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269 results for “THaWS”
Effects of permafrost thaw on nitrogen availability and plant-soil interactions in a boreal Alaskan lowland: V - Isotape Data 2013
This dataset examines shifts in foliar del N 15 concentations for three plant species found across a lowland boreal permafrost thaw chronosequence. Data was collected in 2013 at the APEX Beta and forested study plots, located adjacent to the BNZ experimental forest.
Effects of permafrost thaw on nitrogen availability and plant-soil interactions in a boreal Alaskan lowland: VI - Soil Nitrogen Pools
This dataset examines shifts in soil N and extractable soil pore water chemistry along a lowland boreal permafrost thaw chronosequence. Data was collected in 2013 at the APEX Beta and forested study plots, located adjacent to the BNZ experimental forest. Measured parameters include: dissolved inorganic N, dissolved organic N, free amino acids, total dissolved N, C:N of soil material, soil bulk density, soil N concentration, soil C concentrations, volumetric soil moisture. Soil pore water samples were collected every three to four weeks from late June to late September, 2013 for a total of five sampling events, while soil cores were collected in late July 2013 for physical characterstics and soil C and N concentrations.
Trace metal, ion, and nutrient concentrations in aeolian samples subjected to experimental freeze-thaw cycles, collected from Taylor Valley, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica (2013-2016)
This data package contains measurements of trace metal, ion, and nutrient concentrations in aeolian samples collected from several locations throughout Taylor Valley in the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica during the 2013-2014, 2014-2015, and 2015-2016 austral summers. Samples were collected by the McMurdo Dry Valleys Long Term Ecological Research Program (MCM LTER) using Big Spring Number Eight (BSNE) isokinetic wind samplers located at Explorer’s Cove, Lake Fryxell at F6, East Lake Bonney, and Taylor Glacier. Samples were then subjected to experimental freeze-thaw cycles in a controlled laboratory setting to simulate supraglacial weathering processes and then analyzed to understand how freeze-thaw cycles affect nutrient, ion, and trace metal concentrations over time.
Data from: Microsite conditions in retrogressive thaw slumps may facilitate increased seedling recruitment in the Alaskan Low Arctic
In Low Arctic tundra, thermal erosion of ice-rich permafrost soils (thermokarst) has increased in frequency since the 1980s. Retrogressive thaw slumps (RTS) are thermokarst disturbances forming large open depressions on hillslopes through soil wasting and vegetation displacement. Tall (> 0.5 m) deciduous shrubs have been observed in RTS a decade after disturbance. RTS may provide conditions suitable for seedling recruitment, which may contribute to arctic shrub expansion. We quantified in situ seedling abundance, and size and viability of soil seedbanks in greenhouse trials for two RTS chronosequences near lakes on Alaska's North Slope. We hypothesized recent RTS provide microsites for greater recruitment than mature RTS or undisturbed tundra. We also hypothesized soil seedbanks demonstrate quantity-quality trade-offs: younger seedbanks contain smaller numbers of mostly viable seed that decrease in viability as seed accumulates over time. We found five times as many seedlings in younger RTS as in older RTS, including birch and willow, and no seedlings in undisturbed tundra. Higher seedling counts were associated with bare soil, warmer soils, higher soil available nitrogen, and less plant cover. Seedbank viability was unrelated to size. Older seedbanks were larger at one chronosequence, with no difference in percent germination. At the other chronosequence, germination was lower from older seedbanks but seedbank size was not different. Seedbank germination was positively associated with in situ seedling abundance at one RTS chronosequence, suggesting post-disturbance revegetation from seedbanks. Thermal erosion may be important for recruitment in tundra by providing bare microsites that are warmer, more nutrient rich, and less vegetated than in undisturbed conditions. Differences between two chronosequences in seedbank size, viability, and species composition suggest disturbance interacts with local conditions to form seedbanks. RTS may act as seedling nurseries to benefit many arctic species as climate changes, particularly those that do not produce persistent seed.
