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335 results for “Theoretical”
Fig. 3 a-h in Ecological characterization of habitats colonized by the freshwater gastropod Viviparus contectus (MILLET, 1813) (Gastropoda, Prosobranchia) - Theoretical and experimental data
Fig. 3 a-h: Logistic regression models of the single environmental variables for the presentation of eventual habitat preferences of V. contectus. For a validation of the models experimental data from diverse field studies were used (e.g., PATZNER & ISARCH 1999, STURM 2000a).
Fig. 1 in Ecological characterization of habitats colonized by the freshwater gastropod Viviparus contectus (MILLET, 1813) (Gastropoda, Prosobranchia) - Theoretical and experimental data
Fig. 1: Stereoscopic photographs showing the front and back of the shell of V. contectus with its typical shape and mouth geometry. The height of the shells measures about 4.5 cm.
Fig. 2 a-h in Ecological characterization of habitats colonized by the freshwater gastropod Viviparus contectus (MILLET, 1813) (Gastropoda, Prosobranchia) - Theoretical and experimental data
Fig. 2 a-h: Box-plots for the statistical evaluation of single environmental variables under incorporation of all malacological data available in the scientific literature and those data with occurrence of V. contectus, respectively. The black boxes range from the first to the third quartile, whereas the ends of the lines mark the minimum and the maximum of the data. The white line indicates the position of the median.
Fig. 3 in Life Time Egg Production in Females of the Cricket Teleogryllus commodus WALKER 1869 (Insecta: Orthoptera): Experimental Results and Theoretical Predictions
Fig. 3: Total fecundity of female Teleogryllus commodus WALKER for different environmental temperatures (20 °C, 23 °C, 25 °C, and 30 °C). Asterisks indicate significant differences between neighbouring points (p <0.01).
Fig. 5 in Life Time Egg Production in Females of the Cricket Teleogryllus commodus WALKER 1869 (Insecta: Orthoptera): Experimental Results and Theoretical Predictions
Fig. 5: Preliminary results obtained from the computer program CRICKTHERM. Dependence of fecundity on (A) temperature, (B) photoperiod, (C) protein content in food, (D) population density (individuals per square metre).
Fig. 4 in Life Time Egg Production in Females of the Cricket Teleogryllus commodus WALKER 1869 (Insecta: Orthoptera): Experimental Results and Theoretical Predictions
Fig. 4: Results concerning the investigation of ovary weights and their dependence on environmental temperature. A) Scheme showing the preparation procedure necessary for the dissection of the ovaries. B) Graph illustrating the dependence of ovary weight in grams on environmental temperature. Ovary weights from 5-day old females (pre-oviposition period) and 10-day old females (oviposition period) have been compared. Points and error bars denote mean values and standard deviations (asterisks mark significant differences between neighbouring points, p <0.01).
Fig. 2 in Life Time Egg Production in Females of the Cricket Teleogryllus commodus WALKER 1869 (Insecta: Orthoptera): Experimental Results and Theoretical Predictions
Fig. 2: Dependence of daily cricket fecundity on environmental temperature. (A) 20 °C, (B) 23 °C, (C) 25 °C, (D) 30 °C. Black lines represent mean values, whereas dashed lines mark the standard deviations. The thick grey lines show the respective out put produced by CRICKTHERM and should give an impression about the validity of the used model.
Fig. 1 in Life Time Egg Production in Females of the Cricket Teleogryllus commodus WALKER 1869 (Insecta: Orthoptera): Experimental Results and Theoretical Predictions
Fig. 1: Window design and function of the computer program CRICKTHERM calculating the fecundity of female crickets as a function of various environmental parameters. (A) Entrance window, (B) Input window including animal information and input parameters, (C) Output window presenting the fecundity-time-relationship as a line plot as well as specific output parameter, (D) Alternative output window presenting fecundity data as mean values and standard deviations.
