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Fig. 1 in The late Eocene evolution of nummulitid foraminifer Spiroclypeus in the Western Tethys

Fig. 1. Terminology for external and lateral features of Spiroclypeus: Spiroclypeus carpaticus (A) and Spiroclypeus sirottii (B).

Fig. 5 in The late Eocene evolution of nummulitid foraminifer Spiroclypeus in the Western Tethys

Fig. 5. Distribution of spiroclypeid populations (mean values at the 95.44% confidence level) on the P–X (proloculus diameter versus operculinid reduction) bivariate plot (X is on logarithmic scale).

Fig. 4 in The late Eocene evolution of nummulitid foraminifer Spiroclypeus in the Western Tethys

Fig. 4. Distribution of spiroclypeid populations (mean values at the 95.44% confidence level) on the S–X (heterosteginid escalation versus operculinid reduction) bivariate plot (both scales are logarithmic).

FIG. 2 in Review of the Early Cretaceous erymid lobsters (Crustacea: Decapoda) from the Western Tethys

FIG. 2. — Geographical location of French Early Cretaceous erymids with the northern boundary of the South-East Basin during the Lower Aptian (modified after Masse et al. 1993).

FIG. 10 in Review of the Early Cretaceous erymid lobsters (Crustacea: Decapoda) from the Western Tethys

FIG. 10. — Type material of Tethysastacus n. gen.: A, B; holotype MNHN.F.J03351 of Tethysastacus tithonius (Van Straelen, 1936) n. comb. from the Valanginian of Laciterne-Boisset near Moulès-et-Baucels, France: almost complete right side of carapace and cephalic region of left side of carapace (A), detail of cephalic region showing the wide post-orbital area (B), line drawing of carapace (C) close-up of cephalic region (D). Abbreviations: b, antennal groove; b1, hepatic groove; c, postcervical groove; cam, carina of anterior margin; e1e, cervical groove; i, inferior groove; ip, intercalated plate; PoA, post-orbital area; Sag, S-shaped anterior groove. Photographs: L. Cazes. Line drawings: J. Devillez. Scale bars: 5 mm.

FIG. 7 in Review of the Early Cretaceous erymid lobsters (Crustacea: Decapoda) from the Western Tethys

FIG. 7. — Palaeastacus sussexiensis (Mantell, 1824) from the United Kingdom (A-E) and Palaeastacus loryi (Van Straelen, 1923) n. comb. from France (F, G): A, syntype SM B8892 of Enoploclytia imagei M'Coy, 1849 from the Cenomanian of Maidstone: part of carapace with right P1 chelae; B, C, lectotype NHMUK 41938 of Hoploparia scabra Bell, 1863 from the Albian of Folkestone: right lateral view (B) and line drawing (C); D, E, syntype SM B22448 (Carter coll.) of Phlyctisoma granulatum Bell, 1863 from the Albian of Cambridge: right lateral view (D) and line drawing (E); F, G, holotype (probably lost) of Palaeastacus loryi from the Valanginian of Malleval: original figure of carapace by Van Straelen (1936: pl. 1, fig. 6) (C) and line drawing (D). Abbreviations: a, branchiocardiac groove; b, antennal groove; b1, hepatic groove; c, postcervical groove; d, gastro-orbital groove; e1e, cervical groove; i, inferior groove; ω, attachment site of mandibular muscle. Photographs and line drawings: J. Devillez. Scale bars: A, 20 mm, B-G, 10 mm.

