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349 results for “acclimation”
Acclimation of thermal tolerance in juvenile plants from three biomes is supressed when extremes co-occur
<p>Given the rising frequency of thermal extremes (heatwaves and cold snaps) due to climate change, comprehending how a plant's origin affects its thermal tolerance breadth becomes vital. We studied juvenile plants from three biomes: temperate coastal rainforest, desert, and alpine. In controlled settings, plants underwent hot days and cold nights in a factorial design to examine thermal tolerance acclimation. We assessed thermal thresholds (<em>T</em><sub>crit-hot</sub> and <em>T</em><sub>crit-cold</sub>) and thermal tolerance breadth (TTB). We hypothesised that: 1) desert species would show the highest heat tolerance, alpine the greatest cold tolerance, with temperate species intermediate; 2) all species would increase heat tolerance post hot days and cold tolerance after cold nights; 3) combined exposure would broaden TTB more than individual conditions, especially in desert and alpine species. We found that biome responses were minor compared to the responses to the extreme temperature treatments. All plants increased thermal tolerance in response to hot 40°C days (<em>T</em><sub>crit-hot</sub> increased by ~3.5°C) but there was minimal change in <em>T</em><sub>crit-cold</sub> in response to the cold -2°C nights. In contrast, when exposed to both hot days and cold nights, on average plants exhibited an antagonistic response in TTB, where cold tolerance decreased and heat tolerance was reduced, and so we did not see the bi-directional expansion we hypothesised. There was, however, considerable variation among species in these responses. As climate change intensifies, plant communities, especially in transitional seasons, will regularly face such temperature swings. Our results shed light on potential plant responses under these extremes, emphasizing the need for deeper species-specific thermal acclimation insights, ultimately guiding conservation efforts.</p>
Data from: Using metabolic theory to describe temperature and thermal acclimation effects on parasitic infection
<p>Predicting temperature effects on species interactions can be challenging, especially for parasitism where it is difficult to experimentally separate host and parasite thermal performance curves. Prior authors proposed a possible solution based on the metabolic theory of ecology (MTE), using MTE-based equations to describe the thermal mismatch between host and parasite performance curves and account for thermal acclimation responses. Here we use published infection data, supplemented with experiments measuring metabolic responses to temperature in each species, to show that this modeling framework can successfully describe thermal acclimation effects on two different stages of infection in a tadpole-trematode system. All thermal acclimation effects on host performance manifested as changes in one key model parameter (activation energy), with measurements of host respiration generating similar MTE parameter estimates and acclimation effects compared to measurements of the host's ability to clear encysted parasites. This result suggests that metabolic parameter estimates for whole-body metabolism can sometimes be used to estimate temperature effects on host and parasite performance curves. However, we found different thermal patterns for measurements of host prevention of initial parasite encystment emphasizing potential challenges when applying MTE-based models to complex parasite-host systems with multiple distinct stages of infection.</p>
Data from: Acclimation in ants: Interference of communication and waterproofing through cuticular hydrocarbons in a multifunctional trait
<p>Organismal traits may experience conflicting selection pressures if they fulfil different functions simultaneously. This can require trade-offs between functions or alternatively functional separation between elements of the trait.</p> <p>An important multifunctional trait in insects is the cuticular hydrocarbon (CHCs) layer. CHCs cover the body of nearly all insects, protect against desiccation and serve as a communication signal. In social insects like ants, they provide cues for nestmate recognition. To maintain their waterproofing function, insects have to adjust CHC composition to current temperatures. These changes might affect information content and interfere with communication, which would be especially detrimental in social insects.</p> <p>Here, we studied how acclimation affects nestmate recognition in two sister species of the ant genus <em>Lasius</em>. Colony fragments were exposed to three climate regimes. We analysed behaviour towards same and differently acclimated conspecifics, and determined which CHCs were related to acclimatory changes, colony differences, and inter-individual aggression.</p> <p>Differential acclimation led to higher aggression and chemical distances among former nestmates. We identified small CHC subsets, which only differed among colonies or among acclimation treatments. Moreover, few compounds sufficed to explain inter-individual aggression, suggesting that ants do not use the entire CHC profile for nestmate recognition and that colony identity is encoded in a redundant way.