lasiopodomys brandtii)
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Data from: Climate change consequences for differential adult survival and the mating system of a temperate breeding shorebird
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Periprandial changes in brain serotonergic system and food intake related neuropeptides
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Size-selective mortality induces evolutionary changes in group risk-taking behavior and the circadian system in a fish
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Model output for: Attributing causes of future climate change in the California Current System with multi-model downscaling
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Data from: Genetic potential for changes in breeding systems: Predicted and observed trait changes during artificial selection for male and female allocation in a gynodioecious species
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Data from: Recurrent insect outbreaks caused by temperature-driven changes in system stability
Insect species often undergo regular outbreaks in population density, but identifying the causal mechanism for such outbreaks in any particular species has proven difficult. Here we show that outbreak cycles in the tea tortrix Adoxophyes honmai can be explained by temperature-driven changes in system stability. Wavelet analysis of a 51yr time series spanning over 200 outbreaks reveals a threshold in outbreak amplitude each spring when temperature exceeds 15°C, and a secession of outbreaks each fall as temperature decreases. This is in close agreement with our independently parameterized mathematical model that predicts the system crosses a Hopf bifurcation from stability to sustained cycles as temperature increases. These results suggest that temperature can alter system stability and provide an explanation for generation cycles in multivoltine insects.
Data from: Genetic changes caused by restocking and hydroelectric dams in demographically bottlenecked brown trout in a transnational subarctic riverine system
Habitat discontinuity, anthropogenic disturbance, and overharvesting have led to population fragmentation and declines worldwide. Preservation of remaining natural genetic diversity is crucial to avoid continued genetic erosion. Brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) is an ideal model species for studying anthropogenic influences on genetic integrity, as it has experienced significant genetic alterations throughout its natural distribution range due to habitat fragmentation, overexploitation, translocations, and stocking. The Pasvik River is a subarctic riverine system shared between Norway, Russia and Finland, subdivided by seven hydroelectric power dams that destroyed about 70% of natural spawning and nursing areas. Stocking is applied in certain river parts to support the natural brown trout population. Adjacent river segments with different management strategies (stocked versus not stocked) facilitated the simultaneous assessment of genetic impacts of dams and stocking based on analyses of 16 short tandem repeat loci. Dams were expected to increase genetic differentiation between and reduce genetic diversity within river sections. Contrastingly, stocking was predicted to promote genetic homogenization and diversity, but also potentially lead to loss of private alleles and to genetic erosion. Our results showed comparatively low heterozygosity and clear genetic differentiation between adjacent sections in non-stocked river parts, indicating that dams prevent migration and contribute to genetic isolation and loss of genetic diversity. Furthermore, genetic differentiation was low and heterozygosity relatively high across stocked sections. However, in stocked river sections, we found signatures of recent bottlenecks and reductions in private alleles, indicating that only a subset of individuals contribute to reproduction, potentially leading to divergence away from the natural genetic state. Taken together, these results indicate that stocking counteracts the negative fragmentation effects of dams, but also that stocking practices should be planned carefully in order to ensure long-term preservation of natural genetic diversity and integrity in brown trout and other species in regulated river systems.
Data from: Systemic inflammation during midlife and cognitive change over 20 years: the ARIC study
Objective: To examine the association between systemic inflammation measured during midlife and 20-year cognitive decline. Methods: Within the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities cohort study, inflammatory biomarkers were measured during middle adulthood. We created an inflammation composite score using four blood biomarkers measured at Visit 1 (fibrinogen, white blood cell count, von Willebrand factor, and Factor VIII); we measured C-reactive protein (CRP) at Visit 2. Cognition was assessed over three visits spanning 20 years using measures of memory, executive function, and language. Results: 12,336 participants (baseline age 56.8 [5.7], 21% black, 56% women) were included. After adjusting for demographic variables, vascular risk factors and comorbidities, each standard deviation (SD) increase in midlife inflammation composite score was associated with an additional 20-year decline of -0.035 SD (95% CI: -0.062, -0.007) on the cognitive composite score. We found a similar association between each SD increase in midlife CRP level and additional 20-year cognitive decline (-0.038 SD, 95% CI: -0.057, -0.019). Participants with a midlife inflammation composite score in the top quartile had a 7.8% steeper cognitive decline, compared to participants in the lowest quartile; CRP in the top quartile was associated with an 11.6% steeper cognitive decline. In cognitive domain-specific analyses, elevated midlife inflammatory markers were most consistently associated with declines in memory. Results were similar after adjusting for attrition using inverse probability weighting. Conclusions: Our findings highlight what may be an early pathogenic role for systemic inflammation as a driver of cognitive decline in the decades leading up to older adulthood.
Climate change, sex reversal, and lability of sex determining systems
Sex reversal at high temperatures during embryonic development (e.g. ZZ females) provides the opportunity for new genotypic crosses (e.g. ZZ male x ZZ female). This raises the alarming possibility that climatic warming could lead to the loss of an entire chromosome – one member of the sex chromosome pair (the Y or W) – and the transition of populations to environmental sex determination (ESD). Here we examine the evolutionary dynamics of sex-determining systems exposed to climatic warming using theoretical models. We found that the loss of sex chromosomes is not an inevitable consequence of sex reversal. A large frequency of ZZ sex reversal (50% reversal from male to female) typically divides the outcome between loss of the ZW genotype and the stable persistence of ZZ males, ZW females, and ZZ females. The amount of warming associated with sex chromosome loss depended on several features of wild populations – environmental fluctuation, immigration, heritable variation in temperature sensitivity, and differential fecundity of sex-reversed individuals. Chromosome loss was partially or completely buffered when sex-reversed individuals suffered a reproductive fitness cost, when immigration occurred, or when heritable variation for temperature sensitivity existed. Thus, under certain circumstances, sex chromosomes may persist cryptically in systems where the environment is the predominant influence on sex.
