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116 results for “West Nile Virus”

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dryad28/100

Data from: Host social behavior decreases exposure to vector-borne disease: a field experiment in a "hotspot" of West Nile virus transmission

Animals can decrease their individual risk of predation by forming groups. The encounter-dilution hypothesis extends the potential benefits of gregariousness to biting insects and vector-borne disease by predicting that the per capita number of insect bites should decrease within larger host groups. Although vector-borne diseases are common and can exert strong selective pressures on hosts, there have been few tests of the encounter-dilution effect in natural systems. We conducted an experimental test of the encounter-dilution hypothesis using the American robin (Turdus migratorius), a common host species for the West Nile virus (WNV), a mosquito-borne pathogen. By using sentinel hosts (house sparrows, Passer domesticus) caged in naturally occurring communal roosts in the suburbs of Chicago, we assessed sentinel host risk of WNV exposure inside and outside of roosts. We also estimated per capita host exposure to infected vectors inside roosts and outside of roosts. Sentinel birds caged inside roosts seroconverted to WNV more slowly than those outside of roosts, suggesting that social groups decrease per capita exposure to infected mosquitoes. These results therefore support the encounter-dilution hypothesis in a vector-borne disease system. Our results suggest that disease-related selective pressures on sociality may depend on the mode of disease transmission.

opencc-zeroDec 2013View details →

zenodo28/100

Landscape structure of bacterial and fungal community composition in the West Nile Virus vector, Culex tarsalis

Raw sequence data for fungi (ITS1 region)

embargoedcc-by-4.0Nov 2024View details →

zenodo28/100

Landscape population genetics structure in the West Nile virus vector, Culex tarsalis

RADseq raw data

embargoedcc-by-4.0Nov 2024View details →

dryad28/100

Data from: Linking the vectorial capacity of multiple vectors to observed patterns of West Nile virus transmission

1. Theoretical models suggest that increased vector species participation in pathogen transmission significantly increases the prevalence of vector and host infections. However, there has been a lack of empirical evidence to support this. 2. We linked transmission potential of multiple vectors species to observed patterns of enzootic pathogen transmission by conducting longitudinal field surveillance of West Nile virus (WNv) infections in Culex spp. mosquitoes and avian host communities in the southeastern U.S. We then used a temperature-dependent vectorial capacity model as a predictor of WNv infections in mosquitoes and birds using general linear mixed effects models. 3. Two WNv-competent Culex spp. mosquitoes were present in our study sites, Culex restuans Theobald during the spring and Culex quinquefasciatus Say during the summer. Empirical evidence of WNv transmission was limited exclusively to time periods when night time temperatures were suitable for accelerated within-vector viral replication, susceptible avian hosts (i.e. hatch year birds) were abundant, and Culex quinquefasciatus was the primary Culex spp. vector in the mosquito community. 4. Contrary to theoretical predictions, increased presence of competent vector species through time did not significantly increase the prevalence of infections in the WNv enzootic system. 5. Synthesis and applications. We extend a commonly used theoretical framework to quantify transmission potential of vector-borne diseases, the vectorial capacity equation, to account for species-specific variations in temperature-dependent development and host feeding preference. By quantifying key vectorial capacity parameters using field data from southeast United States we quantified the relative contribution of two Culex spp. species (Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus and Culex restuans) to the transmission of West Nile virus (WNv). Our findings suggest that to reduce the risk of human exposure to WNv in urban environments, vector control should focus on the primary WNv vector, the members of the Culex pipiens complex. Additionally, vector control may be more effective if it coincides with the onset of the avian breeding season, when most WNv amplification occurs. Moreover, our results highlight relevant knowledge gaps pertaining to WNv transmission by secondary mosquito species that coexist either in time or space with Culex pipiens complex mosquitoes. A better understanding of secondary WNv vector species is greatly needed in order to appropriately gauge their role in pathogen transmission dynamics.

opencc-zeroDec 2017View details →

zenodo28/100

Supplemental data for "Patterns of West Nile virus in the Northeastern United States using negative binomial and mechanistic trait-based models"

Supplemental data files for  "Patterns of West Nile virus in the Northeastern United States using negative binomial and mechanistic trait-based models" S1 Table File. A table containing the probability of obtaining a result of 0 WNV cases in 20 years based on the group-estimated negative binomial model for each county with no cases reported. S2 Table File. A table containing the county temperature inputs used in this study, and the associated relative R0 predictions S3. Table File. A table containing the negative binomial probabilities by county, including group identity and group populations.

opencc-by-nc-4.0Nov 2022View details →

dryad28/100