</p> <p>Across individual CHCs, their contribution to colony differences and to differences among acclimatory treatments was negatively correlated, indicating that there is some degree of functional separation. However, CHC classes could not be clearly assigned to one or another function, indicating that the role of each CHC is idiosyncratic and may differ among species. Acclimatory effects and colony differences were more independent from each other in <em>L. platythorax </em>than in <em>L. niger</em>, indicating that functional separation can differ even among sister species.</p> <p>Our results show that CHC functions are more intertwined than previously assumed, suggesting that insects cannot optimise all functions independently. The main constraint might be the need to maintain a certain phase behaviour of the CHC layer, which depends on CHC composition and affects functionality. The need to separate functions might depend on species-specific ecological and life-history parameters.</p>
Data from: Why do ants differ in acclimatory ability? Biophysical mechanisms behind cuticular hydrocarbon acclimation across species
Maintaining water balance is vital for terrestrial organisms. Insects protect themselves against desiccation via cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs). CHC layers are complex mixtures of solid and liquid hydrocarbons, with a surprisingly diverse composition across species. This variation may translate to differential phase behaviour, and hence varying waterproofing capacity. This is especially relevant when temperatures change, which requires acclimatory CHC changes to maintain waterproofing. Nevertheless, the physical consequences of CHC variation are still little understood. We studied acclimatory responses and their consequences for CHC composition, phase behaviour, and drought survival in three congeneric ant species. Colony fragments were kept under cool, warm, and fluctuating temperature regimes. Lasius niger and platythorax, both of which are rich in methyl-branched alkanes, showed largely predictable acclimatory changes of the CHC profile. In both species, warm acclimation increased drought resistance. Warm acclimation increased the proportion of solid compounds in L. niger but not in L. platythorax. In both species, the CHC layer formed a liquid matrix of constantly low viscosity, which contained highly viscous and solid parts. This phase heterogeneity may be adaptive, increasing robustness to temperature fluctuations. In L. brunneus, which is rich in unsaturated hydrocarbons, acclimatory CHC changes were less predictable, and warm acclimation did not enhance drought survival. The CHC layer was more homogenous, but matrix viscosity changed with acclimation. We showed that ant species use different physical mechanisms to enhance waterproofing during acclimation. Hence, the ability to acclimate, and thus climatic niche breadth, may strongly depend on species-specific CHC profile.
Warm acclimation alters antioxidant defences but not metabolic capacities in the Antarctic fish, Notothenia coriiceps
<p>The Southern Ocean surrounding the Western Antarctic Peninsula region is rapidly warming. Survival of members of the dominant suborder of Antarctic fishes, the Notothenioidei, will likely require thermal plasticity and adaptive capacity in key traits delimiting thermal tolerance. Herein, we have assessed the thermal plasticity of several cellular and biochemical pathways, many of which are known to be associated with thermal tolerance in notothenioids, including mitochondrial function, activities of aerobic and anaerobic enzymes, antioxidant defences,protein ubiquitination and degradation in cardiac, oxidative skeletal muscles and gill of <em>Notothenia coriiceps</em> warm acclimated to 4◦C for 22 days or 5◦C for 42 days. Levels of triacylglycerol (TAG) were measured in liver and oxidative and glycolytic skeletal muscles, and glycogen in liver and glycolytic muscle to assess changes in energy stores. Metabolic pathways displayed minimal thermal plasticity, yet antioxidant defences were lower in heart and oxidative skeletal muscles of warm-acclimated animals compared with animals held at ambient temperature. Despite higher metabolic rates at elevated temperature, energy storage depots of TAG and glycogen increase in liver and remain unchanged in muscle with warm acclimation. Overall, our studies reveal that <em>N. coriiceps</em> displays thermal plasticity in some key traits thatmay contribute to their survival as the Southern Ocean continues to warm.</p>
Supplementary data for: Effects of thermal acclimation on the proteome of the planarian Crenobia alpina from an alpine freshwater spring
