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64 results for “Urban health”
Figure 1 from: Hyam R (2020) Greenness, mortality and mental health prescription rates in urban Scotland - a population level, observational study. Research Ideas and Outcomes 6: e53542. https://doi.org/10.3897/rio.6.e53542
Figure 1 An area of south central Edinburgh illustrating distribution of sample points within Data Zones. Background is OpenStreetMap. Black outlines are DataZone boundaries. Blue dots are small user postcode locations that are used for sampling. Green shading represents summer-greenness (NDVI).
Supplementary material 4 from: Hyam R (2020) Greenness, mortality and mental health prescription rates in urban Scotland - a population level, observational study. Research Ideas and Outcomes 6: e53542. https://doi.org/10.3897/rio.6.e53542
Results Data Tables
Supplementary material 3 from: Hyam R (2020) Greenness, mortality and mental health prescription rates in urban Scotland - a population level, observational study. Research Ideas and Outcomes 6: e53542. https://doi.org/10.3897/rio.6.e53542
Small User Postcodes
Public health and economic benefits of spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta) in a peri-urban system
<p>Species that depend on anthropogenic waste for food can remove pathogens that pose health risks to humans and livestock, thereby saving lives and money. Quantifying these benefits is rare, yet can lead to innovative conservation solutions.</p> <p>To assess these benefits, we examined the feeding ecology and population size of peri-urban spotted hyenas (<i>Crocuta crocuta</i>) in Mekelle, Ethiopia. We integrated these field data into a disease transmission model to predict: a) the number of anthrax and bovine tuberculosis (bTB) infections arising in humans and livestock from infected carcass waste, and b) the costs associated with treating these infections and losing livestock. We compared these public health and economic outcomes under two scenarios: a) hyenas are present, and b) the counterfactual, hyenas are absent.</p> <p>We estimated that hyenas annually remove 4.2% (207 tonnes) of the total carcass waste disposed of by residents and businesses in Mekelle. Furthermore, the scavenging behaviour of hyenas annually prevents five infections of anthrax and bTB in humans, and 140 infections in cattle, sheep and goats. This disease control service potentially saves USD 52,165 due to the treatment costs and livestock loss avoided.</p> <p><i>Synthesis and applications</i>. This human-hyena interaction in Ethiopia is evidence that large carnivores can contribute to human health and economy. To retain these benefits and maintain tolerance of hyenas, we recommend: introducing education programs to promote safe outdoor behaviour around hyenas, training watchdogs to alert residents of hyena presence, constructing bomas to protect livestock from hyena attacks, and preserving the hyenas' access to carcass waste to reduce their dependency on livestock predation. With humans and carnivores coming more frequently into contact, understanding and communicating how these species can benefit humanity will be critical to motivating human-carnivore coexistence worldwide.</p>
Data from: Urbanization as a facilitator of gene flow in a human health pest
Urban fragmentation can reduce gene flow that isolates populations, reduces genetic diversity and increases population differentiation, all of which have negative conservation implications. Alternatively, gene flow may actually be increased among urban areas consistent with an urban facilitation model. In fact, urban adapter pests are able to thrive in the urban environment and may be experiencing human-mediated transport. Here, we used social network theory with a population genetic approach to investigate the impact of urbanization on genetic connectivity in the Western black widow spider, as an urban pest model of human health concern. We collected genomewide SNP variation from mitochondrial and nuclear ddRAD sequence datasets from 210 individuals sampled from 11 urban and 10 non-urban locales across its distribution of the Western U.S. From urban and non-urban contrasts of population, phylogenetic, and network analyses, urban locales have higher within-population genetic diversity, lower between-population genetic differentiation, and higher estimates of genetic connectivity. Social network analyses show that urban locales not only have more connections, but can act as hubs that drive connectivity among non-urban locales, which show signatures of historical isolation. These results are consistent with an urban facilitation model of gene flow, and demonstrate the importance of sampling multiple cities and markers to identify the role that urbanization has had on larger spatial scales. As the urban landscape continues to grow, this approach will help determine what factors influence the spread and adaptation of pests, like the venomous black widow spider, in building policies for human and biodiversity health.