FIG. 1 in Review of the Early Cretaceous erymid lobsters (Crustacea: Decapoda) from the Western Tethys

FIG. 1. — Line drawings of carapaces and P1 chelae of Early Cretaceous erymid lobsters from Western Europe: A-C, Eryma Meyer, 1840: carapace (A), P1 chela form I (B), P1 chela form II (C); D-F, Stenodactylina Beurlen, 1928: carapace (D), P1 chela form I (E), P1 chela form II (F); G-H, Palaeastacus Bell, 1850: carapace (G), P1 chela (H); I-J, Enoploclytia M'Coy, 1849: carapace (I), P1 chela (J); K-L, Pustulina Quenstedt, 1857: carapace (K), P1 chela (L); M, Tethysastacus n. gen.: carapace. Abbreviations: a, branchiocardiac groove; b, antennal groove; b1, hepatic groove; c, postcervical groove; cd, cardiac groove; d, gastro-orbital groove; e1e, cervical groove; i, inferior groove; ip, intercalated plate; PoA, post-orbital area; ω, attachment site of mandibular muscle; χ, attachment site of adductor testis muscle. Line drawings: J. Devillez and S. Charbonnier.

FIG. 4 in Review of the Early Cretaceous erymid lobsters (Crustacea: Decapoda) from the Western Tethys

FIG. 4. — Species of Eryma Meyer,1840 from Western Europe.A-D, holotype MNHN.F.A57457 (Clément coll.) of Eryma vocontii n. sp. from the Albian of Rosans,France: right lateral view (A), line drawing (B), left lateral (C) and dorsal (D) views; E-F, paratype MNHN.F.A57458 (Clément coll.) of Eryma vocontii n. sp.: dorsal view of right P1 chela (E) and line drawing (F); G, H, cast of the holotype MNHN.F.R10204 of Eryma glaessneri (Van Straelen, 1936) from the Hauterivian of Escragnolles, France: left lateral view (G) and line drawing (H); I-L, neotype herein designated SM B11437 of Eryma sulcatum Harbort, 1905 from the Hauterivian of Speeton, United Kingdom: left lateral view (I), dorsal view (K) and line drawings (J, L). Abbreviations: a, branchiocardiac groove; b, antennal groove; b1, hepatic groove; c, postcervical groove; d, gastro-orbital groove; e1e, cervical groove; i, inferior groove; ip, intercalated plate; PoA, post-orbital area; ω, attachment site of mandibular muscle; χ, attachment site of adductor testis muscle. Photographs: L. Cazes (A-D, G), J. Devillez (I, K). Line drawings: J. Devillez. Scale bars: A-F, 5 mm; G-L, 10 mm

FIG. 6 in Review of the Early Cretaceous erymid lobsters (Crustacea: Decapoda) from the Western Tethys

FIG. 6. — Palaeastacus sussexiensis (Mantell, 1824) from the Cretaceous of the United Kingdom: A, B, lectotype herein designated (NHMUK 5601, Mantell coll.) from the Cenomanian of Sussex: right side of carapace with parts of pereiopods (A) and line drawing of carapace (B); C, D, paralectotype NHMUK 5624 (Mantell coll.) from the Late Cretaceous of Southerham: dorsal view of left P1 chela (C) and line drawing (D); E, syntype SM B8885 of Enoploclytia brevimana M'Coy, 1849 from the Cenomanian of Cherryhinton: dorsal view of left P1 chela; F, lectotype BM 007750 (Willet coll.) of Palaeastacus dixoni Bell, 1850 from the Cenomanian of Glynde: dorsal view. Abbreviations, a, branchiocardiac groove; b, antennal groove; b1, hepatic groove; c, postcervical groove; d, gastro-orbital groove; e1e, cervical groove; i, inferior groove. Photographs and line drawings: J. Devillez. Scale bars: A-E, 10 mm, F, 20 mm.