<p>Species' acclimation capacities and their ability to maintain molecular homeostasis outside of ideal temperature ranges will partly predict their success following climate-change induced thermal regime shifts. Theory predicts that ectothermic organisms from thermally stable environments have muted plasticities, and that these species <span>may be</span> particularly vulnerable to temperature increase. Whether such species retained or lost acclimation capacities remains largely unknown. We studied proteome changes in the planarian <em>Crenobia alpina</em>, a prominent member of cold-stable alpine habitats that is considered to be cold-adapted stenotherm. We found that the species' CT<sub>max</sub> is above its experienced habitat temperatures and that different populations exhibit differential CTmax acclimation capacities, whereby an alpine population showed reduced plasticity. In a separate experiment, we acclimated <em>C. alpina</em> individuals from the alpine population to 8, 11, 14, or 17°C over the course of 168 h and compared a comprehensively annotated species-specific proteome. Network analyses of 3399 proteins and protein set enrichment show that while the species' proteome is overall stable across these temperatures, protein sets functioning in oxidative stress response, mitochondria, protein synthesis and turnover are lower abundant following warm acclimation. Proteins associated with an unfolded protein response, ciliogenesis, tissue damage repair, development, and the innate immune system were higher abundant following warm acclimation. Our findings suggest that this species has not suffered DNA decay (e.g., loss of heat-shock proteins) during evolution in a cold-stable environment and retained plasticity in response to elevated temperatures, challenging the notion that stable environments necessarily result in muted plasticity.</p>
Data of the study of Maternal temperature stress modulates acclimation and thermal biology in Octopus maya (Cephalopoda: Octopodidae) juvenile progeny
<p>These data shows the effects of temperature and exposure time on octopus juveniles obtained from thermal-stressed (30°C) and non-stressed (24°C) females when exposed to optimal (25°C) and high temperatures (30°C) for 20 and 30 days, respectively. Data of survival, and oxygen consumption (MR) were obtained, also in routine (RMR) and resting conditions (SMR). The high metabolic rate (HMR) was used to obtain the thermal metabolic scope (TMS) That was defined as: TMS = HMR - SMR<br> Data on the antioxidant defense enzymes and radical oxygen species (ROS) were used to evaluate if transgenerational effect of temperature provoked changes in the hability of juveniles to neutralize ROS. </p>
Phenotypic convergence in a natural Daphnia population acclimated to low temperature
<p>Fluidity of a given membrane decreases at lower ambient temperatures, whereas it rises at increasing temperatures, which is achieved through changes in membrane lipid composition. In consistence with homeoviscous adaptation theory, lower temperatures result in increased tissue concentrations of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in <i>D. magna</i>, suggesting a higher PUFA requirement at lower temperatures. However, so far homeoviscous adaptation has been suggested for single or geographically separated <i>Daphnia</i> genotypes only.</p> <p>Here we investigated changes in relative fatty acid (FA) tissue concentrations in response to a lower temperature (15°C) within a <i>D. magna </i>population. We determined juvenile growth rates (JGR) and FA patterns of 14 genotypes, that were grown on <i>Chlamydomonas klinobasis </i>at 15°C and 20°C. We report significant differences of JGR and the relative body content of various FAs between genotypes at either temperature and between temperatures.</p> <p>Based on slopes of reaction norms, we found genotype-specific changes in FA profiles between temperatures suggesting that genotypes have different strategies to cope with changing temperatures. In a hierarchical clustering analysis we grouped genotypes according to differences in direction and magnitude of changes in relative FA content, which resulted in three clusters of genotypes following different patterns of changes in FA composition. These patterns suggest a lower importance of the PUFA eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, C20:5ω3) than previously assumed. We calculated an unsaturation index (UI) as a proxy for membrane fluidity at 15°C, and we neither found significant differences for this UI nor for fitness, measured as JGR, between the three genotype clusters.</p> <p>We conclude that these three genotype clusters represent different physiological solutions to temperature changes by altering the relative share of different FAs, but that their phenotypes converge with respect to membrane fluidity and JGR. These clusters will be subjected to different degrees of PUFA-limitation when sharing the same diet.</p>
The time course of acclimation to the stress of triose phosphate use limitation
<p>Triose-phosphate utilization (TPU) limits the maximum rate at which plants can photosynthesize. However, TPU is almost never found to be limiting photosynthesis under ambient conditions for plants. This, along with previous results showing adaptability of TPU at low temperature, suggest that TPU capacity is regulated to be just above the photosynthetic rate achievable under the prevailing conditions. A set of experiments were performed to study the adaptability of TPU capacity when plants are acclimated to elevated CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations. Plants held at 1500 ppm CO<sub>2</sub> were initially TPU-limited. After 30 hours, they no longer exhibited TPU limitations, but they did not elevate their TPU capacity. Instead, the maximum rates of carboxylation and electron transport declined. A time course of regulatory responses was established. A step increase of CO<sub>2</sub> first caused PSI to be oxidized, but after 40 s, both PSI and PSII had excess electrons as a result of acceptor-side limitations. Electron flow to PSI slowed, and the proton motive force increased. Eventually, non-photochemical quenching reduced electron flow sufficiently to balance the TPU limitation. Over several minutes rubisco deactivated contributing to regulation of metabolism to overcome the TPU limitation.</p>
