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91 results for “Thermal environment”
Data from: Sperm pre-fertilization thermal environment shapes offspring phenotype and performance
Sperm pre-fertilization environment has recently been suggested to mediate remarkable transgenerational consequences for offspring phenotype (transgenerational plasticity, TGB), but the adaptive significance of the process has remained unclear. Here, we studied the transgenerational effects of sperm pre-fertilization thermal environment in a cold-adapted salmonid, the European whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus L.). We used a full-factorial breeding design where the eggs of five females were fertilized with the milt of 10 males that had been pre-incubated at two different temperatures (3.5°C and 6.5°C) for 15 hours prior to fertilization. Thermal manipulation did not affect sperm motility, cell size, fertilization success or embryo mortality. However, offspring that were fertilized with warm-treated milt were smaller and had poorer swimming performance than their full-siblings that had been fertilized with cold-treated milt. Furthermore, the effect of milt treatment on embryo mortality varied among different females (treatment×female interaction) and male-female combinations (treatment×female×male interaction). Together these results indicate that sperm pre-fertilization thermal environment shapes offspring phenotype and post-hatching performance and modify both the magnitude of female (dam) effects and the compatibility of the gametes. Generally, our results suggest that short-term changes in sperm thermal conditions may have negative impact for offspring fitness. Thus, sperm thermal environment may have an important role in determining the adaptation potential of organisms to climate change. Detailed mechanism(s) behind our findings require further attention.
The thermal environment of sperm affects offspring success: a test of the anticipatory paternal effects hypothesis in a broadcast spawner
<p>There has been an explosion of recent evidence that environments experienced by fathers or their ejaculates can influence offspring phenotypes (paternal effects). However, little is known about whether such effects are adaptive, which would have far-reaching implications for the many species facing rapidly changing environments. For example, some arguments suggest paternal effects might be a source of cross-generational plasticity, preparing offspring to face similar conditions to their father (anticipatory hypothesis). Alternatively, ejaculate-mediated effects on offspring may be non-adaptive by-products of stress. Here, we conduct an experiment to distinguish between these predictions, exposing ejaculates of the externally fertilizing mussel <i>Mytilus galloprovincialis</i> to ambient (19 °C) and high (24 °C) temperatures, then rearing offspring groups in temperatures that match and mismatch those of sperm. We find that, overall, high-treated sperm induced higher rates of normal offspring development, and higher success in transitioning to second-stage larvae, which may represent adaptive epigenetic changes or selection on sperm haplotypes. However, progeny of high-treated sperm did not perform better than those of ambient-treated sperm when rearing temperatures were high. Overall, these findings offer little support for anticipatory hypothesis and suggest instead that beneficial paternal effects may be eroded when offspring develop under stressful conditions.</p>
Data from: Plastic and evolutionary gene expression responses are correlated in European grayling (Thymallus thymallus) sub-populations adapted to different thermal environments
Understanding how populations adapt to changing environmental conditions is a long-standing theme in evolutionary biology. Gene expression changes have been recognized as an important driver of local adaptation, but relatively little is known regarding the direction of change and in particular, about the interplay between plastic and evolutionary gene expression. We have previously shown that the gene expression profiles of European grayling (Thymallus thymallus) populations inhabiting different thermal environments include both plastic and evolutionary components. However, whether the plastic and evolutionary responses were in the same direction was not investigated in detail, nor was the identity of the specific genes involved. In this study, we show that the plastic changes in protein expression in response to different temperatures are highly correlated with the evolutionary response in grayling subpopulations adapted to different thermal environments. This finding provides preliminary evidence that the plastic response most likely facilitates adaptation during the early phases of colonization of thermal environments. The proteins that showed significant changes in expression level between warm and cold temperature treatments were mostly related to muscle development, which is consistent with earlier findings demonstrating muscle mass differentiation between cold and warm grayling populations.
Thermal Environment and Illumination of Lunar Pits and Caves Data, Code, and Images
<p>Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Diviner data focusing on the Tranquillitatis pit and analysis code for determining the thermal and illumination environments of the collapse pits and caves on the Moon. Also includes figures created using the code.</p>
Determination of Optimal Thermal Comfort Conditions in the Iron Smelting Industry Work Environment Using Firefly Algorithm
<p>This material has presented on 2nd International Conference on Advanced Research in Engineering and Technology in October 25, 2023.</p>
Evaluation of Thermal Comfort Conditions in The Working Environments of Seasonal Agricultural Workers in Csa Koppen Climate Type
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Data from: Divergence of gastropod life history in contrasting thermal environments in a geothermal lake
Experiments using natural populations have provided mixed support for thermal adaptation models, probably because the conditions are often confounded with additional environmental factors like seasonality. The contrasting geothermal environments within Lake Mývatn, northern Iceland, provide a unique opportunity to evaluate thermal adaptation models using closely located natural populations. We conducted laboratory common garden and field reciprocal transplant experiments to investigate how thermal origin influences the life history of Radix balthica snails originating from stable cold (6 °C), stable warm (23 °C) thermal environments or from areas with seasonal temperature variation. Supporting thermal optimality models, warm origin snails survived poorly at 6 °C in the common garden experiment and better than cold origin and seasonal snails in the warm habitat in the reciprocal transplant experiment. Contrary to thermal adaptation models, growth rate in both experiments was highest in the warm populations irrespective of temperature, indicating cogradient variation. The optimal temperatures for growth and reproduction were similar irrespective of origin, but cold origin snails always had the lowest performance, and seasonal origin snails often performed at an intermediate level compared to snails originating in either stable environment. Our results indicate that central life-history traits can differ in their mode of evolution, with survival following the predictions of thermal optimality models, whereas ecological constraints have shaped the evolution of growth rates in local populations.
