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392 results for “Tundra”
Relative percent cover of plant species in low nutrient LTER moist acidic tundra experimental plots (MAT06) established in 2006 for years 2008, 2010-2025, Arctic LTER Toolik Field Station Alaska.
Relative percent cover of plant species was measured in low nutrient LTER moist acidic tundra experimental plots (MAT06). Treatments include a gradient of nitrogen and phosphorus additions along with ammonium and nitrate alone.
Plant and root biomass, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus concentrations in a mesic acidic tussock tundra experimental site established in 1981(MAT81) and harvested in 2015, Arctic LTER, Toolik Lake, Alaska.
Plant and root biomass, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus were measured in 2015 in the Arctic LTER tussock tundra experimental site (MAT81). This site was established in 1981 and has been harvested in previous years (see Shaver and Chapin Ecological Monographs, 61(1), 1991, pp.1-31, https://doi.org/10.2307/1942997). Data tables include the biomass for each harvested quadrat and block summaries for percent carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus for control and fertilized plots from the original 4-block design. New control plots, established in 2015, are in a separate data table and include biomass, percent carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus for each quadrat.
Anaktuvuk River, Alaska, USA tussock tundra flowering in response to fire severity, 2008-2015
Eriophorum vaginatum flower counts from annual photographs at the severe, moderate, and unburned Anaktuvuk River, Alaska, USA flux tower sites during peak flowering season (6/17-7/20).
Carbon dioxide flux measurements and plot photographs from Arctic LTER Heath Tundra herbivore exclosures, Toolik Field Station, Alaska 2013
Ecosystem carbon dioxide (CO2) flux light response curves were measured from Arctic LTER heath tundra herbivore exclosures. Plot photographs were taken of each subplot using five consumer grade red, green and blue (RGB) wavelength camera. Structure from motion (SFM) photogrammetric method was then used to derive canopy structure. This file contains the CO2, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) data and photographs for each plot.
Modeling the effect of explicit vs implicit representation of grazing on ecosystem carbon and nitrogen cycling in response to elevated carbon dioxide and warming in arctic tussock tundra, Alaska - Dataset A
We use a simple model of coupled carbon and nitrogen cycles in terrestrial ecosystems to examine how explicitly representing grazers versus having grazer effects implicitly aggregated in with other biogeochemical processes in the model alters predicted responses to elevated carbon dioxide and warming. The aggregated approach can affect model predictions because grazer-mediated processes can respond differently to changes in climate from the processes with which they are typically aggregated. We use small-mammal grazers in arctic tundra as an example and find that the typical three-to-four-year cycling frequency is too fast for the effects of cycle peaks and troughs to be fully manifested in the ecosystem biogeochemistry. We conclude that implicitly aggregating the effects of small-mammal grazers with other processes results in an underestimation of ecosystem response to climate change relative to estimations in which the grazer effects are explicitly represented. The magnitude of this underestimation increases with grazer density. We therefore recommend that grazing effects be incorporated explicitly when applying models of ecosystem response to global change.
Modeling the effect of explicit vs implicit representation of grazing on ecosystem carbon and nitrogen cycling in response to elevated carbon dioxide and warming in arctic tussock tundra, Alaska - Dataset B
We use a simple model of coupled carbon and nitrogen cycles in terrestrial ecosystems to examine how explicitly representing grazers versus having grazer effects implicitly aggregated in with other biogeochemical processes in the model alters predicted responses to elevated carbon dioxide and warming. The aggregated approach can affect model predictions because grazer-mediated processes can respond differently to changes in climate from the processes with which they are typically aggregated. We use small-mammal grazers in arctic tundra as an example and find that the typical three-to-four-year cycling frequency is too fast for the effects of cycle peaks and troughs to be fully manifested in the ecosystem biogeochemistry. We conclude that implicitly aggregating the effects of small-mammal grazers with other processes results in an underestimation of ecosystem response to climate change relative to estimations in which the grazer effects are explicitly represented. The magnitude of this underestimation increases with grazer density. We therefore recommend that grazing effects be incorporated explicitly when applying models of ecosystem response to global change.
