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666 results for “Translocation”
Data for Integrated Step Selection Analysis of translocated female greater sage-grouse in the 60 days post-release, North Dakota 2018-2020
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Data from: Feather corticosterone is lower in translocated and historical populations of the endangered Laysan duck (Anas laysanensis)
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Using species distribution models and decision tools to direct surveys and identify potential translocation sites for a critically endangered species
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Data from: Predicting success of conservation translocations: Prerelease screening tools for a threatened marsupial
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Dynamic 1D search and processive nucleosome translocations by RSC and ISW2 chromatin remodelers
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Predicting harvest impact and establishment success when translocating highly mobile and endangered species
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Conservation translocation of Atlantic wolffish (Anarhichas lupus) to a depleted Arctic fjord ecosystem
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Effects of environmental translocation and host characteristics on skin microbiomes of sun-basking fish
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Data from: Translocations spur population growth but fail to prevent genetic erosion in imperiled Florida Scrub-Jays
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Post-release movement and habitat selection of translocated pine martens Martes martes
Monitoring post-release establishment and movement of animals is important in evaluating conservation translocations. We translocated 39 wild pine martens Martes martes (19 females, 20 males) from Scotland to Wales. We released them into forested areas with no conspecifics in 2015, followed by a second release in 2016, alongside the previously released animals. We used radio-tracking to describe post-release movement and habitat selection. Six martens (15%) were not re-encountered during the tracking period, of which four undertook long-distance dispersal. For the remaining individuals, we characterised two phases of movement, 'exploration' followed by 'settlement', that differed between releases. In the first release, martens remained in exploration phase for a mean of 14.5 days (SE=3.9 days) and settled at a mean distance of 8.7km (SE=1.8km) from release sites, whereas martens released in year two, alongside resident conspecifics, travelled away from release sites at a faster rate, settling sooner, at a mean of 6.6 days (SE=1.8 days), but further, at a mean distance of 14.0km (SE=1.7km) from release sites. Animals released in year one did not exhibit habitat preferences overall but within forests they favoured recently-felled areas, whereas animals released in year two showed strong selection for forested habitat but did not discriminate between forest types. The presence of conspecifics appeared influential for settlement and site fidelity of translocated martens and was associated with more rapid but more distant dispersal of the later cohort. Releases of animals in close proximity appeared to promote site fidelity and rapid establishment of ranges in the recipient environment.
Fitness measures of maternal transplants (seed fitness) and of the F1 generation (rosette diameter) of three translocated populations of Arnica montana in southern Belgium
<p>Fitness data measured in the framework of a genetic monitoring of translocated populations of the critically endangered Arnica montana. See Van Rossum et al. (2020) in Molecular Ecology for more details.</p>
Individual multilocus genotypes of three translocated and two source populations of Arnica montana in southern Belgium
<p>Individual multilocus genotypes based on nine microsatellite loci measured in the framework of a genetic monitoring of translocated populations of the critically endangered Arnica montana. See Van Rossum et al. (2020) in Molecular Ecology for more details.</p>
Data from: Behavioural and fitness effects of translocation to a novel environment: whole-lake experiments in two aquatic top predators
<p>Translocation into a novel environment through common fisheries-management practices, such as fish stocking, provides opportunities to study behavioural and fitness impacts of translocations at realistic ecological scales. The process of stocking, as well as the unfamiliarity with novel ecological conditions and the interactions with resident fish may affect translocated individuals, leading to alterations of behaviours and causing fitness impacts.</p> <p>Our objectives were to investigate how aquatic top-predators behaviourally establish themselves and compete with resident individuals following introduction in a novel lake environment and to investigate the resulting fitness consequences.</p> <p>Using high-resolution acoustic telemetry, we conducted whole-lake experiments and compared the activity, activity-space size and fate of translocated and resident individuals in two model top predators, northern pike (Esox lucius, n = 160) and European catfish (Silurus glanis, n = 33). Additionally, we compared the reproductive fitness of translocated and resident northern pike. The experiment was conducted with large (adult) individuals of different origins, resilient to predation, but subject to agonistic interactions and competition with resident fish.