Lakeshore retrogressive thaw slumps (thermocirques) in West Siberian Arctic
<p>The dataset represents georeferenced polygons of mapped retrogressive thaw slumps (thermocirques) in the West Siberian Arctic.</p><p>The columns in the attribute table represent the area, edge elevation values, and slope angle.</p><p>The methodology of the data collection is described in Leibman et al., 2023.</p>
Microbial iron(III) reduction during palsa collapse promotes greenhouse gas emissions before complete permafrost thaw
<p>Data associated with publication "Microbial iron(III) reduction during palsa collapse promotes greenhouse gas emissions before complete permafrost thaw". The data contained within this data set is arranged according to the main text and the supplementary information of this publication.</p> <p><strong>Background information</strong></p> <p>Field site: Stordalen mire, Abisko, Sweden (68 22ʹ N, 19 03ʹ E)</p> <p>Thaw stages: Palsa, bog and fen</p> <p>Type of samples: Gas samples, porewater samples, soil core samples</p>
An Updated Inventory of Retrogressive Thaw Slumps Along the Vulnerable Qinghai-Tibet Engineering Corridor
<p>An inventory of 875 retrogressive thaw slumps over a landscape of 54000 km<sup>2</sup>, along the Qinghai-Tibet Engineering Corridor underlain by permafrost, was compiled using remote sensing and DeepLabv3+, a kind of deep learning model. The file in the format of Geopackage/GPKG contains the boundary of each retrogressive thaw slump as vectors in the Coordinate Reference System of EPSG:32646 - WGS 84. The associated attribute table includes probability, time of the satellite images, source of the satellite images, the near roads labels, year of initiation, longitude and latitude, area (units: m<sup>2</sup>), Deep Learning model. The corresponding names for the table fields are ‘Probability’, ‘Year-month’, ‘Source Image’, ‘Near roads’, ‘Initial year’, ‘Longitude’, ‘Latitude’, ‘Area’, ‘Deep Learning model’. The ‘Probability’, having values of ‘High’, ‘Medium’ and ‘Low’, measures how much we are sure about the mapped RTSs.</p>
Permafrost-thaw lake development in Central Yakutia: sedimentary ancient DNA and element analyses from a Holocene sediment record
<p>In Central Yakutia (Siberia) livelihoods of local communities depend on alaas (thermokarst depression) landscapes and the lakes within. Development and dynamics of these alaas lakes are closely connected to climate change, permafrost thawing, catchment conditions, and land use. To reconstruct lake development throughout the Holocene we analyze sedimentary ancient DNA (sedaDNA) and biogeochemistry from a sediment core from Lake Satagay, spanning the last c. 10,800 calibrated years before present (cal yrs BP). SedaDNA of diatoms and macrophytes and microfossil diatom analysis reveal lake formation earlier than 10,700 cal yrs BP. The sedaDNA approach detected 42 amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) of diatom taxa, one ASV of Eustigmatophyceae (Nannochloropsis), and 12 ASVs of macrophytes. We relate diatom and macrophyte community changes to climate-driven shifts in water level and mineral and organic input, which result in variable water conductivity, in-lake productivity, and sediment deposition. We detect a higher lake level and water conductivity in the Early Holocene (c. 10,700–7000 cal yrs BP) compared to other periods, supported by the dominance of Stephanodiscus sp. and Stuckenia pectinata. Further climate warming towards the Mid-Holocene (7000–4700 cal yrs BP) led to a shallowing of Lake Satagay, an increase of the submerged macrophyte Ceratophyllum, and a decline of planktonic diatoms. In the Late Holocene (c. 4700 cal yrs BP–present) stable shallow water conditions are confirmed by small fragilarioid and staurosiroid diatoms dominating the lake. Lake Satagay has not yet reached the final stage of alaas development, but satellite imagery shows an intensification of anthropogenic land use, which in combination with future warming will likely result in a rapid desiccation of the lake.</p>
Fig. 2 in Ultrastructure of fresh and post thawed sperm of pejerrey Odontesthes bonariensis (Atheriniformes)
Fig. 2. Transmission electron microscopy photographs of fresh sperm samples: (A) Spermatozoa longitudinal section showing the transitional region of the flagellum and the classic nine doublets of microtubules (9+0), arrow. (B) Longitudinal section of the head and midpiece of a spermatid. (C) Transversal section of the midpiece showing the axoneme surrounded by mitochondria. N: Nucleus; P: Proximal centriole; D: Distal centriole; CC: Citoplasmic Channel; M: Mitochondria; F: Flagellum.