Experimental and analytical methods for thermal infrared spectroscopy of complex dust coatings in a simulated asteroid environment
<p>The spectral and thermophysical effects of thin-continuous, macro-discontinuous, and micro-discontinuous dust cover are not understood and require relevant laboratory analyses to be deconvolved in an orbital setting. We have constructed a custom environment chamber that enables the controlled deposition of size-regulated dust particles in coatings with varying continuity and thickness. TIR spectra of coated substrates acquired in a simulated asteroid environment (SAE) are used to investigate the extent to which dust coatings of different thicknesses and arrangements contribute to orbital spectral signatures of airless body surfaces. </p> <p>TIR (5-50 𝜇m) spectra of each sample are acquired under SAE conditions using the Planetary and Asteroid Regolith Spectroscopy Environmental Chamber (PARSEC) at Stony Brook University. PARSEC is designed to measure samples under environmental conditions typical of airless bodies. The chamber houses a sample wheel with six sample cups and a calibration target coated with Nextel black. There is also a black body target under the wheel. All sample cup and black body targets can be individually heated and rotated into position from outside of the chamber. Temperature is controlled through two Eurotherm Mini8 Loop Controllers and managed on an in-lab computer with the Eurotherm iTools interface. Samples are illuminated at 55° incidence by a quartz halogen lamp connected to a Bentham 610 power source. Surrounding the sample wheel is a cold shield actively cooled by the input of liquid nitrogen into an internal dewar to reach temperatures < 150 K. Pressure in the chamber is controlled by a Pfeiffer HiCube turbo vacuum pump to reach 10<sup>-6</sup> mbar. In line with the vacuum chamber is a pressure regulated tank of N<sub>2</sub> used for purging and ambient pressure measurements. The PARSEC chamber is connected to a Nicolet 6700 FTIR spectrometer equipped with a Cesium Iodide (CsI) beamsplitter and a deuterated L-alanine doped triglycine sulfate (DLaTGS) detector with a CsI window. The spectrometer is actively purged with air scrubbed of CO<sub>2</sub> and water vapor and sealed at the interface with PARSEC. A total of 256 scans from 2,200 to 400 cm<sup>-1</sup> are integrated for a 10-minute measurement period, using a spectral sampling of 2 cm<sup>-1</sup>. During each experimental session, all samples and the black body are measured under SAE conditions. Calibration measurements of the blackbody target at 70 and 100°C are acquired, then the integrated sample cup heaters and solar lamp are adjusted to achieve the desired sample brightness temperature of 80°C. Samples are allowed to reach temperature under the lamp for more than 45 minutes until the spectral maximum stabilizes and the calculated brightness temperature at the CF is within ~10 K of the target 353 K. This procedure is repeated for all samples while ensuring the chamber temperature remains stable under 150 K through continued addition of liquid nitrogen. The Radiance-to-emissivity conversion method used determines the maximum brightness temperature between 500 and 1700 cm-1 and divides the radiance by a Planck function of the same temperature. This assures the maximum brightness temperature is the kinetic temperature of the same, and its emissivity is unity at the frequency of this maximum. This dataset includes 15 different samples acquired under SAE and ambient pressure/temperature conditions. These samples range in layer thickness and continuity and are intended to test and demonstrate the range of the coating process.</p>
3D printed models are an accurate, cost-effective, and reproducible tool for quantifying terrestrial thermal environments
<p>Dataset used in Alujević et al. 2023. 3D printed models are an accurate, cost-effective, and reproducible tool for quantifying terrestrial thermal environments. </p>
Support and Post-therapeutic Rehabilitation for Women in Complete Remission of Breast Cancer in a Thermal Environment
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05433077. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 4.
Active Prevention of Upper Limb Musculoskeletal Disorders in Thermal Environment (MUSKA).
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02702466. IPD Sharing: UNDECIDED. Countries: 1. Publications: 11.
Data from: Gene expression under chronic heat stress in populations of the mustard hill coral (Porites astreoides) from different thermal environments
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Data from: Sperm pre-fertilization thermal environment shapes offspring phenotype and performance
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Data from: Evolution of thermal tolerance in multifarious environments
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Data from: AFLPs and mitochondrial haplotypes reveal local adaptation to extreme thermal environments in a freshwater gastropod
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Data from: Extreme operative temperatures are better descriptors of the thermal environment than mean temperatures
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A dimensionless parameter coupling the south and north roofs on the thermal environment of Chinese solar greenhouse: Ridge position ratio
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Data from: Plastic and evolutionary gene expression responses are correlated in European grayling (Thymallus thymallus) sub-populations adapted to different thermal environments
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The thermal environment of sperm affects offspring success: a test of the anticipatory paternal effects hypothesis in a broadcast spawner
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Data from: Physiology at near-critical temperatures, but not critical limits, varies between two lizard species that partition the thermal environment
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.