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Fig.11 - MSNM i28042. Megalodon guembelii Stoppani, 1860-65 in The Stoppani Collection of Large Bivalves (Bivalvia, Megalodontida) from the Upper Triassic of Lombardy, Italy

Fig.11 - MSNM i28042. Megalodon guembelii Stoppani, 1860-65. Plaster cast of a specimen from Songavazzo (Bergamo) illustrated by Stoppani, Tav. 56, figg. 1-2. x 1.26 ca.

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Fig.7 - MSNM i28042. Dicerocardium ragazzonii Stoppani, 1860-65 in The Stoppani Collection of Large Bivalves (Bivalvia, Megalodontida) from the Upper Triassic of Lombardy, Italy

Fig.7 - MSNM i28042. Dicerocardium ragazzonii Stoppani, 1860-65. Plaster reconstruction of an internal mould. x 0.74 ca.

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Fig.6 - MSNM i28036 a,b. Dicerocardium curionii Stoppani, 1860-65 in The Stoppani Collection of Large Bivalves (Bivalvia, Megalodontida) from the Upper Triassic of Lombardy, Italy

Fig.6 - MSNM i28036 a,b. Dicerocardium curionii Stoppani, 1860-65. Reconstruction of A) right valve and B) left valve. Stoppani, 1860-65. Tav. 52. x 0.5 ca.

Fig. 2 in Facies Associations And Microfossils From The Middle-Upper Triassic Limestones Of The Transilvanian Nappes (Perșani Mountains, Eastern Carpathians, Romania)

Fig. 2 Outcrop images and location of the studied olistoliths [a, b: outcrops - of the Old Racoș Quarry; c location of the studied olistoliths and position of the most important topographic elements (A-Old Racoș Quarry and Olt Gorges section, samples 1-31 and 32-100; B-Tipia Racoșului section, samples 101-171; C-Tipia Ormenișului section, samples 172-220); d General view over the Tipia Racoșului Hill (black rectangle); e General view of the Olt Gorges and Tipia Ormenișului Hill (black rectangle).

Fig. 5 in Facies Associations And Microfossils From The Middle-Upper Triassic Limestones Of The Transilvanian Nappes (Perșani Mountains, Eastern Carpathians, Romania)

Fig. 5 Microproblematic organisms from the Triassic limestones of the studied area. a Bacinella ordinata Pantić. b Tubiphytes sp. c Plexoramea cerebriformis Mello. d Perturbatacrusta leini Schlagintweit & Gawlick. e Radiomura cautica Senowbari-Daryan & Scheffer. f Taumathoporella parvovesiculifera (Raineri). g Ladinella porata Ott. h Baccanella floriformis Pantić. i Rivularia sp. j "Solenopora" sp. a: sample 52, Olt Gorges section; b: sample 90, Olt Gorges section; c: sample 38, Olt Gorges section; d: sample 74, Olt Gorges section; e: sample 143, Tipia Racoșuluai section; f: sample 39, Olt Gorges section; g: sample 47, Olt Gorges section; h: sample 75, Olt Gorges section. Scale bar: a-c, e-h: 0.25 mm; d, i-j: 0.5 mm.

Fig. 1 a in Facies Associations And Microfossils From The Middle-Upper Triassic Limestones Of The Transilvanian Nappes (Perșani Mountains, Eastern Carpathians, Romania)

Fig. 1 a Geological map of the studied area and location of studied sections [(A-Olt Gorges section and the Old Racoș Quarry; B-Tipia Racoșului section; C-Tipia Ormenișului section) (redrawn from Popescu et al., 1976)]; b Olistoliths from the Perșani Mountains and their relationship with other sedimentary units (redrawn from Patrulius et al., 1996) (not at scale); c Carbonate successions of the Triassic deposits from the olistoliths belonging to the Perșani and Olt nappes (Hăghimaș, Surmanu and Pietrele lui Murgoci sections) (redrawn from Patrulius et al., 1996); d Distribution of the olistoliths on the teritory of the central and northern Perșani Mountains (redrawn from Patrulius et al., 1996).

Fig. 4 in Facies Associations And Microfossils From The Middle-Upper Triassic Limestones Of The Transilvanian Nappes (Perșani Mountains, Eastern Carpathians, Romania)

Fig. 4 Foraminifera from the Triassic limetones of the studied area. a Endotriadella wirzi Koehn-Zaninetti; b Meandrospira dinarica Kochansky-Devidé & Pantić; c Duostominid foraminifera; d Turriglomina mesotriasica Koehn-Zaninetti; e Endoteba sp; f Endotriada sp.; g, l Paleolituonella sp.; h, i Ophtalmidium sp; j Nodosariid foraminifera; k Earlandia sp. a: sample 20, Old Racoș Quarry; b: sample 19B, Old Racoș Quarry; c: sample 9, Old Racoș Quarry; d: sample 219, Tipia Ormenișului section; e: sample 40, Olt Gorges section; f: sample 44, Olt Gorges section; g, h: sample 183, Tipia Ormenișului section; i: sample 52, Olt Gorges section; j: sample 39, Olt Gorges section; k: sample 19c, Old Racoș Quarry; l: sample 118, Tipia Racoșului section. Scale bar: 0.25 mm.

