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297 results for “Warbler”
Data from: Appalachian-breeding Vermivora chrysoptera (Golden-winged Warbler) occur at very low densities in mid-elevation forests and agroforestry systems throughout the Andes and isolated massifs of northern Colombia
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Genomic variation in the Black-throated Green Warbler (Setophaga virens) suggests divergence in a disjunct Atlantic Coastal Plain population (S. v. waynei)
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Spatial survival analysis accounts for female-biased breeding dispersal and provides realistic estimates of true annual survival in migratory warblers
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Resources from: Gut microbiome composition better reflects host phylogeny than diet diversity in breeding wood-warblers
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Data from: Genetic, phenotypic, and environmental drivers of local adaptation and climate-change induced maladaptation in yellow warblers
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Data from: Agonistic song rate positively correlates with male breeding success and avian malaria infection in Acrocephalus paludicola (Aquatic Warbler), a promiscuous songbird with female-only parental care
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Data for: Brood parasitism of Hooded Warblers by Brown-headed Cowbirds: Severe impact on individual nests but modest consequences for seasonal fecundity and conservation
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Data from: Age-dependent changes in infidelity in Seychelles warblers
<p>Extra-pair paternity (EPP) is often linked to male age in socially monogamous vertebrates, i.e. older males are more likely to gain EPP and less likely to be cuckolded. However, whether this occurs because males improve at gaining paternity as they grow older, or because 'higher quality' males that live longer are preferred by females, has rarely been tested, despite being central to our understanding of the evolutionary drivers of female infidelity. Moreover, how extra-pair reproduction changes with age within females has received even less attention. Using 18 years of longitudinal data from an individually-marked population of Seychelles warblers (Acrocephalus sechellensis), we found considerable within-individual changes in extra-pair reproduction in both sexes, i.e. an early-life increase and a late-life decline. Furthermore, males were cuckolded less as they aged. Our results indicate that in this species age-related patterns of extra-pair reproduction are determined by within-individual changes with age, rather than differences among individuals in longevity. These results challenge the hypothesis – based on longevity reflecting intrinsic quality – that the association between male age and EPP is due to females seeking high quality paternal genes for offspring. Importantly, EPP accounted for up to half of male reproductive success, emphasising the male fitness benefits of this reproductive strategy. Finally, the occurrence of post-peak declines in extra-pair reproduction provides explicit evidence of senescence in infidelity in both males and females.</p>
Pigmentation Genes Show Evidence of Repeated Divergence and Multiple Bouts of Introgression in Setophaga Warblers
<p>Species radiations have long served as model systems in evolutionary biology. However, it has only recently become possible to study the genetic bases of the traits responsible for diversification, and only in a small number of model systems. Here we use genomes of 36 species of North, Central, and South American warblers to highlight the role of pigmentation genes—involved in melanin and carotenoid processing—in the diversification of this group. We show that <i>agouti signaling protein</i> (<i>ASIP</i>) and <i>beta-carotene oxygenase 2</i> (<i>BCO2</i>) are predictably divergent between species that differ in the distribution of melanin and carotenoid in their plumages, respectively. Among species, sequence variation at <i>ASIP</i> broadly mirrors the species' phylogenetic history, consistent with repeated, independent mutations generating melanin-based variation. In contrast, <i>BCO2</i> variation is highly discordant from the species tree, with evidence of cross-lineage introgression among species like the yellow warbler (<i>Setophaga petechia</i>) and magnolia warbler (<i>S. magnolia</i>) with extensive carotenoid-based coloration. We also detect introgression of a small part of the <i>BCO2</i> coding region (<3 kb) in <i>S. discolor</i> and <i>S. vitellina, </i>including an amino acid substitution that is unique to warblers but otherwise highly conserved across birds. Lateral transfer of carotenoid-processing genes has been documented in arthropods, but introgression of <i>BCO2</i> as demonstrated here—presumably adaptive—represents the first example of carotenoid gene transfer among vertebrates. These contrasting genomic patterns show that both independent evolution in a common set of genes and past gene flow have fueled plumage diversification in this colorful avian radiation.</p>