Acclimation to moderate temperatures can have strong negative impacts on heat tolerance of arctic arthropods
<p>The Arctic is impacted by some of the fastest temperature changes observed on Earth, but the impact on terrestrial arthropod fauna is unclear. Acute physiological thermal limits of terrestrial ectotherms from high latitudes often exceed the local air temperatures, suggesting that they may be able to cope with increasing temperatures. However, knowledge of how arctic terrestrial arthropods cope with elevated temperatures for longer periods is lacking. Here we investigate how acclimation temperature and exposure time affect the acute physiological heat tolerance of five terrestrial arthropod species (<em>Neomolgus littoralis, Megaphorura arctica, Nysius groenlandicus</em>, <em>Psammotettix lividellus</em>, and <em>Nabis flavomarginatus</em>) immediately after collection in arctic and sub-arctic habitats. We show that although acute heat tolerances are relatively high, even exposure to moderate (temperature span assessed ca. 3-29°C) acclimation temperatures for 24 hours have strong negative effects on heat tolerance for four of the five species. Similarly, exposure time negatively affected heat tolerance, depending on species and temperature. Together our results suggest that exposure to even moderately elevated temperatures for periods of 24 h or even shorter can lead to lower acute heat tolerance for cold-adapted terrestrial arthropod species from sub-Arctic and Arctic regions. Consequently, climate change leading to extended periods of mildly elevated temperatures may have strong negative effects on these species. We argue that this aspect is currently overlooked when assessing the ability of arthropods from Arctic and sub-Artic regions to cope with climate changes as such predictions are typically based on acute heat tolerance estimates and with the assumption of beneficial acclimation responses.</p>
How to cope with drought and not die trying: drought acclimation across tree species with contrasting niche breadth
<p>Worldwide drought events have been reported to cause tree growth decline and mortality, thus altering the carbon (C) balance of forest ecosystems. While most of the attention has been focused on the physiological mechanisms associated with drought-induced tree responses of a few species at specific locations, the ecological attributes of these species, like their niche breadth, may be also important in determining species' sensitivity or resilience to drought. We postulated that wide-niche breadth tree species should be more drought-resilient than narrow-niche breadth species. 2. Using the most severe 2015-2016 El Niño drought event in the last 70 years in Patagonia, we determined pre- and post-drought growth (BAI, basal area increment), C reserves in the form of non-structural carbohydrates (NSCs = starch and soluble sugars), wood isotope (δ13C, iWUE and δ18O) signaling, and xylem anatomy (mean vessel diameter, mvd) in eight angiosperm tree species of contrasting niche breadth across a sharp precipitation gradient in southern Chile. 3. All species responded in unison after the drought with a non-water-conservative response, maintaining BAI and NSCs concentrations, decreasing δ13C, and increasing both mvd and the soluble sugars:NSCs ratio relative to pre-drought time. Contrary to previous results reporting species-specific drought responses, our results show unequivocally a functional coordination of organisms' vital traits associated with a non-water-conservative strategy, and a drought-induced acclimation based on starch conversion into soluble sugars in all of the tree species we examined, regardless of their niche breadth and habitat preference. 4. We state that abiotic drivers such as drought may have selected similar interspecific responses provided that they operate at the community level rather than at the species level. These findings mark the need to revise current views about the ultimate interspecific functional coordination of organisms' vital traits when facing more frequent and intensive drought events.</p>
Genetic variation for upper thermal tolerance diminishes within and between populations with increasing acclimation temperature in Atlantic salmon