Fig. 3 a in Facies Associations And Microfossils From The Middle-Upper Triassic Limestones Of The Transilvanian Nappes (Perșani Mountains, Eastern Carpathians, Romania)

Fig. 3 a Boundstone with peloidal packstone-grainstone internal sediment. Corals are encrusted by Tubiphytes sp (yellow arrows); b Sponge bioconstruction with Solenolmia manon manon. The internal sediment contains encrusting organisms (Tubiphytes sp.-red arrow, Ladinella porata-yellow arrow); c Brecciated intraclastic peloidal rudstone with encrusting organism (Tubiphytes sp.-yellow arrow); d Bioclastic grainstone with encrusting organisms; e Dolomitized wackestone-packstone. It contains abundant cyanobacteria nodules (Rivularia sp.-yellow arrow), bivalves and gastropods. Euhedral dolomite crystals are present within the micritic sediment; f Dolomitized wackestone-packstone with cyanobacteria nodules and black pebble type intrasclasts; g Fenestral wackestone-packstone with cyanobacteria (Rivularia sp.), fragments of "Solenopora" sp. and bivalves. Millimetre sized fenestral structures (white arrows) contain vadose silt and geopetal sediment. Meniscus micrite is present between peloids and other intraclasts; h Fenestral wackestone with black pebbles (yellow arrows). It contains rare bivalves and cyanobacteria nodules. The fenestral structures contain vadose silt and geopetal sediment. a: sample 80, Olt Gorges section; b: sample 77, Olt Gorges section; c: sample 55, Olt Gorges section; d: sample 30, Old Racoș Quarry; e, f: sample 173, Tipia Ormenișului section; g: sample 174, Tipia Ormenișului section; h: sample 175, Tipia Or-

Fig. 6 in Facies Associations And Microfossils From The Middle-Upper Triassic Limestones Of The Transilvanian Nappes (Perșani Mountains, Eastern Carpathians, Romania)

Fig. 6 Sponges from the Triassic limestones of the studied area. a,b Solenolmia manon manon (Münster). c Celyphia zoldana Ott, Pisa & Farabegoli. d Colospongia catenulata catenulata Ott. a: sample 13, Olt Gorges section; b: sample 77, Olt Gorges section; c-sample 103, Tipia Racoșului section; d: sample 195, Tipia Ormenișului section. Scale bar: 1 mm.

FIGURE 5 in A large, pathological skeleton of Smilosuchus gregorii (Archosauriformes: Phytosauria) from the Upper Triassic of Arizona, U.S.A., with discussion of the paleobiological implications of paleopathology in fossil archosauromorphs

FIGURE 5. Right (A, B) and incomplete left (C, D) humeri of USNM 18313 in dorsal/lateral (A, C) and ventral/medial (B, D) views. Abbreviations: ect = ectepicondyle; eg = entepicondylar groove; ent = entepicondyle; hh = humeral head; pb = pathological bone; x-x' = location of histological thin-section shown in Figure 5. Scale bar equals 5 cm.

FIGURE 2 in A large, pathological skeleton of Smilosuchus gregorii (Archosauriformes: Phytosauria) from the Upper Triassic of Arizona, U.S.A., with discussion of the paleobiological implications of paleopathology in fossil archosauromorphs

FIGURE 2. Stratigraphy of the lower Chinle in the vicinity of St. Johns, Arizona. Blue Hills and St. Johns Landfill sections from Heckert and Lucas (2003), St. Johns South section is new to this study and described in Appendix 2.

FIGURE 1 in A large, pathological skeleton of Smilosuchus gregorii (Archosauriformes: Phytosauria) from the Upper Triassic of Arizona, U.S.A., with discussion of the paleobiological implications of paleopathology in fossil archosauromorphs

FIGURE 1. Index maps showing the geographic position of the study area in the USA (A) and on a generalized geologic map of east-central Arizona (B) showing the most prolific Triassic localities in east-central Arizona, including the Blue Hills (BH), Big Hollow Wash (BHW) and Blue Mesa (BM) in the Petrified Forest National Park (PFNP). The specimen described here probably came from the Blue Hills but may have come from Big Hollow Wash. The modern administrative boundary of the PFNP is in black, the approximate outline of the smaller monument in 1948 is marked by the white inset. Arizona Maps modified from Richard et al., 2002, Arizona Geological Survey publication DGM-17 (http://data.azgs.az.gov/geologic-map-of-arizona)

FIGURE 8 in A large, pathological skeleton of Smilosuchus gregorii (Archosauriformes: Phytosauria) from the Upper Triassic of Arizona, U.S.A., with discussion of the paleobiological implications of paleopathology in fossil archosauromorphs

FIGURE 8. Left (A, B) and right (C, D) ulnae of USNM 18313 in medial (A, D) and lateral (B, C) views. Abbreviations: op = olecranon process; pb = pathological bone; pbl = pathological bone lesion; ra = radial articulation. Scale bar equals 5 cm.