FIG. 9 in Review of the Early Cretaceous erymid lobsters (Crustacea: Decapoda) from the Western Tethys

FIG. 9. — Species of Pustulina Quenstedt, 1857 from Western Europe: A-D, holotype MNHN.F.A57460 (Leroy coll.) of Pustulina occitana n. sp. from the Berriasian of Laciterne-Boisset near Moulès-et-Baucels, France: carapace in right lateral view (A), dorsal view (C) and line drawings (B, D); E, F, holotype (probably lost) of Pustulina victori nom. nov. from the Berriasian of Leysse, France: original figure of carapace by Van Straelen (1936: pl. 2, fig. 3) (E) and line drawing (F); G-H, holotype MNHN.F.A57459 (Leroy coll.) of Pustulina colossea n. sp. from the Hauterivian of Castellane, France: left lateral view (G) and line drawing (H); I-L, specimen MNHN.F.A57461 of Pustulina tuberculata (Bell, 1863) from the Albian of Cambridge, United Kingdom: right lateral view (I), dorsal view (K) and line drawings (J, L). Abbreviations: a, branchiocardiac groove; b, antennal groove; b1, hepatic groove; c, postcervical groove; cd, cardiac groove; d, gastro-orbital groove; e1e, cervical groove; i, inferior groove. Photographs: L. Cazes (A, C, G, I, K). Line drawings: J. Devillez. Scale bars: 10 mm.

FIG. 8 in Review of the Early Cretaceous erymid lobsters (Crustacea: Decapoda) from the Western Tethys

FIG. 8. — New species of Early Cretaceous Enoploclytia M'Coy, 1849: A-D, holotype MNHN.F.B14557 of Enoploclytia augustobonae n. sp. from the Barremian of Amance, France: carapace in right lateral view (A), and line drawing (B), dorsal view (C) showing the deviation of median line in cephalic region (intercalated plate) and line drawing (D); E-H, holotype of Enoploclytia gigantea n. sp. from the Albian of Fort Worth, USA: original figures of carapace by Rathbun (1935: pl. 4; figs 1, 2), left lateral view (E), right lateral view (F), and line drawings (G, H). Abbreviations: a, branchiocardiac groove; b, antennal groove; b1, hepatic groove; c, postcervical groove; d, gastro-orbital groove; e1e, cervical groove; i, inferior groove; ω, attachment site of mandibular muscle. Photographs: L. Cazes (A, C). Line drawings: J. Devillez. Scale bars: A-D, 10 mm; E-H, 20 mm.

FIG. 5 in Review of the Early Cretaceous erymid lobsters (Crustacea: Decapoda) from the Western Tethys

FIG. 5. — Stenodactylina delphinensis (Moret, 1946) n. comb. from the Berriasian of Noyarey, France, holotype OSUG.UJF-ID 11152: A, carapace in dorsal view showing the two sides; B, line drawing of right side. Abbreviations: a, branchiocardiac groove; b, antennal groove; b1, hepatic groove; c, postcervical groove; d, gastro-orbital groove; e1e, cervical groove; i, inferior groove; PoA, post-orbital area. Photograph: L. Cazes. Line drawing: J. Devillez. Scale bars: 5 mm.

FIG. 3 in Review of the Early Cretaceous erymid lobsters (Crustacea: Decapoda) from the Western Tethys

FIG. 3. — Anatomical terminology of erymid lobsters: A, B, holotype BAS KG.50.4 of Palaeastacus foersteri Taylor, 1979 from the Barremian of Alexander Island, Antarctic: general view (A) and line drawing of the carapace (B); C, extant lobster Homarus gammarus (Linnaeus, 1758) with P1 chelae terminology. Abbreviations: a, branchiocardiac groove; b, antennal groove; c, postcervical groove; cam, carina of anterior margin; d, gastro-orbital groove; da, dactylus; db, dactylar bulge; ds, dorsal surface; e1e, cervical groove; i, inferior groove; im, inner margin; in, index; om, outer margin, PoA, post-orbital area; Sag, Sshaped anterior groove. Photographs: Hillary Blagbrough (A), Bart Braun (C). Line drawing: J. Devillez. Scale bars: 10 mm.