Eriophorum vaginatum tiller nitrogen content at the 2007 Anaktuvuk River fire scar and nearby unburned tundra measured in 2019.
Tillers from 24 Eriophorum vaginatum individuals were sampled in late July 2019 to examine differences in percent nitrogen between previously burned (Anaktuvuk River Fire) and unburned tussocks at a nearby unburned control site. At the burned site tussocks exhibiting evidence of rodent grazing were also sampled to separate herbivore effects from those of the fire. From each tussock, 3-4 new leaves were sampled (as indicated by lack of brown tips) and dried at 60°C for 24 hours, before being ground and analyzed for percent nitrogen. The goals of the project were to examine the impact of post-fire changes in plant community composition, nutrient quality and structure on habitat suitability and rodent herbivore activity in response to a large, severe, and unprecedented fire in northern Alaska moist acidic tundra.
Co-dominant removal and N and C fertilization experiment for moist meadow tundra, 2002 - 2018.
In 2002 seven experimental sites were set up in areas of moist meadow alpine tundra on Niwot Ridge. At each site, ten 1 m^2 plots were established where there was roughly even cover by two dominant plant species, Geum rossii (forb) and Deschampsia cespitosa (grass). In a factorial design, plots were assigned treatments of 1) removal of G. rossii, D. cespitosa, or control (no plant removal), and 2) nutrient addition of nitrogen (N), carbon (C), or control (no addition). A tenth plot was assigned a treatment of random biomass removal and no nutrient addition. Plots were visited annually to implement removal and fertilization treatments, and to measure plant species composition. Plant productivity was measured every other year and nematode communities once via 18S rRNA metabarcoding, together with soils. Carbon addition plots were dropped from the experiment in 2016.
AIRBORNE SPECTROMETER MEASUREMENTS FROM BOREAL AND TUNDRA SITE DURING SPRING SNOW MELT
<p>The dataset contains 10 meter resolution reflectance data from boreal and tundra sites during spring snow melt. The purpose of the airborne measurements was to investigate the effect of forest canopy and snow melting on optical remote sensing signals at the very end of melting period. The hyperspectral airborne data was acquired with an AisaDUAL imaging spectrometer on 5 May 2011 in Sodankylä and in Saariselkä, Finland. Saariselkä is a fell region and partly represents open tundra. The image swath was 240 meters and flight lines were several kilometers long. The original spatial resolution of the data is 80 cm x 80 cm, but it was resampled to pixel size of 10 m x 10 m. Snow depth was between 0 cm and 30 cm at the Sodankylä site and between 0 cm and 60 cm at the Saariselkä site implying that the spring melt was clearly more advanced in Sodankylä. Additionally, more snow-free pixels were found at Sodankylä than Saariselkä. During the measurements the sky was cloudless in Sodankylä (cloud cover 0/8) and cloudy (cloud cover 7/8) in Saariselkä. The data contains mosaics of the flight lines for the bands 555 nm, 645 nm, 858.5 nm and 1640 nm for both study sites.</p>
Data on ground ice, organic carbon and soluble cations in tundra permafrost and active-layer soils near Lac de Gras in the Slave Geological Province, N.W.T., Canada
<p>Data and computer code for producing figures for the manuscript:</p> <p>Subedi, R., Kokelj, S. V., and Gruber, S.: Ground ice, organic carbon and soluble cations <br> in tundra permafrost soils and sediments near a Laurentide ice divide in the Slave <br> Geological Province, N.W.T., Canada. The Cryosphere, accepted for publication in October 2020. </p> <p>Discussion paper and final version: https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2020-33</p> <p> </p> <p>==========================================================================================<br> CONTENT OF DIRECTORIES<br> ==========================================================================================<br> -– data [input data to produce plots]<br> |–– BoreholesMeta.csv<br> |–– brackets_photos_ice.csv<br> |–– brackets_photos_thawed.csv<br> |–– Lac_de_Gras_permafrost_20200612.csv<br> |–– NordicanaD<br> <br> |–– ds_000582159 [authoritative