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133 results for “altitudinal gradient”
Figure 4 in Earthworm community structure along altitudinal gradients on the western slopes of Kopaonik Mountain in Serbia
Figure 4. The altitudinal pattern of mean altitudinal range in altitudes.
Figure 2 in Earthworm community structure along altitudinal gradients on the western slopes of Kopaonik Mountain in Serbia
Figure 2. Relationship between earthworm abundance, species richness, and altitudes.
Figure 6 in Assessment of terrestrial snails' diversity and composition in six forests of west central - Morocco along an altitudinal gradient
Figure 6. Diversity of stations along altitudinal gradient using Shannon index.
Figure 5 in Assessment of terrestrial snails' diversity and composition in six forests of west central - Morocco along an altitudinal gradient
Figure 5. Species composition per forest site (For site abbreviations, see Table 1).
Figure 4 in Assessment of terrestrial snails' diversity and composition in six forests of west central - Morocco along an altitudinal gradient
Figure 4. Families composition per forest site (For site abbreviations, see Table 1).
Influence of Altitudinal Gradient on the Voltinism and Generation Time of Cydia pomonella (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in walnut trees in northwestern Argentina
<p><span><span>11-<span> </span></span></span><em><span>Cydia pomonella L</span></em><span>. causes significant economic loss in the global fruit-growing industry. Its biology is influenced by environmental factors which have an impact on its voltinism in relation to its habitat.</span></p> <p><span>22- <span>The influence of the altitudinal gradient on the number and duration of <em>C. pomonella</em> populations on walnut trees grown at latitudes below 29° was determined. The relation between temperature and population curves was evaluated by an altitudinal gradient.</span></span></p> <p><span><span>33- </span></span><span><span><span> </span></span></span><span>A higher number of generations was quantitatively recorded in a shorter time on orchards located at lower altitudes. Walnut trees grown at higher altitudes, with lower temperatures, showed less pest pressure. The “Predictive Extension Timing Estimator”, used in several regions for the management of <em>C. pomonella</em>, does not accurately predict the length of the generation time in plantation crops at lower altitudes, requiring further studies in this area.</span></p> <p><span>44- </span><span>The results are relevant for designing of management strategies for walnut trees grown at latitudes below 29°, where environmental conditions differ considerably from other latitudes that were studied, impacting on the population dynamics of <em>C. pomonella</em>.</span></p> <p> </p>
FIGURE 4 in Oribatid mite diversity in Rhododendron ponticum L. canopy along an altitudinal gradient in Mtirala National Park
FIGURE 4: Changes of oribatid mite (a) abundance and (b) species number along altitudinal gradient in MNP.
FIGURE 2 in Oribatid mite diversity in Rhododendron ponticum L. canopy along an altitudinal gradient in Mtirala National Park
FIGURE 2: Oribatid mite species richness based on species accumulation curves and rarefaction methods for samples taken from rhododendron canopy microhabitats at seven elevations of MNP.
FIGURE 1 in Oribatid mite diversity in Rhododendron ponticum L. canopy along an altitudinal gradient in Mtirala National Park
FIGURE 1: Cluster of faunal similarities of oribatid species from rododendron canopy and forest floor. Explanations of abbreviations are given in table 1.
Brain size variation along altitudinal gradients in the Asiatic Toad (Bufo gargarizans)
<p>Size changes of brain and brain regions along altitudinal gradients provide insight into the trade-off between energetic expenditure and cognitive capacity. We investigated the brain size variations of the Asiatic Toad (<i>Bufo gargarizans</i>) across altitudes from 700m to 3200m. A total of 325 individuals from 11 sites and two transects were sampled. To reduce confounding factors, all sampling sites within each transect were within a maximum distance of 85km and minimum altitudinal difference close to 2000 m. Brains were dissected and five regions were both measured directly and with 3D CT scan. There is a significant negative correlation between the relative whole brain volume (to snout-vent length) and altitude. Furthermore, the relative volumes (to whole brain volume) of optic tectum and cerebellum also decrease along the altitudinal gradients, except the telencephalon, which increases along the altitudinal gradients. Therefore, our results are mostly consistent with the expensive tissue hypothesis and the functional constraint hypothesis. We suggest that most current hypotheses are not mutually exclusive and data supporting one hypothesis are often partially consistent with others. More researches on mechanisms are needed to explain the brain size evolution in realistic adaptation events.</p>
FIG. 2 in Changes in functional and taxonomic diversity and composition of corticolous lichens in an altitudinal gradient in Colombia
FIG. 2. — Continuation.