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Data from: Ups and downs of belemnite diversity in the Early Jurassic of Western Tethys

Although belemnites form a major clade of extinct cephalopods, the early stage of their diversification remains poorly known in time and space. Here we investigate the first diversification episodes of belemnites (order Belemnitida) using a new species-level database encompassing the Hettangian-Aalenian interval (Early Jurassic-earliest Middle Jurassic) and covering the Western Tethys. Rarefied richness shows a four-fold increase from the Planorbis chronozone to the Ibex chronozone, a strong decrease between the Margaritatus and Spinatum chronozones, followed by a drop in the Spinatum-Serpentinum interval that is coeval with the second-order Toarcian biological crisis. The Bifrons chronozone records a high richness that departs significantly from those of the surrounding chronozones. A last richness peak in the Dispansum chronozone precedes a decrease towards the Aalenian. Biogeographic analyses do not reveal any clear large-scale provincialism for belemnites, in sharp contrast with ammonoids. Such a long-term homogeneous spatial distribution of belemnites is probably due to: (1) the relatively poorly-documented fossil record of belemnites, especially in Mediterranean localities and (2) contrasted dispersal abilities of belemnites compared to ammonoids over the studied time interval.

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Fig. 3 in The late Eocene evolution of nummulitid foraminifer Spiroclypeus in the Western Tethys

Fig. 3. Geographical distribution of the samples studied.

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Data from: Ups and downs of belemnite diversity in the Early Jurassic of Western Tethys

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FIGURE 5 in Two Northeast Pacific deep-water barnacle populations (Cirripedia: Calanticidae and Pachylasmatidae) from seamounts of the Juan de Fuca Ridge; " insular " endemics stemming from Tethys, or by subsequent dispersal from the Western Pacific center of distribution?

FIGURE 5. Atetrapachylasma dijonesae gen. et sp. nov. in situ on pillow basalt from 2080 m of depth Vance B Seamount, with nozzle of suction sampler of ROV Tiburon largely to their right. A, the remains of several walls broken away by the nozzle can be seen to the right of "1" leaving membranous bases exposed. B, the barnacles seen between "2" and "3" and to the right of "4" in A have been collected. N.B.: Inspection of MPEGs taken by ROV Tiburon during collection of the barnacles seen removed in these frames detected no loss of material in the process. Therefore, it can be said with confidence that the shell fragments at the base of the basalt below the barnacles (cf. Fig. 4) represent natural postmortem accumulations.

FIGURE 15 in Two Northeast Pacific deep-water barnacle populations (Cirripedia: Calanticidae and Pachylasmatidae) from seamounts of the Juan de Fuca Ridge; " insular " endemics stemming from Tethys, or by subsequent dispersal from the Western Pacific center of distribution?

FIGURE 15. Atetrapachylasma dijonesae gen. et sp. nov., appendages: A, mandible; B, first maxillae; C, second maxilla; D, intermediate articles of cirrus VI; and E, crest of labrum flanked by left palp.

FIGURE 12 in Two Northeast Pacific deep-water barnacle populations (Cirripedia: Calanticidae and Pachylasmatidae) from seamounts of the Juan de Fuca Ridge; " insular " endemics stemming from Tethys, or by subsequent dispersal from the Western Pacific center of distribution?

FIGURE 12. Atetrapachylasma dijonesae gen. et sp. nov., exploded four-plated wall arranged from loose plates, type lot: A, exterior of a rostrum; B and D, left and right carinolaterals; C, a carina; and E, the interior of a portion of a rostrum. Note the variably pronounced depression in the sheath of rostrum (E), which, together with the edges of the carinolateral alae, receives the rostral ends of the occludent ridges of the scuta (Figs 9A; 11C, D).

FIGURE 7 in Two Northeast Pacific deep-water barnacle populations (Cirripedia: Calanticidae and Pachylasmatidae) from seamounts of the Juan de Fuca Ridge; " insular " endemics stemming from Tethys, or by subsequent dispersal from the Western Pacific center of distribution?

FIGURE 7. The holotype and paratype of Calantica moskalevi Zevina and Galkin, 1989: 134, Fig. 1) consisted of two juveniles (measurements below in mm).