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FIG. 17 in Nouveaux paresseux terrestres (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Mylodontidae) du Néogène de l'Altiplano bolivien

FIG. 17. — Rotule gauche (MNHN-BOL V 3300) attribuée à Simomylodon uccasamamensis n. gen., n.sp.: A, vue postérieure (proximale vers le haut); B, vue antérieure (proximale vers le haut). Échelle: 5 cm.

FIG. 5 in Nouveaux paresseux terrestres (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Mylodontidae) du Néogène de l'Altiplano bolivien

FIG. 5. — Avant du crâne holotype de Simomylodon uccasamamensis n. gen., n. sp. (GB 078): A, B, vue occlusale; C, D, vue dorsale (antérieure vers la gauche). Abréviations: C-, alvéole de dent caniniforme supérieure; f.i.o, foramen infra-orbitaire; J, jugal; M1-M4, alvéole de dent molariforme supérieure; Mx, maxillaire; N, nasal; Pmx, prémaxillaire. Échelle: 5 cm.

FIG. 8 in Nouveaux paresseux terrestres (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Mylodontidae) du Néogène de l'Altiplano bolivien

FIG. 8. — Hémimandibule gauche (MNHN-BOL V 3296) attribuée à Simomylodon uccasamamensis n. gen., n. sp.: A, B, vue latérale gauche (antérieure vers la gauche); C, D, vue occlusale (antérieure vers la gauche). Abréviations: C-, dent caniniforme inférieure; cond, condyle; f.m, foramens mentonniers; f.mand, foramen mandibulaire (ouverture postéromédiale); f.mas, fosse massétérine; o.c.d, orifice postéro-externe du canal dentaire; m1-m3, dents molariformes inférieures; pr.a, processus angulaire; pr.c, processus coronoïde. Échelle: 5 cm.

FIG. 3 in Nouveaux paresseux terrestres (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Mylodontidae) du Néogène de l'Altiplano bolivien

FIG. 3. — Crâne holotype de Pleurolestodon dalenzae n. sp. (MNHN-BOL V 3348) en vue occlusale (antérieure vers la gauche). Abréviations: C-, dent caniniforme supérieure; f.sp.o, fissure sphénorbitaire; M1-M4, dents molariformes supérieures; Mx, maxillaire; Pal, palatin; Pmx, prémaxillaire; Pt, ptérygoïde; Sq, squamosal. Échelle: 5 cm.

FIG. 16 in Nouveaux paresseux terrestres (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Mylodontidae) du Néogène de l'Altiplano bolivien

FIG. 16. — Fémur droit (MNHN-BOL V 3299) attribué à Simomylodon uccasamamensis n. gen., n.sp.: A, vue antérieure (proximale vers le haut); B, vue distale (antérieure vers le haut). Abréviations: cl, condyle latéral; cm, condyle médial; fi, fosse intercondylienne; gt, grand trochanter; pt, petit trochanter; ta, tête articulaire; tp, trochlée patellaire. Échelle: 5 cm.

FIG. 14 in Nouveaux paresseux terrestres (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Mylodontidae) du Néogène de l'Altiplano bolivien

FIG. 14. — Métacarpien III droit (MNHN VIZ 27) attribué à Simomylodon uccasamamensis n. gen., n.sp.: A, vue médiale (dorsale vers le haut, distale vers la gauche); B, vue dorsale (latérale vers le haut, distale vers la gauche); C, vue latérale (dorsale vers le haut, proximale vers la gauche); D, vue proximale (dorsale vers le haut, médiale vers la gauche). Abréviations: McII-IV, métacarpes II-IV; Mg, magnum; P1, première phalange; Pyr, pyramidal; Td, trapézoïde. Échelle: 2 cm.

FIG. 13 in Nouveaux paresseux terrestres (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Mylodontidae) du Néogène de l'Altiplano bolivien

FIG. 13. — Métacarpien II gauche (MNHN AYO 180) de Simomylodon uccasamamensis n. gen. n.sp.: A, vue latérale (dorsale vers le haut, distale vers la gauche); B, vue médiale (dorsale vers le haut, proximale vers la gauche). Abréviations: Ccm, complexe carpo-métacarpe; McIII, métacarpe III; Mg, magnum; P1, première phalange. Échelle: 2 cm.

FIG. 6 in The Xenarthra (Mammalia) of São José de Itaboraí Basin (upper Paleocene, Itaboraian), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

FIG. 6. — Xenarthra incertae sedis, left ulna (MCN-PV 3606); A, cranial view; B, caudal view. Abbreviations: Ap, anconeal process; Op, olecranon process; Rf, radial facet; Tn, trochlear notch. Scale bar: 1 cm.

FIG. 5 in The Xenarthra (Mammalia) of São José de Itaboraí Basin (upper Paleocene, Itaboraian), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

FIG. 5. — Xenarthra incertae sedis, right humerus (MCN-PV 1781); A, cranial view; B, caudal view; C proximal view. Abbreviations: Bg, bicipital groove; Dc, deltoid crest; Dt, deltoid tuberosity; Gt, greater tuberosity; Lt, lesser tuberosity; Sa, scapular acromion articulation surface; TmLdm, teres major-latissimus dorsi muscles. Scale bar: 1 cm.