Data from: Age and infection history are revealed by different ornaments in a warbler
Female preference for older or more disease-resistant males are both possible outcomes of parasite-mediated sexual selection, but the extent to which infection alters the development of ornaments to yield signals of male age and health has rarely been explored. In a longitudinal study of 61 male common yellowthroats (Geothlypis trichas), age-related increases in the size of the melanin-based mask and carotenoid-based bib were not correlated among young males, likely owing to differences in how blood parasites affect ornament development. Infection with trypanosomes and hemosporidians in a male's first breeding season was associated with slower growth of the mask; uninfected males attained large masks in their second breeding season, while infected males attained large masks in their third breeding season. In contrast, the bib size of males increased every year regardless of infection. As a consequence, different populations of males are identified by the largest ornaments – older males in the case of bib and a combination of older males and young, uninfected males in the case of mask. Although mask is thus the more informative trait with respect to male health, females prefer large bibs in our population. If infection is opportunistic, young, uninfected males may not possess good genes for parasite resistance but simply good luck, and it may benefit females to prefer older males who are more likely to have withstood prior episodes of selection. A "pure" signal of age may be a more reliable signal of resistance to parasites than an ornament whose expression is modulated by infection.
Data from: Variation in nest characteristics and brooding patterns of female Black-throated Blue Warblers is associated with thermal cues
Thermal variation poses a problem for nesting birds and can result in reduced offspring growth rates and survival. To increase the thermal stability of the nest, females can adjust nest characteristics and nest attendance in response to changes in environmental conditions. However, it is unclear how and to what extent females modify parental behaviors during various stages of offspring development. We tested the hypothesis that females adjust nest characteristics and brooding patterns in response to thermal variation during the nest-building and nestling stages, respectively. We examined elevational variation in nest location, nest construction, and brooding patterns in the migratory Black-throated Blue Warbler (Setophaga caerulescens) across a 28C gradient at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, New Hampshire, USA. Density of woody stems at nest sites and nest wall thickness increased from low to high elevation, corresponding to decreasing temperatures, but we found no relationship between weather during nest building and nest characteristics. However, weather during the nestling stage was associated with female brooding patterns: at lower temperatures and with higher rainfall, females spent more time off the nest, which was associated with lower nestling mass near fledging. These results suggest that thermal cues during nest building may be unreliable as predictors of future conditions for developing nestlings and also that females might favor their own self-maintenance and compromise nestling growth under adverse thermal conditions.
Data from: A framework for simultaneous tests of abiotic, biotic, and historical drivers of species distributions: empirical tests for North American wood warblers based on climate and pollen
Understanding how abiotic, biotic and historical factors shape species distributions remains a central question in ecology, but studies linking biotic factors to continental-scale patterns remain scarce. Here, we present a novel framework for simultaneously testing patterns expected when abiotic, biotic or historical factors drive species range limits. We use ecological niche models to produce empirical estimates of the "Biotic, Abiotic, and Movement" paradigm (BAM diagrams), which previously had only been used theoretically. Based on climatic and pollen data, as well as explicit consideration of dispersal limitations, we implement the framework for a group of North American birds (Oreothlypis warblers) with clear habitat associations. Because the pollen-based predictor variables characterize vegetation, they represent biotic factors needed by each bird species. Although continental-scale patterns of distribution traditionally are attributed to abiotic factors, only one species matched the hypothesis of solely abiotic drivers. In contrast, pollen-based models indicate biotic drivers for two species, correctly predicting their absence in climatically suitable areas. These results highlight the feasibility of considering and quantifying potential effects of biotic interactions on species ranges, especial when interactions can be decoupled from abiotic factors. Furthermore, the availability of pollen data now and in the Holocene highlights the potential of these data to be used to predict range shifts of other organisms tightly dependent on particular vegetation types.