<p>Populations may counteract lasting temperature changes or recurrent extremes through plasticity or adaptation. However, it remains underexplored how outbreeding, either naturally, unintentionally, or facilitated, may modify a local response potential and whether genotype-by-environment interactions or between-trait correlations can restrict this potential. We quantified population differences and outbreeding effects, within-population genetic variation, and plasticity of these, for thermal performance proxy traits using 32 pedigreed wild, domesticated, and wild-domesticated Atlantic salmon families reared under common-garden conditions. Following exposure to ambient cold (11.6°C) or ~4- and ~8-degree warmer summer temperatures, populations differed notably for body length and critical thermal maximum (CT<sub>max</sub>) and for thermal plasticity of length, condition, and CT<sub>max</sub>, but not for haematocrit. Line-cross analysis suggested mostly additive and some dominant outbreeding effects on means and solely additive outbreeding effects on plasticity. Heritability was detected for all traits. However, with increasing acclimation temperature, differences in CT<sub>max</sub> between populations and CT<sub>max</sub> heritability diminished, and CT<sub>max</sub> breeding values re-ranked. Furthermore, CT<sub>max</sub> and body size were negatively correlated at the genetic and phenotypic levels, and there was indirect evidence for a positive correlation between growth potential and thermal performance breadth for growth. Thus, population differences (including those between wild and domesticated populations) in thermal performance and plasticity may present a genetic resource in addition to the within-population genetic variance to facilitate, or impede, thermal adaptation. However, unfavourable genotype-by-environment interactions and negative between-trait correlations may generally hamper joint evolution in response to increase in average temperature and temporary extremes.</p>
Metabolic rate increases with thermal acclimation and is associated with mitochondrial function in some tissues of threespine stickleback
<p>The metabolic rate (ṀO2) of eurythermal fishes changes in response to temperature, yet it is unclear how changes in mitochondrial function contribute to changes in ṀO2. We hypothesized that ṀO2 would increase with acclimation temperature in the threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) in parallel with metabolic remodeling at the cellular level but that changes in metabolism in some tissues and organs, such as liver, would contribute more to changes in ṀO2 than others. Threespine stickleback were acclimated to 5, 12 and 20°C for 21 weeks. At each temperature, standard and maximum metabolic rate (SMR and MMR, respectively), and aerobic scope (AS) were quantified, along with mitochondrial respiration rates in liver, oxidative skeletal, and cardiac muscles, and the maximal activity of citrate synthase (CS) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in liver, and oxidative and glycolytic skeletal muscles. SMR, MMR and AS increased with acclimation temperature, along with rates of mitochondrial phosphorylating respiration in all tissues. Low SMR and MMR at 5°C were associated with low or undetectable rates of mitochondrial complex II activity and a greater reliance on complex I activity in liver, oxidative skeletal muscle, and heart. SMR was positively correlated with cytochrome c oxidase (CCO) activity in liver and oxidative muscle but not mitochondrial proton leak, while MMR was positively correlated with CCO in liver. Overall, the results suggest that changes in ṀO2 in response to temperature are driven by changes in some aspects of mitochondrial function in some, but not all tissues of threespine stickleback.</p>
Data and code from: Experimental evolution of environmental tolerance, acclimation, and physiological plasticity in a randomly fluctuating environment
<p>Environmental tolerance curves, representing absolute fitness against the environment, are an empirical assessment of the fundamental niche, and emerge from the phenotypic plasticity of underlying phenotypic traits. Dynamic plastic responses of these traits can lead to acclimation effects, whereby recent past environments impact current fitness. Theory predicts that higher levels of phenotypic plasticity should evolve in environments that fluctuate more predictably, but there have been few experimental tests of these predictions. Specifically, will still lack experimental evidence for evolution of acclimation effects in response to environmental predictability. Here, we exposed 25 genetically diverse populations of the halotolerant microalgae Dunaliella salina to different constant salinities, or to randomly fluctuating salinities, for over 200 generations. The fluctuating treatments differed in their autocorrelation, which determines the similarity of subsequent values, and thus environmental predictability. We then measured acclimated tolerance surfaces, mapping population growth rate against past (acclimation) and current (assay) environments. We found that experimental mean and variance in salinity caused the evolution of niche position (optimal salinity) and breadth, with respect to not only current but also past (acclimation) salinity. We also detected weak but significant evidence for evolutionary changes in response to environmental predictability, with higher predictability leading notably to an upwards shift in optimal salinities and stronger acclimation effect of past environment on current fitness. We further showed that these responses are related to the evolution of plasticity for intracellular glycerol, the major osmoregulatory mechanism in this species. However the direction of plasticity evolution did not match simple theoretical predictions. Our results underline the need for a more explicit consideration of the dynamics of environmental tolerance and its underlying plastic traits to reach a better understanding of ecology and evolution in fluctuating environments.</p>