Fig. 4 in Ultrastructure of fresh and post thawed sperm of pejerrey Odontesthes bonariensis (Atheriniformes)
Fig. 4. Transmission electron microscopy photographs of pejerrey post thawed sperm showing different types of alterations. (A) Head with ruptured membranes (*). (B) Head with swollen and broken membrane (*). (C) Broken and swollen nuclear membrane (arrows) and alteration of the spatial orientation of mitochondria. (D) Ruptured and swollen membrane of the flagellum (arrows) with vesicles. (E) Tail around the head (arrows). N: Nucleus; M: Mitochondria; V: Vesicles.
Fig. 3 in Ultrastructure of fresh and post thawed sperm of pejerrey Odontesthes bonariensis (Atheriniformes)
Fig. 3. Transmission electron microscopy photographs of the flagellum. (A) Flagellum axoneme showing the typical 9+2 doublets of microtubules. (B) Transversal section of the flagellum showing the lateral extensions like "fins" in both sides (arrows). (C) Longitudinal section of the flagellum. F: Flagellum.
Fig. 1 in Fresh, equilibrated and post-thaw sperm quality of Brycon orbignyanus (Valenciennes, 1850) and Prochilodus lineatus (Valenciennes, 1837) treated with either salmon GnRHa and domperidone or pituitary extract
Fig. 1. Motility rate of fresh, equilibrated and post-thaw sperm of Brycon orbignyanus (A; n = 18 males) and Prochilodus lineatus (B; n = 21 males). Motility rate was evaluated after 0, 20, 40 and 60s (fresh and equilibrated sperm) or after 10, 30, 50 and 70s of activation (post-thaw sperm). *Motility evaluated at 60s was lower than that at 0s post-activation (Scott-Knott, P <0.05). § Motility evaluated at 10s post-activation was the highest (Scott-Knott, P <0.05).
Fig. 2 in Fresh, equilibrated and post-thaw sperm quality of Brycon orbignyanus (Valenciennes, 1850) and Prochilodus lineatus (Valenciennes, 1837) treated with either salmon GnRHa and domperidone or pituitary extract
Fig. 2. Post-thaw sperm velocities (curvilinear = VCL; straight-line = VSL; average path = VAP) of Brycon orbignyanus (A; n = 18 males) and Prochilodus lineatus (B; n = 21 males) evaluated after 10, 30, 50 and 70s after activation. * Mean at 10s was the highest (Scott-Knott, P <0.05).