Stabilizing selection on a plumage-based foraging adaptation: hooded warblers with average-sized white tail spots live longer
<p><span>Avian flush-pursuit insectivores typically use contrasting white plumage patches in their tails or wings to startle potential prey. Although experimental evidence indicates that the extent of white has been fine-tuned by natural selection to optimize foraging performance, the hypothesis that within-population plumage variation directly influences survival or lifetime reproduction and is subject to stabilizing selection has not been tested. Here I provide such a test using data collected as part of a 14-year study of a colour-ringed breeding population of the hooded warbler (<em>Setophaga</em> <em>citrina</em>), a migratory flush-pursuit insectivore that shows inter-individual variation in the extent of white in the tail that is highly repeatable across molts and likely heritable. As expected under stabilizing selection, warblers with average-sized white tail patches achieved significantly higher long-term apparent survival than individuals with either a lesser or greater extent of white in the tail. Evidence of stabilizing selection was especially strong in males, an observation that is likely related to pronounced sexual habitat segregation on the wintering range. My results provide infrequently observed evidence of stabilizing selection operating in a natural population and also illustrate how stabilizing selection can act on avian plumage traits outside the context of sexual and social signaling.</span></p>
Magnolia Warbler (Setophaga magnolia) flight calls demonstrate individuality and variation by season and recording location
<p><span>Flight calls are short vocalizations frequently associated with migratory behavior that may maintain group structure, signal individual identity, and facilitate intra- and interspecific communication. In this study, Magnolia Warbler (<em>Setophaga magnolia</em>) flight call characteristics varied significantly by season and recording location, but not age or sex, and an individual's flight calls were significantly more similar to one another than to calls of other individuals. To determine if flight calls encode traits of the signaling individual during migration, we analyzed acoustic characteristics of the calls from the nocturnally migrating Magnolia Warbler. Specifically, we analyzed calls recorded from temporarily captured birds across the northeastern United States, including Appledore Island in Maine, Braddock Bay Bird Observatory in New York, and Powdermill Avian Research Center in Pennsylvania to quantify variation attributable to individual identity, sex, age, seasonality, and recording location. Overall, our findings suggest that Magnolia Warbler flight calls may show meaningful individual variation and exhibit previously undescribed spatiotemporal variation, providing a basis for future research.</span></p>
Data from: Kirtland's warbler occupancy and plantation density
<p>Early studies into the habitat preferences of the Kirtland's warbler (KW; <em>Setophaga kirtlandii</em>) suggested that these birds exhibited a preference for areas with high jack pine stem densities; therefore, jack pine plantations established as part of the KW recovery and conservation programs have been planted using a 1.5 x 1.8 m spacing (3,588 trees ha<sup>-1</sup>). In contrast, traditional pine plantations in the Lake States established for roundwood production are typically planted on a 2.1 x 2.4 m spacing that equates to 1,922 trees ha<sup>-1</sup>. Over more than 40 years, tree spacing in KW habitat plantations has gone largely unchanged, and until very recently there has never been an attempt to verify that these tighter spacings actually provide better KW habitat than would a traditional forestry spacing. We used a retrospective approach to assess the impacts of tree density on KW occupancy and observed an unexpected negative relationship between realized plantation density and maximum occupancy by KW singing males. This finding should be interpreted with caution due to the limited nature of this study; however, a lack of a positive relationship is entirely plausible given the narrow range of densities encountered in plantations, as well as the fact that uniform spacing of plantations should allow for the achievement of optimal jack pine cover at lower densities than would be required in a natural-origin stand.</p>
Videos of Common Cuckoos parasitizing their Reed Warbler hosts in China
<p>Dataset including eight .mp4 videos:</p> <p>Videos 1-3: Egg laying by female cuckoos in host nests.</p> <p>Video 4: The host collected the nest materials for nesting.</p> <p>Videos 5-7: The Common Cuckoo visits the host nest but not egg-laying.</p> <p>Video 8: The calling by a female Oriental Reed Warbler in a nest in the morning.</p>
Seychelles warbler whole genome SNPs
<p>1) SNPs for 2018 low coverage whole-genome sequenced Seychelles warblers that have been imputed by STITCH to fill in missing genotype data.</p> <p>2) The chromosome-level Seychelles warbler reference genome.</p> <p>Please email for access: kgllee1@sheffield.ac.uk</p>
Transposable elements mark a repeat-rich region associated with migratory phenotypes of willow warblers (Phylloscopus trochilus).