A Theoretical Window into the Wind Clumping Properties of Magnetic Hot Star Winds
<p>Winds from hot, massive OB stars are driven by scattering and absorption of the stellar radiation by spectral lines. The standard line-driven wind theory of CAK predicts a smooth, steady outflow but neglects a strong radiation instability, resulting in strong shocks and a highly structured, clumped wind. Treating clumping arising from this line-deshadowing instability (LDI) is of key importance in accurately interpreting observed spectral diagnostics of massive star winds. Indeed, if not correctly accounted for, such wind clumping may lead to quite dramatic errors in inferred mass-loss properties and to correspondingly large errors in massive-star evolution predictions. So far theory and observation of the LDI have only investigated wind clumping for non-magnetic OB stars. Meanwhile, quantitative wind clumping behaviour for magnetic massive stars has not been established. However, by now there is ample evidence from spectropolarimetric surveys that a subset of OB stars in our Galaxy possesses strong, global surface magnetic fields believed to be of primordial origin. This magnetic field leads to a quenching of mass loss and can significantly alter stellar evolution, with speculations that it may even lead to formation of high stellar mass black holes. Such mass-loss rates have up until now relied on smooth wind predictions, hence do not take into account the intrinsic clumpy structures. In this contribution I present the first results of 2D numerical simulations on magnetic LDI winds that self-consistently predict the wind clumping phenomenon. I show the possible pathways to structure formation and discuss this in light of our recently carried out analytical perturbation analysis. Finally, I discuss the resulting wind clumping properties and the possible effects on observational diagnostics.</p>
Dataset for "Roles of surface forcing in the Southern Ocean temperature and salinity changes under increasing CO2: perspectives from model perturbation experiments and a theoretical framework"
<p>Reference: Kewei Lyu, Xuebin Zhang, John A. Church, Quran Wu, Russell Fiedler, and Fabio Boeira Dias (2022), Roles of surface forcing in the Southern Ocean temperature and salinity changes under increasing CO<sub>2</sub>: perspectives from model perturbation experiments and a theoretical framework, <em>Journal of Physical Oceanography</em>, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1175/JPO-D-22-0095.1">https://doi.org/10.1175/JPO-D-22-0095.1</a></p>
Theoretical DFT calculation based output file of esters in water
<p>The presented theoretical DFT study resolves the question of why the hydrolysis of simple ester can occur in acidic as well as basic medium while that of S-naproxen ester in acidic medium only.</p>
Dataset of "Theoretical and practical aspects of the design and production of synthetic holograms for transmission electron microscopy"
<p>Dataset with script and article images published in https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0067528</p>
Why The Perfectly Symmetric Cobalt-Pentapyridyl Loses the H2 Production Challenge: Theoretical Insight into Reaction Mechanism and Reduction Free Energies
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Researchers have extensively investigated photo-catalytic water reduction utilizing Cobalt-based catalysts with poly-pyridyl ligands. While catalysts exhibiting distorted poly-pyridyl ligand demonstrate higher H2 production yields, those with ideal octahedral coordination display poor performance. This outcome suggests the crucial role of ligand framework in catalytic activity, yet reasons behind the disparity in H2 production rates for catalysts with octahedral geometries remain unclear. We theoretically examined the water reduction mechanism of Co-based poly-pyridyl catalyst, CoPy5, having perfect octahedral coordination. We clarified the effect of octahedral coordination by utilizing each intermediate step of ECEC mechanism. We determined spin states, solvent response, electronic structures, and reduction free energies. CoPy5 with perfect octahedral coordination, alongside its distorted counterparts, exhibit similar spin states as the reaction progresses through each intermediate step. However, the first reduction free energy obtained for the CoPy5 is slightly higher than that of its distorted counterparts. Following the second protonation, resulting H2 molecule experiences limited diffusion from the Co center due to the compact structure of the CoPy5, which blocks the Co center for the next H2 production cycle. Catalysts having distorted octahedral geometries facilitate fast removal of H2 into the solvent. Thus, the reaction center becomes immediately available for subsequent H2 production.