copy at doi: 10.5885/45558XD-EBDE74B80CE146C6]<br> |–– Cored_Drill_TCR.csv<br> |–– Cored_Drill_TCR.csv_ReadMe.txt<br> <br> |–– ds_000582163 [authoritative copy at doi: 10.5885/45558XD-EBDE74B80CE146C6]<br> |–– Cored_Drill_Logs.csv_ReadMe.txt<br> |–– Cored_Drill_Logs.csv</p> <p>–– plot [R scripts write plots into this subdirectory]</p> <p>–– src [R scripts to generate plots]<br> |–– Combined_Plots.R [produces Figures 3–6]<br> |–– Eskers.R [helper function called by Combined_Plots.R]<br> |–– Organics.R [helper function called by Combined_Plots.R]<br> |–– plot_boreholes_DD_single.R [produces Figures S3]<br> |–– plot_boreholes_DD.R [produces raw Figure S2 for further graphic processing]<br> |–– Till.R [helper function called by Combined_Plots.R]<br> |–– Valley.R [helper function called by Combined_Plots.R]</p> <p><br> ==========================================================================================<br> RUNNING SCRIPTS<br> ==========================================================================================</p> <p>Adjust the variable 'path' in these scrips, then run: <br> Combined_Plots.R<br> plot_boreholes_DD_single.R<br> plot_boreholes_DD.R </p> <p>Tested with R version 3.6.3 (2020-02-29) -- "Holding the Windsock"</p> <p> </p> <p>==========================================================================================<br> REFRERENCE<br> ==========================================================================================<br> Please note that the data contained in data/NordicanaD is published as Gruber et al. (2018)<br> and only included here for convenience. The full reference for the authoritative copy is: <br> <br> Gruber, S., Brown, N., Stewart-Jones, E., Karunaratne, K., Riddick, J., Peart, C., <br> Subedi, R., Kokelj, S. 2018. Drill logs, visible ice content and core photos from 2015 <br> surficial drilling in the Canadian Shield tundra near Lac de Gras, Northwest Territories, <br> Canada, v. 1.0 (2015-2015). Nordicana D38, doi: 10.5885/45558XD-EBDE74B80CE146C6. <br> http://www.cen.ulaval.ca/nordicanad/dpage.aspx?doi=45558XD-EBDE74B80CE146C6 </p>
Indicative distribution map for Ecosystem Functional Group T6.3 Polar tundra and deserts
<p>This archive contains indicative distribution maps and profiles for <strong>T6.3 Polar tundra and deserts</strong>, a ecosystem functional group (EFG, level 3) of the <a href="https://global-ecosystems.org/">IUCN Global Ecosystem Typology</a> (v2.0). Please refer to Keith <em>et al.</em> (2020) for details.</p> <p>The descriptive profiles provide brief summaries of key ecological traits and processes, maps are indicative of global distribution patterns, and are not intended to represent fine-scale patterns. The maps show areas of the world containing major (value of 1, coloured red) or minor occurrences (value of 2, coloured yellow) of each ecosystem functional group. Minor occurrences are areas where an ecosystem functional group is scattered in patches within matrices of other ecosystem functional groups or where they occur in substantial areas, but only within a segment of a larger region. Given bounds of resolution and accuracy of source data, the maps should be used to query which EFG are likely to occur within areas, rather than which occur at particular point locations. Detailed methods and references for the maps are included in the profile (xml format).</p>
Multiple biogeochemical variables were measured for organic and mineral soils on Arctic LTER experimental plots in moist acidic and non-acidic tundra, Arctic LTER Toolik Field Station, Alaska 2013.
Measures of soil nutrient content (available N and P, Extractable N and P, Total C, N and P), and microbial biomass and activity (exoenzyme activity) were measured for organic and mineral soils on Arctic LTER experimental plots at Toolik field station in moist acidic and non-acidic tundra (organic soils only).
Eriophorum vaginatum flowers and mass per tiller in tussock tundra sites along the Dalton Highway, Alaska 2016
These measurements repeat the measurements made by Shaver et al. (1986) along the Dalton Highway at some of the same sites. Shaver, G. R., N. Fetcher, and F. S. Chapin III. 1986. Growth and flowering in Eriophorum vaginatum: Annual and latitudinal variation. Ecology 67:1524-1535.
