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FIGURE 5 in Description of a new species of the newt genus Tylototriton sensu lato (Amphibia: Urodela: Salamandridae) from southwestern China

FIGURE 5. Living photos of the larva of Tylototriton tongziensis sp. nov. A, dorsal view of CIB WB2020202. B, lateral view. C, ventral view.

FIGURE 4 in Description of a new species of the newt genus Tylototriton sensu lato (Amphibia: Urodela: Salamandridae) from southwestern China

FIGURE 4. Photos of the holotype specimen CIB WB2020190. A, dorsal view, B, ventral view. C, dorsal view of head. D, ventral view of head. E, oral cavity. F, cloaca. G, tail.

FIGURE 1 in Description of a new species of the newt genus Tylototriton sensu lato (Amphibia: Urodela: Salamandridae) from southwestern China

FIGURE 1. The location of the type locality of Tylototriton tongziensis sp. nov., Huanglian Nature Reserve, Tongzi County, Guizhou Province, China.

FIGURE 3 in Description of a new species of the newt genus Tylototriton sensu lato (Amphibia: Urodela: Salamandridae) from southwestern China

FIGURE 3. Photos of the holotype CIB WB2020190 in life. A, dorsal view. B, lateral view. C, ventral view. D, dorsal view of head. E, ventral view of head. F, ventral view of the hand. G, ventral view of the foot. H, cloaca. I, tail.

FIGURE 2 in Description of a new species of the newt genus Tylototriton sensu lato (Amphibia: Urodela: Salamandridae) from southwestern China

FIGURE 2. Bayesian inference and maximum-likelihood phylogenies based on mitochondrial 16S + ND2 genes. Bayesian posterior probabilities (BPP)/the bootstrap supports for maximum likelihood method is denoted beside node. For the species with more than one samples used, number at the terminal of the lineage corresponds to the ID in Table 1 and the collecting locality is labelled. Clades I-V are corresponding to five clades recognized in Wang et al. (2018).

FIGURE 6 in Description of a new species of the newt genus Tylototriton sensu lato (Amphibia: Urodela: Salamandridae) from southwestern China

FIGURE 6. Habitats of Tylototriton tongziensis sp. nov. in the type locality, Huanglian Nature Reserve, Tongzi County, Guizhou Province, China. A, landscape of montane forests. B, a mountain stream occupied by the species.

FIGURE 12. A in A nomenclatural and taxonomic review of the salamanders (Urodela) from Holbrook's North American Herpetology

FIGURE 12. A Holbrook specimen (ANSP 460) of Amphiuma means from "South Carolina" that matches the measurements, proportions, and approximate orientation of Holbrook (1842e)'s illustration by Thomas M. Logan M.D. (Fig. 11). Note the dissection of the lower jaw facilitating Holbrook's description of oral morphology. Ruler closest to specimen is marked in cm.

FIGURE 3 in A nomenclatural and taxonomic review of the salamanders (Urodela) from Holbrook's North American Herpetology

FIGURE 3. Illustration of a primary syntype of Salamandra auriculata Holbrook, 1838b, and a specimen (MNHN-RA 0.4675) from "Georgie [Woodmanston Plantation near Riceboro, Liberty County, Georgia]," here designated as lectotype, in dorsal (a, c) and ventral (b, d) views. The remaining primary syntypes of unknown number and disposition thereby become paralectotypes. This is a "type by association" (Bell 1996; Pyron and Beamer 2020), as we infer that it is the ANSP specimen from Holbrook described by Hallowell (1858), sent by Hallowell from Philadelphia to the MNHN in Paris in December 1856. Grid is in cm.

FIGURE 8 in A nomenclatural and taxonomic review of the salamanders (Urodela) from Holbrook's North American Herpetology

FIGURE 8. Lot (USNM 3981) containing the lectotype (larger specimen) of Salamandra granulata De Kay in Holbrook, 1842e, type locality "from the northern districts of New York," in dorsal (a) and ventral (b) views. This specimen was illustrated (Fig. 7) in both Holbrook (1842e) and De Kay (1842). The smaller specimen, part of the original lot and described by De Kay (1842), thereby becomes a paralectotype. Images adapted courtesy of the NMNH. Ruler is marked in cm.