</p> <p>Computational Details</p> <p>AIMD simulations have been performed for modeling intermediate states of the ECEC mechanisms of H2 production through water splitting. Open source CP2K simulation package have been used in all simulations. PBE density functional in general gradient approximation (GGA) formalism was employed for the AIMD simulations. Goedecker-Teter-Hutter (GTH) potentials were applied for the estimation of core electron interactions with the valence shell and nucleus. Valence electrons were modeled explicitly and valence shells of Co, N, C, O and H contain 17, 5, 4, 6 and 1 electrons, respectively. DZVP-MOLOPT basis set was used for all atomic kinds. For auxiliary plane wave basis set, a cutoff of 400 Ry was utilized. Dispersion interactions were taken into consideration by applying Vydrov and Van Voorhis vdW density functional, in the revised form (rVV10). Periodic boundary<br> conditions and spin polarization were always applied. For the CoPy5 complex, AIMD simulations were carried out in a box defined as cubic with explicit water environment. The CoPy5 catalyst was first solvated in 215 water molecules and the simulation volume was relaxed by performing AIMD simulations for approximately 20 ps in the isothermal-isobaric ensemble (NPT). Cubic simulation box volume was determined as 6163.28 ̊A3. Following the determination of the simulation box size, each intermediate step were modeled by applying AIMD simulations in the canonical ensemble (NVT) for approximately 20 ps. Time step was set to 0.5 fs. Canonical sampling through velocity rescaling (CSVR) thermostat with a time constant of 100 fs was applied in order to keep<br> the simulation temperature at 300 K.</p> <p>Please see the corresponding article for more details.</p>
Data from: A theoretical framework to quantify ecosystem pressure-volume relationships
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Experimental and theoretical study of wind turbine wakes in yawed conditions
<p>Hub-height horizontal-plane PIV measurement data of the wake behind a stand-alone yawed wind turbine.</p> <p>HDF5 data structure:</p> <ul> <li>Yaw_0_Lambda_o: yaw angle (0, 10, 20, 30 degree) case at the optimal tip-speed ratio <ul> <li>u_avg: mean of u (v, w) component.</li> <li>u_std: standard deviation of the u (v, w) component.</li> <li>x: x grid point.</li> <li>y: y grid point.</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p>Reference</p> <p>Bastankhah, Majid, and Fernando Porté-Agel. "Experimental and theoretical study of wind turbine wakes in yawed conditions." <em>Journal of Fluid Mechanics</em> 806 (2016): 506-541.</p> <p> </p>
Theoretical analysis of superadiabatic combustion for non-stationary filtration combustion by excess enthalpy function
The superadiabatic combustion for non-stationary filtration combustion is analytically studied. The non-dimensional excess enthalpy function (H) equation is theoretically derived based on a one-dimensional, two-temperature model. In contract to the H equation for the stationary filtration combustion, a new term, which takes into account the effect of non-dimensional combustion wave speed, is included in H equation for transient filtration combustion. The governing equations with boundary conditions are solved by commercial software Fluent. The predictions show that the maximum non-dimensional gas and solid temperatures in the flame zone are greater than 3 for equivalence ratio of 0.15. An examination of the four source terms in the H equation indicates that the thermal conductivity ratio (Γs) between the solid and gas phases is the dominative one among the four terms and basically determines H distribution. For lean premixed combustion in porous media, the superadiabatic combustion effect is more pronounced for the lower Γs.