Acclimation limits for embolism resistance and osmotic adjustment accompany the geographic dry edge of Mediterranean species
<p>Survival and growth of woody species in the Mediterranean are mainly restricted by water availability. We tested the hypothesis that Mediterranean species acclimate their xylem vulnerability and osmotic potential along a precipitation gradient.</p> <p>We studied five predominant co-occurring Mediterranean species; <em>Quercus calliprinos</em>, <em>Pistacia palaestina</em>, <em>Pistacia lentiscus</em>, <em>Rhamnus lycioides</em>, and <em>Phillyrea latifolia</em>, over two summers at three sites. The driest of the sites is the distribution edge for all the five species. We measured key hydraulic and osmotic traits related to drought resistance, including resistance to embolism (<span class="None">Ψ<sub>50)</sub></span> and the seasonal dynamics of water and osmotic potentials.</p> <p>The leaf water potentials (<span class="None">Ψ<sub>1</sub></span>) of all species declined significantly along the summer, reaching significantly lower <span class="None">Ψ<sub>l</sub></span> at the end of summer in the drier sites. Surprisingly, we did not find plasticity along the drought gradient in <span class="None">Ψ<sub>50</sub></span> or osmotic potentials. This resulted in much narrower hydraulic safety margins (HSM) in the drier sites, where some species experienced significant embolism.</p> <p>Our analysis indicates that reduction in HSM to null values put Mediterranean species in embolism risk as they approach their hydraulic limit near the geographic dry edge of their distribution.</p>
Data sources and code for: "Species-specific acclimation capacity of key traits explains global vertical distributions of seagrass species"
<p>Minguito-Frutos_etal_2023_Data1.xlsx contains the data for analyzing the relationship between plant size and seagrass growth reproductive strategy and the species-specific vertical distribution of seagrasses. </p> <p>Minguito-Frutos_etal_2023_Data2.xlsx contains the data for the meta-analityc approach studying the relationship between the vertical distribution of seagrass species and the plasticity of their traits (physiological, morphological, structural and growth). </p> <p>Scripts_Minguito_Frutos_etal_2023_GEB_Ref.GEB-2022-0592.R contains the R reproducible code to run all the analyses carried out in this study. </p>
Cold acclimation threshold induction temperatures of switchgrass ecotypes grown under a long and short photoperiod
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>Plants can cold-acclimate to enhance their freezing tolerance by sensing declining temperature and photoperiod cues. However, the factors influencing genotypic variation in the induction of cold acclimation are poorly understood among perennial grasses. We hypothesized that the more northern upland switchgrass (</span><em><span>Panicum virgatum</span></em><span> L.) ecotype develops a higher degree of freezing tolerance by initiating cold acclimation at higher temperatures as compared with the coastal and southern lowland ecotypes. First, we determined the optimal method for assessing freezing tolerance and the length of exposure to 8/4°C required to induce the maximum level of freezing tolerance in the most northern upland and most southern lowland genotypes. We characterized the maximum freezing tolerance of eight upland, three coastal and five lowland genotypes grown for 21 d at 8/4°C and a 10 or 16 h photoperiod. Next, we identified the temperature required to induce cold acclimation by exposing the 16 genotypes for 7 d at 20 to 6°C constant temperatures under a 10 or 16 h photoperiod. Cold acclimation initiated at temperatures 5 and 7°C higher in upland than coastal and lowland genotypes. Among upland genotypes the shorter photoperiod induced cold acclimation at a 1°C higher temperature. Genotypes originating from a more northern latitude initiate cold acclimation at higher temperatures and develop higher maximum freezing tolerances. An earlier response to declining temperatures may provide the upland ecotype with additional time to prepare for winter and provide an advantage when plants are subjected to the rapid changes in fall temperature associated with injurious frosts.</span></p>
Effect of thermal acclimation on the tolerance of the peach fruit fly (Bactrocera zonata: Tephritidae) to heat and cold stress
<p>The effect of thermal acclimation on cold and heat tolerance of the peach fruit fly (<em>Bactrocera zonata</em>) was studied. Males and females were acclimated at 20, 25 and 30°C for up to 19 days following adult emergence. The critical thermal minimum (CT<sub>min</sub>) and maximum (CT<sub>max</sub>) were subsequently recorded as well adult survival following acute exposure to chilling (0 or -3°C for 2 hours). Additionally, the survival of pupae subjected for two hours to temperatures ranging from -12°C to 5°C was determined.</p> <p>The raw data collected during this study is available in the provided data file.</p>
Effects of acclimation temperature and feed restriction on the metabolic performance of Green Sturgeon
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The time course of acclimation to the stress of triose phosphate use limitation
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