<p>This upload contains the relevant data (alignments, trees, html TE landscape files, and datasheets) used in the manuscript: "The importance of repeat-rich regions in the migratory phenotypes of the willow warbler (Phylloscopus trochilus): transposable elements as a marker."</p>
Seychelles warblers with silver spoons: juvenile body mass is a lifelong predictor of annual survival, but not annual reproduction or senescence
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>The environment experienced during development, and its impact on intrinsic condition, can have lasting outcomes for individual phenotypes and could contribute to variation in adult senescence trajectories. However, the nature of this relationship in wild populations remains uncertain, owing to the difficulties in summarizing natal condition and in long-term monitoring of individuals from free-roaming long-lived species. Utilizing a closely monitored, closed population of Seychelles warblers (<em>Acrocephalus sechellensis</em>), we determine whether juvenile body mass is associated with natal socio-environmental factors, specific genetic traits linked to fitness in this system, survival to adulthood and senescence-related traits. Juveniles born in seasons with higher food availability and into smaller natal groups (i.e. fewer competitors) were heavier. In contrast, there were no associations between juvenile body mass and the genetic traits. Furthermore, size-corrected mass - but not separate measures of natal food availability, group size or genetic traits - was positively associated with survival to adulthood, suggesting juvenile body mass is indicative of natal condition. Heavier juveniles had greater body mass and had higher rates of annual survival as adults, independent of age. In contrast, there was no association between juvenile mass and adult telomere length attrition (a measure of somatic stress) nor annual reproduction. These results indicate that juvenile body mass, while not associated with senescence trajectories, can influence the likelihood of surviving to old age, potentially due to silver-spoon effects. This study shows that measures of intrinsic condition in juveniles can provide important insights into long-term fitness of individuals in wild populations.</span></p>
Arrival dates of male and female willow warblers (Phylloscopus trochilus) to their breeding site in Sweden 1979-2016
<p><span>Protandry is a widespread life-history phenomenon describing how males precede females at the site or state of reproduction. In migratory birds, protandry has important influence on individual fitness, the migratory syndrome and phenological response to climate change. </span><span>Despite its significance, accurate analyses on the dynamics of protandry using data sets collected at the breeding site, are lacking. Basing our study on records collected daily, spanning a period of 38 years, we aim to investigate protandry dynamics over time in a breeding population of willow warblers (<em>Phylloscopus trochilus</em>). </span><span>Temporal change in the timing of arrival was analysed in males and females, and protandry (number of days between male and female arrival) was investigate both at population level and within breeding pairs. </span><span>Our results show advancement in the arrival time to the breeding site in both sexes, but male arrival has advanced to a greater extent, leading to an increase in protandry both at the population level and within breeding pairs. We do not observe any change in sex ratio that could explain the protandry increase, but pronounced temperature change has occurred at the breeding area and along the migratory route. </span><span>Typically, natural selection opposes earlier arrival in males, but given warmer springs, this counteracting force may be relaxing, enabling an increase in protandry. We discuss whether our results suggests that climate change has caused sex-specific effects, if these could be evolutionary and whether the timing of important life-history stages such as arrival at the breeding site may change at different rates in males and females following environmental shifts. </span></p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.