FIGURE 4 in A large, pathological skeleton of Smilosuchus gregorii (Archosauriformes: Phytosauria) from the Upper Triassic of Arizona, U.S.A., with discussion of the paleobiological implications of paleopathology in fossil archosauromorphs

FIGURE 4. Reconstruction of the skeleton of USNM 18313 in left lateral view. Preserved bones are in white, bones that were not preserved are in gray, and pathological elements are in yellow.

FIGURE 7 in A large, pathological skeleton of Smilosuchus gregorii (Archosauriformes: Phytosauria) from the Upper Triassic of Arizona, U.S.A., with discussion of the paleobiological implications of paleopathology in fossil archosauromorphs

FIGURE 7. Histological section of left humerus of USNM 18313 in distal view (A-B) Overview of complete section showing regions highlighted in C-D, with color-added version (B) to highlight different tissues. (C) Normal lamellar cortical bone (top) transitions into the woven bone of the medullary cavity (bottom); (D) Periosteal new bone formation composed of woven bone arranged nearly perpendicularly to the eroded lamellar cortical surface; fragments of normal cortical bone and remodeled bone are taphonomically juxtaposed. Abbreviations: ecb = eroded cortical bone; LAGs = lines of arrested growth; lcb = lamellar cortical bone; mc, medullary cavity; pnb = new periosteal bone (pathological); rb = remodeled bone. Colors: red = spongy bone of medullary region; yellow = lamellar cortical bone; blue, periosteal new bone (pathological); green = remodeled bone (pathological). Scale bars equal 1 cm (a-b) and 5 mm (c-d).

FIGURE 3 in A large, pathological skeleton of Smilosuchus gregorii (Archosauriformes: Phytosauria) from the Upper Triassic of Arizona, U.S.A., with discussion of the paleobiological implications of paleopathology in fossil archosauromorphs

FIGURE 3. Nearly complete skull of USNM 18313 showing taxonomically relevant morphological details. (A) Stereopair of nearly complete skull in right dorsolateral view. (B) Stereopair of skull in posterior view. (C) Posterior portion of skull in dorsal view, with yellow line indicating ODCL. (D) Close-up of right squamosal region in posterior view. Abbeviations: aofe = antorbital fenestra; en = external naris; dps = descending process of squamosal; ltf = lateral temporal fenestra; lfm = lateral flare of maxilla; lfpm = lateral flare of premaxilla; nc = narial crest; ODCL = orbito-dorsal cranial length (after Hurlburt et al., 2003); o = orbit; rs = ridge on squamosal. Scale bars equal 5 cm.

FIGURE 31 in Chinlechelys from the Upper Triassic of New Mexico, USA, and the origin of turtles

FIGURE 31. Otic structures of the Pareiasauridae and Chinlechelys: 1, Embrithosaurus schwarzi skull fragment in ventral view (from Van Den Brant et al., 2019), showing the simple otic notch; 2, Anthodon pricei skull in ventral view (image from Mike S.Y. Lee) showing the conical shape in one dimension of the notch in this pareiasaur, previously hypothesized to be close to Testudines; 3, ventral view of the skull fragment of Chinlechelys showing the cone-shaped (in two dimensions) otic conch.

FIGURE 8 in Chinlechelys from the Upper Triassic of New Mexico, USA, and the origin of turtles

FIGURE 8. Part of skull of Chinlechelys tenertesta, NMMNH P-16697-12: 1, stereograph of the left posterior portion of Chinlechelys skull in ventral view; 2, line drawing highlighting major features of the skull fragment; 3, prootic and opistotic viewed from opposite sides, orientation unknown; 4, skull of Anthodon serrarius modified from Lee (1993) with the bones corresponding to those identified in Chinlechelys highlighted. Abbreviations: po, jugal; qj, quadratojugal; sq, squamosal; te, temporal emargination.

FIGURE 10. Chinlechelys tenertesta NMMNH P-16697-15 in Chinlechelys from the Upper Triassic of New Mexico, USA, and the origin of turtles

FIGURE 10. Chinlechelys tenertesta NMMNH P-16697-15, Neural plates and thoracic vertebrae 1-3 in 1, anterior; 2, right lateral; 3, posterior views; and 4, a close up of the anterior process of the right rib 3.

FIGURE 26 in Chinlechelys from the Upper Triassic of New Mexico, USA, and the origin of turtles

FIGURE 26. Phylogeny resulting from our initial analysis with Eunotosaurus and two caseids included. Bremer support values above one are listed above nodes and bootstrap values above 50% are listed below nodes.