</p> <p>Over a period of several months, the translocated catfish exhibited consistently larger activity-space sizes than resident catfish, but did not differ from residents in activity and survival. The pike from one of the two translocated origins we tested also showed elevated space-use, and both translocated origins revealed higher mortality rates than their resident conspecifics, indicating maladjustment to their novel environment. When non-resident pike reproduced, they overwhelmingly produced hybrid offspring with resident fish, indicating that introductions fostered gene flow of non-native genes.</p> <p>Our study indicates that fish introductions result in behavioural and fitness impacts even in large-bodied top predators that experience low levels of natural predation risk. </p>
Human Mixed- Lineage Leukemia, Translocated to 1 (MLLT1); A Target Enabling Package
<p>Overexpression of MLLT1 (also known as ENL, LTG19 and YEATS1) has recently been implicated as a driver of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML)(1, 2). Its epigenetic reader domain (dubbed YEATS domain) links histone acylation to gene expression via its role in the super elongation complex (SEC) (3) and its interaction with the histone methyl transferase DOT1L. Since epigenetic readers have been shown to be tractable targets for small molecule inhibitors, we have performed a library screen using a peptide displacement assay to identify inhibitors of MLLT1 interaction with acetylated histone tails. The screen yielded a potent hit and in further characterisation with biophysical methods it displayed a sub-micromolar KD for MLLT1 and its paralog MLLT3 (Also known as AF9) with no detectable binding to two other human YEATS proteins.</p>
Data from: Translocation of an arctic seashore plant reveals signs of maladaptation to altered climatic conditions
<p>Ongoing anthropogenic climate change alters the local climatic conditions to which species may be adapted. Information on species' climatic requirements and their intraspecific variation is necessary for predicting the effects of climate change on biodiversity. We used a climatic gradient to test whether populations of two allopatric varieties of an arctic seashore herb (<i>Primula nutans</i> ssp. <i>finmarchica</i>) show adaptation to their local climates and how a future warmer climate may affect them. Our experimental set-up combined a reciprocal translocation within the distribution range of the species with an experiment testing the performance of the sampled populations in warmer climatic conditions south of their range. We monitored survival, size, and flowering over four growing seasons as measures of performance and, thus, proxies of fitness. We found that both varieties performed better in experimental gardens towards the north. Interestingly, highest up in the north, the southern variety outperformed the northern one. Supported by weather data, this suggests that the climatic optima of both varieties have moved at least partly outside their current range. Further warming would make the current environments of both varieties even less suitable. We conclude that <i>Primula nutans</i> ssp. <i>finmarchica</i> is already suffering from adaptational lag due to climate change, and that further warming may increase this maladaptation, especially for the northern variety. The study also highlights that it is not sufficient to run only reciprocal translocation experiments. Climate change is already shifting the optimum conditions for many species and adaptation needs also to be tested outside the current range of the focal taxon in order to include both historic conditions and future conditions.</p>
Data From: Evaluating the correlation between genome-wide diversity and the release of plastic phenotypic variation in experimental translocations to novel natural environments
<p>Phenotypic reaction norms are often shaped and constrained by selection and are important for allowing organisms to respond to environmental change. However, selection cannot constrain reaction norms for environmental conditions that populations have not experienced. This may allow cryptic neutral genetic variation for the reaction norm to accumulate such that a release of phenotypic variation occurs when it is exposed to novel conditions. Most genomic diversity behaves as if functionally neutral. Genome-wide diversity metrics may therefore correlate with levels of cryptic genetic variation and, as a result, could exhibit a positive relationship with a release of phenotypic variation in novel environments. To test this hypothesis, we conducted translocations of juvenile brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) from 12 populations to novel uninhabited ponds that represented a gradient of environmental conditions. We assessed reaction norms for morphological traits (body size and four morphometric relative warps) across pond environmental gradients and evaluated the effect of genome-wide heterozygosity on phenotypic variability. All traits