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53 results for “Widow spider”
Multimodal and multifunctional signaling? – web reduction courtship behavior in a North American population of the false black widow spider
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Data from: Game of webs: species and web structure influence contest outcome in black widow spiders
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Data from: Bringing down the house: male widow spiders reduce the webs of aggressive females more
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Data from: Copulation with immature females increases male fitness in cannibalistic widow spiders
Copulatory cannibalism of male 'widow' spiders (genus Latrodectus) is a model example of the extreme effects of sexual selection, particularly in L. hasselti and L. geometricus where males typically facilitate cannibalism by females and mate only once. We show that these males can increase their reproductive success by copulating with final-instar, immature females after piercing the female's exoskeleton to access her newly developed sperm storage organs. Females retain sperm through their final moult and have similar fecundity to adult-mated females. This is an adaptive male tactic because immature mating increases insemination success relative to adult mating (which predicts higher paternity) and moreover, rarely ends in cannibalism, so males can mate again. Although successful only during a brief period before the female's final moult, males may employ this tactic when they associate with final-instar females in nature. Consistent with this, one-third of L. hasselti females collected as immatures in nature were already mated. Immature mating alters sexual selection on these otherwise monogynous males, and may explain male traits allowing facultative polygyny in Latrodectus. Since male cohabitation with immature females is common among invertebrates, immature mating may be a widespread, previously unrecognized mating tactic, particularly when unmated females are of high reproductive value.
Body size, not personality, explains both male mating success and sexual cannibalism in a Widow Spider
<p>Theory suggests that consistent individual variation in behavior relates to fitness, but few studies have empirically examined the role of personalities in mate choice, male-male competition and reproductive success. We observed the Mediterranean black widow, <i>Latrodectus tredecimguttatus</i>, in the individual and mating context, to test how body size measures and two functionally important aggressive behaviors, i.e., male aggression towards rivals and female voracity towards prey, affect mating behaviors, mating success and sexual cannibalism. We specifically selected voracity towards prey in females to test the "aggressive spillover hypothesis", suggesting that more voracious females are more sexually cannibalistic. Both females and males exhibit consistent individual differences in the examined aggressive behaviors. While larger males win contests more often and achieve more copulations, neither male nor female size measures correlate to aggression. Female voracity does not correlate with aggression towards mates and sexual cannibalism, rejecting the "spillover hypothesis". However, occurrence of sexual cannibalism positively relates to longer insertion duration. Furthermore, the smaller the ratio between male and female body length the more likely a female attacked and cannibalized a mate. We show that individual variation in aggression levels plays no direct role in mating behavior of the Mediterranean black widow. Instead, body size affects male mating success and occurrences of sexual cannibalism in females.</p>
Figs 9–10. 9 in Phylogenetic analyses and description of a new species of black widow spider of the genus Latrodectus Walckenaer (Araneae, Theridiidae) from Mexico; one or more species?
Figs 9–10. 9. Records and Species Distribution Model (SDM) (red) of L. mactans (Fabricius, 1775) in Mexico and the USA. 10. Records and SDM (yellow) of L. occidentalis Valdez-Mondragón sp. nov. in Mexico. Abbreviations: CHIS = Chiapas; COL = Colima; EMX = Edo. Mex; GRO = Guerrero; GTO = Guanajuato; JAL = Jalisco; MICH= Michoacán; MOR = Morelos; NAY = Nayarit; OAX = Oaxaca; PUE = Puebla; QRO = Querétaro.
Fig. 6 in Phylogenetic analyses and description of a new species of black widow spider of the genus Latrodectus Walckenaer (Araneae, Theridiidae) from Mexico; one or more species?
Fig. 6. Comparison of variances (ANOVA) and medians (Kruskal-Wallis) of different structures analyzed under linear morphometry that showed significant differences (p> 0.05) in females of three putative species of Latrodectus Walckenaer, 1805 from Mexico.
Fig. 5 in Phylogenetic analyses and description of a new species of black widow spider of the genus Latrodectus Walckenaer (Araneae, Theridiidae) from Mexico; one or more species?
Fig. 5. Comparison of variances (ANOVA) and medians (Kruskal-Wallis) of different structures analyzed under linear morphometry that showed significant differences (p> 0.05) in females of three putative species of Latrodectus Walckenaer, 1805 from Mexico.
Figs 19–24 in Phylogenetic analyses and description of a new species of black widow spider of the genus Latrodectus Walckenaer (Araneae, Theridiidae) from Mexico; one or more species?
Figs 19–24. Habitats and microhabitats of Latrodectus occidentalis Valdez-Mondragón sp. nov. Red arrow indicates the microhabitat where the specimens were collected. 19, 22. "Las Letras", Pénjamo, Guanajuato, Mexico.20. Zona arqueológica "Plazuelas", Pénjamo, Guanajuato, Mexico. 21. Salvatierra, Guanajuato, Mexico. 23–24. Cocula, Jalisco, Mexico (type locality) (red arrow in figure 23 shows the female found below a wasp nest). Photographs 19–22 by Cabrera-Espinosa (2021); 23–24 by Jared Lacayo (2021).
Body size, not personality, explains both male mating success and sexual cannibalism in a Widow Spider
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Data from: Neutral fitness outcomes contradict inferences of sexual ‘coercion’ derived from male’s damaging mating tactic in a widow spider
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Data from: Urban hubs of connectivity: contrasting patterns of gene flow within and among cities in the Western black widow spider
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Data from: Copulation with immature females increases male fitness in cannibalistic widow spiders
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