Raw data for "Application of biological early warning systems in wastewater treatment plants: Introducing a promising approach to monitor changing wastewater composition"
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SI-B for "Application of biological early warning systems in wastewater treatment plants: Introducing a promising approach to monitor changing wastewater composition"
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Dataset of the paper: A first-year melon/cowpea intercropping system improves soil nutrients and changes the soil microbial community
<p>Dataset and raw data</p>
Climate change reshapes the eco-evolutionary dynamics of a Neotropical seed dispersal system
<p><b>Aim</b>: Global changes will redistribute biodiversity, reshaping ecological interactions and ecosystem processes. The distribution decoupling of plants and their mutualistic seed dispersers, for instance, may have overlooked eco-evolutionary effects. How animal-dispersed plants will respond to changes in the distribution of their seed dispersers is, however, an open question. Here, we forecast the consequences of climate change and frugivory interactions for the spatial distribution and seed size evolution of a Neotropical palm.</p> <p><b>Location</b>: Atlantic forests of South America</p> <p><b>Time period</b>: Present day, end of 21st Century</p> <p><b>Major taxa studied: </b>Thirty-two species of frugivorous birds, and a palm (<i>Euterpe edulis</i>). </p> <p><b>Methods</b>: Future patterns of animal-plant co-occurrence were derived from ecological niche models, climate forecasts, projections of future forest loss, and seed dispersal simulations. We further explored the evolutionary effect of the spatial reorganization of interactions by modelling palm seed sizes as function of changes in the distribution of frugivore traits.</p> <p><b>Results</b>: Our models indicate that future climate change and deforestation may reduce the palm's suitable distribution by 20-50%. However, our simulations suggest that 66% of all remaining future suitable distribution (76.200 km²) would still be inaccessible to the palm without the active dispersal of seeds by frugivores. In addition, novel frugivore communities are projected to have smaller body mass and gape size (-23% and -10%, respectively), due to the loss of large frugivores, which may translate into a 6–17% reduction of seed sizes across the palm's remaining distribution.</p> <p><b>Main conclusion</b>: Our projections indicate that frugivore seed dispersal may be critical to allow occupancy of future habitat by the studied plant. However, loss of large frugivores may affect trait selection regimes, creating hotspots of plant evolution towards smaller seeds. We argue that such complex dynamics from species-specific responses to global change may drive the distribution and evolution of several interacting partners worldwide.</p>
MAgPIE model runs outputs: Climate change-driven global land-use system adaptation under CMIP6-based crop model projections
<p>Each folder contains the fulldata.gdx and the configuration files for each MAgPIE run based on the nine crop impact models and 5 gcms used in the paper.</p>
Replication package for: Does Pricing Carbon Mitigate Climate Change? Firm-Level Evidence from the European Union Emissions Trading System
<p>This package contains three folders: the Code folder, Results (or output) folder and the data folder. It also contains a document README.pdf . </p> <p>Part of the codes can be run with the data provided in the data folder, and have _outofbox in their name. Others can only run with confidential data - all details are provided in the README.pdf file.</p> <p>These are for the paper:</p> <p>Colmer, J., R. Martin, M. Muûls, and U.J. Wagner. Does Pricing Carbon Mitigate Climate Change? Firm-Level Evidence from the European Union Emissions Trading System</p>
Supplementary Datasets for 'Reducing climate change impacts from the global food system through diet shifts'
<p>Supplementary Datasets for <em>Reducing climate change impacts from the global food system through diet shifts.</em></p>
Understanding the Implications of Changes to Build Systems (Replication Package)
<p>Online appendix for <em>"Understanding the Implications of Changes to Build</em> Systems", in the Proceedings of the International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE), 2023. </p>
Data for "Mitigation strategies can alleviate power system vulnerability to climate change and extreme weather: A case study on the Italian grid"
<p>Data employed for the paper "Mitigation strategies can alleviate power system vulnerability to climate change and extreme weather: A case study on the Italian grid"<br><br>Abstract<br>This study explores compounding impacts of climate change on power system's load and generation, emphasising the need to integrate adaptation and mitigation strategies into investment planning. We combine existing and novel empirical evidence to model impacts on: i) air-conditioning demand; ii) thermal power outages; iii) hydro-power generation shortages. Using a power dispatch and capacity expansion model, we analyse the Italian power system's response to these climate impacts in 2030, integrating mitigation targets and optimising for cost-efficiency at an hourly resolution. We outline different meteorological scenarios to explore the impacts of both average climatic changes and the intensification of extreme weather events. We find that addressing extreme weather in power system planning will require an extra 5-8 GW of photovoltaic (PV) capacity, on top of the 50 GW of the additional solar PV capacity required by the mitigation target alone. Despite the higher initial investments, we find that the adoption of renewable technologies, especially PV, alleviates the power system's vulnerability to climate change and extreme weather events. In fact, renewable energy sources are generally less vulnerable to the impacts of climate change, such as rising temperatures and shifting precipitation patterns, compared to thermal power and hydropower generation. Furthermore, enhancing short-term storage with lithium-ion batteries is crucial to counterbalance the reduced availability of dispatchable hydro generation.</p>
Response of phosphorus burial and post-depositional diagenesis to postglacial climate change in the coastal system
<p><strong>The dataset includes geochemical data comprising major elements, TOC and TN, phosphorus and iron speciation, and EDS analysis results, as used in the manuscript titled "Response of phosphorus burial and post-depositional diagenesis to postglacial climate change in the coastal system".</strong></p>
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.