displayed plastic reaction norms. Overall, we found some evidence that a release of phenotypic variation consistent with cryptic genetic variation can occur in novel environmental conditions. However, the extent to which this release was correlated with average genome-wide diversity was limited to only one of five morphological traits examined. Our results suggest that the link between genomic diversity and the accumulation of cryptic genetic variation in reaction norms may be limited. Similarly, reaction norms were constrained for many of the morphological traits examined. Past conditions may have constrained reaction norms in the putatively novel environments despite significant deviations from contemporary source population habitat. Additionally, as a generalist colonizing species brook trout may exhibit plastic phenotypes across a wide range of environmental conditions.</p>
Assessing the benefits and risks of translocations in depauperate species: a theoretical framework with an empirical validation
<p>1. Conservation translocations are becoming more common to assist in the management of threatened native species. While many translocation programs focus on maximizing survival in newly established populations, consideration is also required for the persistence of source populations. 2. Here, we present and test a theoretical framework that assesses the translocation trade-off between increasing a species probability of survival and decreasing a species' overall genetic diversity. We anticipate that i) the genetic diversity of translocated populations will be reduced compared to the source due to a failure to capture and retain genetic diversity, and ii) the genetic diversity of the source population will decline due to the removal of founder individuals. 3. We test this framework with an empirical study of redfin blue eye, Scaturiginichthys vermeilipinnis; a critically endangered fish species which has undergone several replicate translocations, established with founders sourced from a single remnant population. Several generations after reintroduction, we show that the predicted survival of the species has improved as a result of these translocations. 4. While the species' genetic diversity has been retained across all populations combined (translocated and source), we show that genetic diversity in each individual population (including the source) is reduced compared to the source population prior to translocation. 5. <i>Synthesis and applications</i>. Conservation translocations can provide great benefits to species survival, enabling extinction risk to be spread across multiple populations. Translocated populations, however, often harbour reduced genetic diversity compared to source populations and initiating translocated populations can decrease the genetic diversity of source populations, placing them at an increased risk of extinction. The framework presented here enables the trade-off between extinction risk and retention of genetic diversity to be established. This will enable the optimal conservation strategy to be employed to increase the long-term persistence and evolutionary potential of a species.</p>
Movement, translocation and MRR data for Heliconius butterflies
<p class="Normal1"><span>Site fidelity plays an important role in increasing foraging efficiency, particularly when food resources are reliable. In insects, site fidelity has largely been studied in Hymenopteran species, which consistently return to their nest site after foraging bouts. In butterflies, evidence of foraging site fidelity are limited but may be present in species with specific foraging specialisations, such as <i>Heliconius</i>, which have a derived foraging behaviour centred around active pollen feeding. Unlike many Hymenoptera, <i>Heliconius</i> are neither eusocial nor nesting species, positioning them as a peculiar case where foraging site fidelity may occur in the absence of any central nest-like structure. However, to date, existing studies do not consider low dispersal as an alternative to site fidelity. In this study, we use a mark-release-recapture experiment to test whether individuals of two <i>Heliconius </i>species exhibit true site fidelity. We further test this fidelity by measuring flight orientation during a translocation experiment, and by recapturing translocated butterflies to identify whether individuals return to their site of origin. We found that non-translocated butterflies display extreme stability in site choice, and translocated butterflies consistently return to their site of origin, rapidly orientating towards their home site upon release. This suggests site fidelity in <i>Heliconius </i>is not solely explained by low dispersal, but is a response to the distribution and stability in ecological resources. We further note that the ability to return to home sites when artificially dispersed suggests a sophisticated ability to navigate to specific spatial goals. Our study provides insights into the <span>ecological drivers of site fidelity, a novel example distinct from nest building or group living, and opens an avenue of new research on navigational mechanisms in insects.</span></span></p>
Site impacts nutrient translocation efficiency in intra- and interspecies miscanthus hybrids on marginal lands