Figure 2 in Studies of Brazilian birds along altitudinal gradients: a critical review
Figure 2. Cumulative curve of the number of avian altitudinal studies in Brazil.
Divergence in cold tolerance promotes niche differentiation between diploid and polyploid kiwifruits along an altitudinal gradient in Southwest China
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Data from: Species distribution modeling reveals the influence of climatic and geographic factors on scarab beetle beta diversity along altitudinal gradients
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Anthropogenic land‐use change shapes bird diversity along the eastern Himalayan altitudinal gradient
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Extreme environments filter functionally rich communities of Atlantic Forest treefrogs along altitudinal and latitudinal gradients
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Brain size variation along altitudinal gradients in the Asiatic Toad (Bufo gargarizans)
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Data from: Large scale variation in birth timing and synchrony of a large herbivore along the latitudinal and altitudinal gradients
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Data from: Selection by pollinators on floral traits in generalized Trollius ranunculoides (Ranunculaceae) along altitudinal gradients
Abundance and visitation of pollinator assemblages tend to decrease with altitude, leading to an increase in pollen limitation. Thus increased competition for pollinators may generate stronger selection on attractive traits of flowers at high elevations and cause floral adaptive evolution. Few studies have related geographically variable selection from pollinators and intraspecific floral differentiation. We investigated the variation of Trollius ranunculoides flowers and its pollinators along an altitudinal gradient on the eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and measured phenotypic selection by pollinators on floral traits across populations. The results showed significant decline of visitation rate of bees along altitudinal gradients, while flies was unchanged. When fitness is estimated by the visitation rate rather than the seed number per plant, phenotypic selection on the sepal length and width shows a significant correlation between the selection strength and the altitude, with stronger selection at higher altitudes. However, significant decreases in the sepal length and width of T. ranunculoides along the altitudinal gradient did not correspond to stronger selection of pollinators. In contrast to the pollinator visitation, mean annual precipitation negatively affected the sepal length and width, and contributed more to geographical variation in measured floral traits than the visitation rate of pollinators. Therefore, the sepal size may have been influenced by conflicting selection pressures from biotic and abiotic selective agents. This study supports the hypothesis that lower pollinator availability at high altitude can intensify selection on flower attractive traits, but abiotic selection is preventing a response to selection from pollinators.
Data from: Phenotypic divergence of the common toad (Bufo bufo) along an altitudinal gradient: evidence for local adaptation
Variation in the environment can induce different patterns of genetic and phenotypic differentiation among populations. Both neutral processes and selection can influence phenotypic differentiation. Altitudinal phenotypic variation is of particular interest in disentangling the interplay between neutral processes and selection in the dynamics of local adaptation processes but remains little explored. We conducted a common garden experiment to study the phenotypic divergence in larval life-history traits among nine populations of the common toad (Bufo bufo) along an altitudinal gradient in France. We further used correlation among population pairwise estimates of quantitative trait (QST) and neutral genetic divergence (FST from neutral microsatellite markers), as well as altitudinal difference, to estimate the relative role of divergent selection and neutral genetic processes in phenotypic divergence. We provided evidence for a neutral genetic differentiation resulting from both isolation by distance and difference in altitude. We found evidence for phenotypic divergence along the altitudinal gradient (faster development, lower growth rate and smaller metamorphic size). The correlation between pairwise QSTs–FSTs and altitude differences suggested that this phenotypic differentiation was most likely driven by altitude-mediated selection rather than by neutral genetic processes. Moreover, we found different divergence patterns for larval traits, suggesting that different selective agents may act on these traits and/or selection on one trait may constrain the evolution on another through genetic correlation. Our study highlighted the need to design more integrative studies on the common toad to unravel the underlying processes of phenotypic divergence and its selective agents in the context of environmental clines.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.