FIGURE 2. A in A nomenclatural and taxonomic review of the salamanders (Urodela) from Holbrook's North American Herpetology

FIGURE 2. A Holbrook specimen of Plethodon glutinosus sensu lato (MNHN-RA 0.4666), used as a primary syntype of Plethodon variolosum Duméril, Bibron, and Duméril, 1854 in dorsal (a), lateral (b), and ventral (c) views, here designated as the lectotype. The other syntypes thereby become paralectotypes, including MNHN-RA 0.4667 and MNHN-RA 2008.315 from Harlan, and others from Milbert. Images courtesy of A. Ohler, A. Fraysse, and the MNHN. No fixed scale-bar available

FIGURE 10 in A nomenclatural and taxonomic review of the salamanders (Urodela) from Holbrook's North American Herpetology

FIGURE 10. Holbrook (1842e)'s illustration by J. Queen in (a) dorsal and (b) ventral views, and specimen ANSP 14001 (c; dorsal view) of Triton niger (Green, 1818). This specimen bears an erroneous locality of "Penns." in the ANSP catalog but is likely from the series that Holbrook notes he has collected in Georgia and "Carolina." Ruler is in mm.

FIGURE 1 in A nomenclatural and taxonomic review of the salamanders (Urodela) from Holbrook's North American Herpetology

FIGURE 1. One of Holbrook's primary syntype specimens (ANSP 716) of Salamandra gutto-lineata Holbrook, 1838a in dorsal (a) and ventral (b) views, here designated as the lectotype. Consequently, ANSP 717 and the two other primary syntypes of unknown location and disposition (one of them a male with cirri) thereby become paralectotypes. Of these two missing paralectotypes, we cannot be certain if MNHN-RA 0.4668 is one of them. We were unable to match the handwriting on the label; it may be Cope, Fowler, Dunn, or another worker. Ruler is in mm.

FIGURE 9 in A nomenclatural and taxonomic review of the salamanders (Urodela) from Holbrook's North American Herpetology

FIGURE 9. Lectotype (ANSP 490) of Salamandra quadridigitata Holbrook, 1842e, type locality in the vicinity of Charleston, S.C. The remaining primary syntypes, of unknown number and disposition, thereby become paralectotypes. This specimen was erroneously considered the holotype by Mittleman (1967), Malnate (1971), and Wray et al. (2017), who declared it destroyed and designated a neotype (UF 178833), which we reverse here. We were unable to match the handwriting on the label, but it appears modern and may be Malnate. Ruler is in mm.

FIGURE 7 in A nomenclatural and taxonomic review of the salamanders (Urodela) from Holbrook's North American Herpetology

FIGURE 7. Illustration by (a) J. W. Hill (De Kay 1842e) and J. H. Richard (Holbrook 1842e) in dorsal (b) and ventral (c) views of the lectotype (USNM 3981) of Salamandra granulata De Kay in Holbrook, 1842e, type locality "from the northern districts of New York." This specimen is the larger of the two in the lot, which is still extant at the NMNH (Fig. 8).

FIGURE 4 in A nomenclatural and taxonomic review of the salamanders (Urodela) from Holbrook's North American Herpetology

FIGURE 4. Illustrations of Salamandra maculo-quadrata Holbrook, 1840 by J. Queen (a, b) and J. H. Richard (c, d) from Holbrook (1842e), in dorsal (a, c) and ventral (b, d) views. Note the misnumbering on the first plate (b).

FIGURE 4 in Morphological and taxonomic reexamination on a crocodile newt recently described from Japan (Urodela, Salamandridae, Echinotriton)

FIGURE 4. Eggs (A) and breeding habitat (B) of Echinotriton raffaellii from Tokunoshima, Kagoshima Prefecture.

FIGURE 3. A in Morphological and taxonomic reexamination on a crocodile newt recently described from Japan (Urodela, Salamandridae, Echinotriton)

FIGURE 3. A: Alive individual (KUHE 49873) of Echinotriton raffaellii, an adult female from Tokunoshima-cho, Oshimagun, Kagoshima Prefecture, B: Dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views of another individual (KUHE 49868) of E. raffaellii, an adult male from Amagi-cho, Oshima-gun, Kagoshima Prefecture. A scale shows 10 mm, C: Full-grown larva of E. raffaellii from unknown locality in Tokunoshima Island, Kagoshima Prefecture (in captivity), D: Alive individual (no voucher specimen) of E. andersoni, an adult female from Okinawajima Island, E: Dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views of holotype (BMNH 1946.9.5.89) of E. andersoni, an adult female from Okinawajima Island. A scale shows 10 mm.

FIGURE 2 in Morphological and taxonomic reexamination on a crocodile newt recently described from Japan (Urodela, Salamandridae, Echinotriton)

FIGURE 2. Histograms of the discriminant score obtained in LDA. Filled: Amami clade (E. raffaellii); open: Okinawa clade (E. andersoni). Boxes, top and bottom 25th percentiles; horizontall bars inside the boxes, means; vertical bars, score ranges.

FIGURE 1 in Morphological and taxonomic reexamination on a crocodile newt recently described from Japan (Urodela, Salamandridae, Echinotriton)

FIGURE 1. Map of the Central Ryukyus (Amami and Okinawa islands) to show distributional range (shown in black) of Echinotriton in Japan.