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>Miscanthus</span><span>, a C<sub>4</sub> perennial rhizomatous grass, is capable of growing in varied climates and soil types in Europe, including on marginal lands. It can produce high yields with low nutrient inputs when harvested after complete senescence. Senescence induction and rate depend on complex genetic, environmental, and management interactions. To explore these interactions, we analysed four miscanthus hybrids </span><span>(two novel seed-based hybrids, GRC 3<em> (M. sinensis × sinensis</em>) and GRC 14 (<em>M. sacchariflorus × sinensis)</em>; GRC 15, a<em> </em>novel <em>M. sacchariflorus × sinensis </em>clone; and GRC 9, a standard <em>M.</em></span><em><span> </span></em><em><span>× giganteus</span></em><span> clone</span><span>)</span><span> in Italy, Croatia, Germany and the UK.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span>Over all trial locations and hybrids, the average aboveground biomass of the three-year-old stands in August 2020 was 15 t DM ha<sup>-1</sup> with nutrient contents of 7.6 mg N g<sup>-1</sup> and 14.6 mg K g<sup>-1</sup>. As expected, delaying the harvest until spring reduced overall yield and nutrient contents (12 t DM ha<sup>-1</sup>,<sup> </sup>3.3 mg N g<sup>-1</sup> and 5.5 mg K g<sup>-1</sup>). At lower latitudes, the late-ripening <em>M.</em> </span><em><span>sacchariflorus × sinensis</span> </em><span>GRC 14 and GRC 15 combined high yields with low nutrient contents. At the most elevated latitude location (UK), the early-ripening </span><em><span>M. sinensis × sinensis</span> </em><span>combined high biomass yields with low nutrient offtakes. The clonal <em>M. × giganteus</em> with intermediate flowering and senescence attained similar low nutrient contents by spring harvest at all four locations.</span></p> <p><span>Seasonal changes in yield and</span><span> nutrie</span><span>nt </span><span>levels analysed in this study provide: 1) a first step towards recommending hybrids for specific locations and end uses in Europe; 2) crucial data for determination of harvest time and practical steps in the valorisation of biomass; and 3) key sustainability data for life cycle assessments. Identification of trade-offs resulting from genetic × environment × management interactions are critical for increasing sustainable biomass supply from miscanthus grown on marginal lands.</span></p>
American Beaver: GPS and VHF tag data from resident and translocated beavers on the Price and San Rafael Rivers, Utah
<p>Wildlife translocations can dramatically alter animal movement behavior. Thus, identifying common movement patterns post-translocation can aid in setting expectations and anticipating animal behavior in subsequent efforts. American and Eurasian beavers (Castor canadensis; C. fiber) are frequently translocated for reintroduction efforts, to mitigate human-wildlife conflict, and for use as an ecosystem restoration tool. However, little is known about movement behavior of translocated beavers post-release, especially in desert rivers where resources are patchy and dynamic. We identified space-use patterns to develop an expectation framework of beaver movement behavior for future beaver-assisted restoration efforts. We captured, tagged, translocated, and monitored 41 nuisance American beavers in desert river restoration sites on the Price and San Rafael Rivers, Utah, USA, and compared their space use to 16 resident beavers. We tracked beavers 2-7 times per week from May through October in 2019 and 2020 via GPS locations and radio-telemetry, and from May 2019 through March 2021 via passive integrated antennae installed in the rivers. Resident adult beavers were detected at a mean maximum distance of 0.86 ± 0.21 river kilometers (km; ±1 SE), while resident subadult (11.00 ± 4.24 km), translocated adult (19.69 ± 3.76 km), and translocated subadult (21.09 ± 5.54 km) beavers were detected at substantially greater maximum distances. Based on coarse-scale movement models, translocated and resident subadult beavers moved substantially farther from release sites and faster than resident adult beavers up to six months post-release. In contrast, based on fine-scale, short-term movement models over 5-minute intervals, we observed similar median distance traveled between resident adult and translocated beavers. Our findings suggest day-to-day activities such as foraging and resting were largely unaltered by translocation, but translocated beavers exhibited coarse-scale movement behavior most similar to dispersal by resident subadults. Coarse-scale movement rates decreased with time since release, suggesting that translocated beavers adjusted to the novel environment over time and eventually settled into a home range similar to resident adult beavers. This is the first study comparing resident and translocated beaver movement behavior in the same system. Understanding translocated beaver movement behavior in response to a novel desert system can help future beaver-assisted restoration efforts to identify appropriate release sites and strategies.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
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The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
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