Data from: Socioeconomic status effects on health vary between rural and urban Turkana
<p>Background and objectives: Understanding the social determinants of health is a major goal in evolutionary biology and human health research. Low socioeconomic status (often operationalized as absolute material wealth) is consistently associated with chronic stress, poor health, and premature death in high income countries. However, the degree to which wealth gradients in health are universal<span>—</span>or are instead made even steeper under contemporary, post-industrial conditions<span>—</span>remains poorly understood.</p> <p>Methodology: We quantified absolute material wealth and several health outcomes among a population of traditional pastoralists, the Turkana of northwest Kenya, who are currently transitioning toward a more urban, market-integrated lifestyle. We assessed whether wealth associations with health differed in subsistence-level versus urban contexts. We also explored the causes and consequences of wealth-health associations by measuring serum cortisol, potential sociobehavioral mediators in early life and adulthood, and adult reproductive success (number of surviving offspring).</p> <p>Results: Higher socioeconomic status and greater material wealth predicts better self-reported health and more offspring in traditional pastoralist Turkana, but worse cardiometabolic health and fewer offspring in urban Turkana. We do not find robust evidence for either direct biological mediators (i.e., cortisol) or indirect sociobehavioral mediators (e.g., adult diet or health behaviors, early life experiences) of wealth-health relationships in either context.</p> <p>Conclusions and implications: While social gradients in health are well-established across a variety of primate species, and in humans, across a variety of socioecological contexts, we show that the relationship between wealth and health can vary within a single population. Our findings emphasize that changes in economic and societal circumstances may directly alter how, why, and under what conditions socioeconomic status is predictive of health.</p>
Adapting an Evidence-based Intervention for Stigma-related Stress, Mental Health, and HIV Risk for MSM of Color in Small Urban Areas
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03464422. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Public health and economic benefits of spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta) in a peri-urban system
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Data from: Urbanization as a facilitator of gene flow in a human health pest
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Socioeconomic status effects on health vary between rural and urban Turkana
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Health-related lifestyle behaviors among male and female rural-to-urban migrant workers in Shanghai, China
Background: Lifestyle behaviors significantly impact health, yet remain poorly defined in Chinese rural-to-urban migrants. Methods: In a cross-sectional study of health-related behaviors of 5484 rural-to-urban migrants who had worked in Shanghai for at least six months, we assessed the contribution of demographics and physical and mental health to lifestyle behaviors in male and female participants by multiple stepwise cumulative odds logistic regression. Results: Respondents were 51.3% male. 9.9% exhibited abnormal blood pressure; 27.0% were overweight or obese; 11.2% reported abnormal mental health; 36.9% reported healthy lifestyle. Multiple stepwise cumulative odds logistic regression indicated that men working in manufacturing reported less unhealthy lifestyle than those in hospitality (cumulative odds ratio (COR) = 1.806, 95%CI 1.275–2.559) or recreation/leisure (COR = 3.248, 95%CI 2.379–4.435); and women working in manufacturing and construction reported less unhealthy lifestyle than those in all other sectors. Unhealthy lifestyle was associated with small workplaces for men (COR = 1.422, 95%CI 1.154–1.752), working more than 8 or 11 hours per day for women and men, respectively, and earning over 3500 RMB in women (COR = 1.618, 95%CI 1.137–2.303). Single women and women who had previously resided in three or more cities were more likely to report unhealthy lifestyle (COR = 2.023, 95%CI 1.664–2.461, and COR = 1.311, 95%CI 1.072–1.602, respectively). Abnormal mental status was also correlated with unhealthy lifestyle in men (COR = 3.105, 95%CI 2.454–3.930) and women (COR = 2.566, 95%CI 2.024–3.252). Conclusions: There were different risk factors of unhealthy lifestyle score in male and female rural-to-urban migrants, especially in number of cities experienced, salary, marital status, work place scale. Several demographic groups: employment sectors (e.g. hospitality and recreation/leisure), working conditions (e.g. long hours) and abnormal mental status were associated with unhealthy lifestyle behaviors in Chinese rural-to-urban migrants, and health interventions should be targeted to these groups.
Improving Mental Health and School Performance in Urban Eighth Graders
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03906682. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Feasibility of Implementing a Mental Health Care Program and Home-based Training for Mothers of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder in an Urban Population in Bangladesh
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03025646. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Urban Health Study II
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01402466. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Urban Transformations and Health: the Case of TransMiCable in Bogotá
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03741582. IPD Sharing: UNDECIDED. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Heat Waves, Urban Heat Islands, and Wellbeing and Health: a Mobile Sensing Approach
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06850025. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Effects of Urban Afforestation Activity on Mental Health
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05362552. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Implementation of Teleophthalmology in Urban Health Systems Study
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05773495. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
A Sleep Hygiene Intervention to Improve Sleep Health in Urban, Latino Middle School Children
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06942455. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 2. Publications: 0.
Fighting Climate Change: Urban Greennes, Active Mobility and Health Co-benefits.
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04742179. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.