Relative percent cover and leaf nutrients was measured for plant species on Arctic LTER experimental plots in moist acidic and non-acid tundra, Arctic LTER Toolik Field Station, Alaska 2015
Relative percent cover was measured for plant species on Arctic LTER experimental plots at Toolik field station in moist acidic and non-acidic tundra in greenhouse and control plots. Leaf percent carbon, percent nitrogen and percent phosphorus were collected from dominant species in greenhouse and control plots on Arctic LTER experimental plots at Toolik field station in moist acidic, non-acidic tundra, wet sedge and shrub tundra
Soil biogeochemical variables collected on the Arctic LTER experimental plots in moist acidic, moist non-acidic, wet shrub and shrub tundra, Arctic LTER Toolik Field Station, Alaska 2015
We investigated the effect of long-term warming on multiple soil and microbial carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus pools, and microbial extracellular enzyme activities, with a particular focus on phosphorus, in Alaskan tundra plots underlain by permafrost
Tussock height and diameter in moist acidic tussock tundra at the site of the 2007 Anaktuvuk River fire scar, and nearby unburned tundra measured in 2016
This dataset consists of Eriophorum vaginatum tussock height and width (diameter) measurements, and was used to evaluate differences in physical strucutre of previously burned tundra (2007 Anaktuvuk River fire) and nearby unburned tundra. At each site, all tussocks that intersected four 100 meter transects were measured from soil surface to tussock top in four cardinal directions, and diameter was measured in two directions. These data were used to examine the impact of post-fire changes in plant community composition and structure on habitat suitability and rodent herbivore activity in response to a large, severe, and unprecedented fire in northern Alaska moist acidic tundra.
Tussock (Eriophorum vaginatum) density, mortality, and rodent-herbivore activity in moist acidic tussock tundra at the site of the 2007 Anaktuvuk River fire and nearby unburned tundra, measured in 2019
This dataset consists of tussock density, mortality rates and causes, and an assesment of rodent-herbivore activity levels in previously burned (2007 Anaktuvuk River fire) and unburned tussock tundra. Eriophourm vaginatum tussocks were counted every meter within a 1 square meter quadrat along three transects. Cause of tussock mortality, as well as level of rodent herbivory was assessed for each tussock, and rodent herbivore activity was assessed for each quadrat. The goal of the project was to examine the impact of post-fire changes in plant community composition and structure on habitat suitability and rodent herbivore activity in response to a large, severe, and unprecedented fire in northern Alaska moist acidic tundra.
Leaf area index (LAI) by plant functional group in moist acidic tussock tundra, at the 2007 Anaktuvuk River fire scar measured in 2017
This file contains leaf area index (LAI) based on biomass measurements from an aboveground pluck in the southern portion of the Anaktuvuk River fire scar, and a nearby unburned site in late July 2017. Vegetation was sampled randomly at 10-m intervals along two 100 meter transects at both the burned and unburned sites. Vegetation was sampled within a 10X40 cm quadrat to the mineral layer, and plant material was sorted into new and old aboveground leaf and woody biomass by species. All samples were dried and weighed, and subsampled leaf material was scanned to determine specific leaf area (centimeterSquaredPerGram biomass) per species, which was then used to transform leaf biomass (gramPerMeterSquared) into the leaf area index for each site.
Soil and plant biogeochemical and soil temperature variables collected at brown lemming (Lemmus trimucronatus) and tundra vole (Microtus oeconomus) structure sties near Nome, Toolik Lake, and Utqaigvik, Alaska, summer 2018-2020
Soil and plant sampling analysis under small mammal-built structures and controls sites from near the Team Vole fences: Nome, Toolik, Utqiagvik, AK 2018-2020.
Eriophorum tiller length in simulated herbivory experiment in moist acidic tundra experimental plots, Arctic LTER, Toolik Field Station, North Slope Alaska, from 2018 to 2021.
Tiller length of Eriophorum vaginatum subjected to fertilization and simulated herbivory from 2018 until 2021. Plants were part of a fertilization experiment begun in 2006 and included four levels of nutrient addition. For the simulated herbivory experiment, plants were not clipped, clipped once in 2018, or clipped every year of the experiment.
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