The role of catchment characteristics, discharge, and active layer thaw on seasonal stream chemistry across ten permafrost catchments
<p>Data used for the paper: The role of catchment characteristics, discharge, and active layer thaw on seasonal stream chemistry across ten permafrost catchments. Contains water quality and discharge data. See paper for more details.</p>
Data related to article 'Thawing Yedoma permafrost is a neglected nitrous oxide source'
<p>Data on nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O) fluxes with related process, soil and microbial data from two thawing Yedoma exposures in Northeast Siberia.</p> <p>Metadata:</p> <p>Study site 1:Kurungnakh<br> Location 1:N 72°20', E 126°17'</p> <p>Study site 2:Duvanny Yar<br> Location 2:68°38' N, 159°09' E</p> <p>Contact:Maija Marushchak (maija.marushchak@uef.fi); Christina Biasi (christina.biasi@uef.fi)</p> <p>Ecosystem type:Yedoma exposure; retrogressive permafrost thaw slump</p> <p>Duration:July 2016, July 2017</p> <p>Data creation date:1 September 2021</p> <p>File origin:Created at University of Eastern Finland/University of Jyväskylä by Maija Marushchak (maija.marushchak@uef.fi)<br> Data policy:Kindly inform Maija Marushchak and Christina Biasi if you are going to use the data and of any publication plans.<br> If they think that they should be acknowledged or offered participation as authors they will let you know.</p> <p>Questions about this file should be addressed to Maija Marushchak (maija.marushchak@uef.fi).</p> <p> </p>
Incubation data, CO2 and CH4 flux data and soil properties of thaw slump soils on Kurungnakh, Lena Delta in July 2016 and July 2019
<p>CO2 and CH4 rates from incubations and potential fluxes: This dataset contains rates of CO2 and CH4 production and the potential CO2 and CH4 emission rates calculated from these incubation fluxes</p> <p>in situ CO2 and CH4 chamber fluxes: This dataset contains CO2 and CH4 fluxes measured with closed chambers from different sites on Kurungnakh in July 2016 and July 2019</p> <p>simulated soil temperature and modelled CO2 fluxes: This dataset contains daily mean soil temperature data simulated with JSBACH for 2016 and the annual CO2 fluxes simulated with a Q10 model and the Introductory Carbon Balance Model (ICBM)</p> <p>thaw depth, TOC in active layer, soil temperature 2016: This dataset contains the thaw depth, TOC pools in the active layer and the soil temperature during the measurement period in July 2016</p> <p>thaw depth, TOC in active layer, soil temperature 2019: This dataset contains the thaw depth, TOC pools in the active layer and the soil temperature during the measurement period in July 2019</p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Permafrost Thaw and its Impact on Arctic Infrastructure: A Site Selection Bibliography
<p>Project Bibliography for DRP Task 1.2.1. Cited sources were used in the site selection process. </p>
Data from: Microsite conditions in retrogressive thaw slumps may facilitate increased seedling recruitment in the Alaskan Low Arctic
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Permafrost-thaw lake development in Central Yakutia: sedimentary ancient DNA and element analyses from a Holocene sediment record
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Freeze-thaw microcosm experiment data 2021
Warmer winters with less snowfall are increasing the frequency of soil freeze-thaw cycles across temperate regions. Soil microbial responses to freeze-thaw cycles vary and some of this variation may be explained by microbial conditioning to prior winter conditions, yet such linkages remain largely unexplored. We investigated how differences in temperature history influenced microbial community composition and activity in response to freeze-thaw cycles. We collected soil microbial communities that developed under colder (high elevation) and warmer (low elevation) temperature regimes in spruce-fir forests, then added each of these soil microbial communities to a sterile bulk-soil in a laboratory microcosm experiment. The inoculated high-elevation cold and low-elevation warm microcosms were subjected to diurnal freeze-thaw cycles or constant above-freezing temperature for 9 days. Then, all microcosms were subjected to a 7-day above-freezing recovery period. Overall, we found that the high-elevation cold community had, relative to the low-elevation warm community, a smaller reduction in microbial respiration (CO2 flux) during freeze-thaw cycles. Further, the high-elevation cold community, on average, experienced lower freeze-thaw-induced bacterial mortality than the warm community and may have partly acclimated to freeze-thaw cycles via increased lipid membrane fluidity. Respiration of both microbial communities quickly recovered following the end of the freeze-thaw treatment period and there were no changes in soil extractable carbon or nitrogen. Our results provide evidence that past soil temperature conditions may influence the responses of soil microbial communities to freeze-thaw cycles. The microbial community that developed under a colder temperature regime was more tolerant of freeze-thaw cycles than the community that developed under a warmer temperature regime, although both communities displayed some level of resilience. Taken together, our data suggest that
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