FIG. 4 in The Xenarthra (Mammalia) of São José de Itaboraí Basin (upper Paleocene, Itaboraian), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

FIG. 4. — Xenarthra incertae sedis, right humerus (MCT 2397-M); A, cranial view; B, caudal view; A' and B', interpretive drawings of the specimen. Abbreviation: Sc, supinator crest. Scale bar: 1 cm.

FIG. 1 in The Xenarthra (Mammalia) of São José de Itaboraí Basin (upper Paleocene, Itaboraian), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

FIG. 1. — Riostegotherium yanei Oliveira & Bergqvist, 1998, dorsal view of buckler osteoderms; A, holotype (MCN-PV 1774); B, MCN-PV 1775; a, main figure; b, peripheral figures; c, pits. Modified from Oliveira & Bergqvist 1998. Scale bar: 1 cm.

FIG. 2 in The Xenarthra (Mammalia) of São José de Itaboraí Basin (upper Paleocene, Itaboraian), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

FIG. 2. — Riostegotherium yanei Oliveira & Bergqvist, 1998, dorsal view of a movable osteoderm (UFRJ-DG 317-M). Scale bar: 1 cm.

FIG. 19 in Mammalian Diversity And Matses Ethnomammalogy In Amazonian Peru Part 2: Xenarthra, Carnivora, Perissodactyla, Artiodactyla, And Sirenia

FIG. 19. White-lipped peccary carcass with tumpline attached for carrying. The epiphyte-stem binding that formerly attached the forelegs to the lower jaw and the hind legs to the forelegs has been cut (photo by D.W.F.; Estirón, 2013). The tumpline, tied to the upper jaw and the rump, is made from the inner bark of a tote tree (Eschweilera or Lecythis spp. [Lecythidaceae]), the preferred material for this purpose (compare with fig. 22).

FIGURE 18 in Mammalian Diversity And Matses Ethnomammalogy In Amazonian Peru Part 2: Xenarthra, Carnivora, Perissodactyla, Artiodactyla, And Sirenia

FIGURE 18. Close-up of tapir-trap trigger stripped of camouflage (A), but with bamboo blade still sheathed with palm leaflets; and diagram of the trigger mechanism (B), with bamboo blade exposed.

FIG. 15 in Mammalian Diversity And Matses Ethnomammalogy In Amazonian Peru Part 2: Xenarthra, Carnivora, Perissodactyla, Artiodactyla, And Sirenia

FIG. 15. Adult skulls of five sympatric mustelid species illustrating taxonomic differences in size and shape: Galictis vittata (A, MUSM 15157), Eira barbara (B, MUSM 13149), Mustela africana (C, AMNH 61813), Pteronura brasiliensis (D, AMNH 74431), Lontra longicaudis (E, AMNH 98589). All illustrated specimens are from eastern Peru, but only MUSM 13149 and MUSM 15157 are from the Yavarí-Ucayali interfluve.

FIG. 12 in Mammalian Diversity And Matses Ethnomammalogy In Amazonian Peru Part 2: Xenarthra, Carnivora, Perissodactyla, Artiodactyla, And Sirenia

FIG. 12. Dorsal views of adult skulls of Atelocynus microtis (A, AMNH 98639) and Speothos venaticus (B, AMNH 98560). Both specimens are from northeastern Peru, but neither is from the Yavarí-Ucayali interfluve.

FIG. 11 in Mammalian Diversity And Matses Ethnomammalogy In Amazonian Peru Part 2: Xenarthra, Carnivora, Perissodactyla, Artiodactyla, And Sirenia

FIG. 11. Matses girl with pet two-toed sloth on the upper Quebrada Chobayacu, ca. 1975 (photo by Steven Romanoff).

FIG. 7 in Mammalian Diversity And Matses Ethnomammalogy In Amazonian Peru Part 2: Xenarthra, Carnivora, Perissodactyla, Artiodactyla, And Sirenia

FIG. 7. Dorsal and ventral cranial views of Bradypus variegatus infuscatus (A, B, AMNH 76497) and B. v. variegatus (C, D, AMNH 95105). Both skulls lack the premaxillae, which are only loosely attached in bradypodid sloths and are often lost in specimen preparation. Cranial sutures are fused in AMNH 76497, whereas most sutures persist in AMNH 95105 (a younger adult); the conspicuous shape differences between these specimens, however, are not age dependent.

FIG. 4 in Mammalian Diversity And Matses Ethnomammalogy In Amazonian Peru Part 2: Xenarthra, Carnivora, Perissodactyla, Artiodactyla, And Sirenia

FIG. 4. Ventral view of posterior palate of Dasypus novemcinctus (A, AMNH 268229) and D. pastasae (B, AMNH 268228). In D. novemcintus the lateral margins of the palatines are rounded, whereas the lateral palatine margins are keeled in D. pastasae.

FIG. 3 in Mammalian Diversity And Matses Ethnomammalogy In Amazonian Peru Part 2: Xenarthra, Carnivora, Perissodactyla, Artiodactyla, And Sirenia

FIG. 3. Crania of four armadillo species that occur in the Yavarí-Ucayali interfluve, illustrating taxonomic differences in size and shape: Dasypus novemcinctus (A, AMNH 268229); D. pastasae (B, AMNH 268228); Cabassous unicinctus (C, AMNH 74113); Priodontes maximus (D, AMNH 93418). All illustrated specimens are adults, but AMNH 93418 is not from the Yavarí-Ucayali interfluve.