Figures, plotting scripts, and data for "Resolving non-uniform temperature distributions with single-beam absorption spectroscopy. Part I: Theoretical capabilities and limitations"
<p>This dataset contains the necessary materials to recreate the figures in "Resolving nonuniform temperature distributions with single-beam absorption spectroscopy: Part I: Theoretical capabilities and limitations."</p> <p>The code included in this dataset is released under the BSD 3-Clause License. The figures are shared under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).</p>
Data from: Estimating diversification rates on incompletely-sampled phylogenies: theoretical concerns and practical solutions
<p>Molecular phylogenies are a key source of information about the tempo and mode of species diversification. However, most empirical phylogenies do not contain representatives of all species, such that diversification rates are typically estimated from incompletely sampled data. Most researchers recognize that incomplete sampling can lead to biased rate estimates, but the statistical properties of methods for accommodating incomplete sampling remain poorly known. In this point of view, we demonstrate theoretical concerns with the widespread use of analytical sampling corrections for sparsely sampled phylogenies of higher taxonomic groups. In particular, corrections based on "sampling fractions" can lead to low statistical power to infer rate variation when it is present, depending on the likelihood function used for inference. In the extreme, the sampling fraction correction can lead to spurious patterns of diversification that are driven solely by unbalanced sampling across the tree in concert with low overall power to infer shifts. Stochastic polytomy resolution provides an alternative to sampling fraction approaches that avoids some of these biases. We show that stochastic polytomy resolvers can greatly improve the power of common analyses to estimate shifts in diversification rates. We introduce a new stochastic polytomy resolution method (TACT: Taxonomic Addition for Complete Trees) that uses birth-death-sampling estimators across an ultrametric phylogeny to estimate branching times for unsampled taxa, with taxonomic information to compatibly place new taxa onto a backbone phylogeny. We close with practical recommendations for diversification inference under several common scenarios of incomplete sampling.</p>
Assessing the benefits and risks of translocations in depauperate species: a theoretical framework with an empirical validation
<p>1. Conservation translocations are becoming more common to assist in the management of threatened native species. While many translocation programs focus on maximizing survival in newly established populations, consideration is also required for the persistence of source populations. 2. Here, we present and test a theoretical framework that assesses the translocation trade-off between increasing a species probability of survival and decreasing a species' overall genetic diversity. We anticipate that i) the genetic diversity of translocated populations will be reduced compared to the source due to a failure to capture and retain genetic diversity, and ii) the genetic diversity of the source population will decline due to the removal of founder individuals. 3. We test this framework with an empirical study of redfin blue eye, Scaturiginichthys vermeilipinnis; a critically endangered fish species which has undergone several replicate translocations, established with founders sourced from a single remnant population. Several generations after reintroduction, we show that the predicted survival of the species has improved as a result of these translocations. 4. While the species' genetic diversity has been retained across all populations combined (translocated and source), we show that genetic diversity in each individual population (including the source) is reduced compared to the source population prior to translocation. 5. <i>Synthesis and applications</i>. Conservation translocations can provide great benefits to species survival, enabling extinction risk to be spread across multiple populations. Translocated populations, however, often harbour reduced genetic diversity compared to source populations and initiating translocated populations can decrease the genetic diversity of source populations, placing them at an increased risk of extinction. The framework presented here enables the trade-off between extinction risk and retention of genetic diversity to be established. This will enable the optimal conservation strategy to be employed to increase the long-term persistence and evolutionary potential of a species.</p>
Data from: Reproductive interference and fecundity affect competitive interactions of sibling species with low mating barriers: experimental and theoretical evidence
When allopatric species with incomplete prezygotic isolation come into secondary contact, the outcome of their interaction is not easily predicted. The parasitoid wasp Encarsia suzannae (iES), infected by Cardinium inducing cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI), and its sibling species E. gennaroi (EG), not infected by bacterial endosymbionts, may have diverged because of the complementary action of CI and asymmetric hybrid incompatibilities. Whereas postzygotic isolation is now complete due to sterility of F1 hybrid progeny, prezygotic isolation is still incipient. We set up laboratory population cage experiments to evaluate the outcome of the interaction between ES and EG in two pairwise combinations: iES vs. EG and cured ES (cES, where Cardinium was removed with antibiotics) vs. EG. We also built a theoretical model aimed at exploring the role of life history differences and asymmetric mating on competitive outcomes. In three of four cages in each treatment, ES dominated the interaction. We found evidence for reproductive interference, driven by asymmetric mating preferences, which gave a competitive edge to ES, the species that better discriminated against heterospecifics. However, we did not find the fecundity cost previously shown to be associated with Cardinium infection in iES. The model largely supported the experimental results. The finding of only a slight competitive edge of ES over EG in population cages suggests that in a more heterogeneous environment the species could coexist. This is supported by evidence that the two species coexist in sympatry, where preliminary data suggest reproductive character displacement may have reinforced postzygotic isolation.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.