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FIGURE 5 in Revision of southern African species of the anglerfish genus Chaunax (Lophiiformes: Chaunacidae), with descriptions of three new species
FIGURE 5. Chaunax hollemani sp. nov. A–B. MNHN 1977-34, holotype, 195 mm SL. B. 1977-0038, 1 of 2, paratype, 179 mm SL.
Fig. 2 in A New Species of the Ceratioid Anglerfish Genus Lasiognathus Regan (Lophiiformes: Oneirodidae) from the Northern Gulf of Mexico
Fig. 2. Escae of Lasiognathus dinema Pietsch and Sutton, new species, in preservation: (A) Holotype, UW 152603, female, 95 mm SL, left lateral view; (B) Paratype, UW 152604, female, 30 mm SL, right lateral view (prolongation of distal escal appendage rotated to show anterior face).
Fig. 3 in A New Species of the Ceratioid Anglerfish Genus Lasiognathus Regan (Lophiiformes: Oneirodidae) from the Northern Gulf of Mexico
Fig. 3. Esca of Lasiognathus dinema Pietsch and Sutton, new species, paratype, UW 154626, female, 36 mm SL, left lateral view, in preservation. Image courtesy of L. Malarky (NSUOC).
Evolutionary relationships of anglerfishes (Lophiiformes) reconstructed using ultraconserved elements
<p>The macroevolutionary consequences of evolving in the deep-sea remain poorly understood and are compounded by the fact that convergent adaptations for living in this environment makes elucidating phylogenetic relationships difficult. Lophiiform anglerfishes exhibit extreme habitat and predatory specializations, including the use of a fin-spine system as a luring device and unique reproductive strategies where parasitic males attach and fuse to females. Despite their notoriety for these odd characteristics, evolutionary relationships among these fishes remain unclear. We sought to clarify the evolutionary history of Lophiiformes using data from 1,000 ultraconserved elements and phylogenomic inference methods with particular interest paid to the Ceratioidei (deep-sea anglerfishes) and Antennarioidei (frogfishes and handfishes). At the suborder level, we recovered similar topologies in separate phylogenomic analyses: The Lophioidei (monkfishes) are the sister group to the rest of the Lophiiformes, Ogcocephaloidei (batfishes) and Antennarioidei (frogfishes) form a sister group, and Chaunacioidei (coffinfishes) and Ceratioidei (deep-sea anglerfishes) form a clade. The relationships we recover within the ceratioids disagree with most previous phylogenetic investigations, which used legacy phylogenetic markers or morphology. We recovered non-monophyletic relationships in the Antennarioidei and proposed three new families based on molecular and morphological evidence: Histiophrynidae, Rhycheridae, and Tathicarpidae. Antennariidae was re-evaluated to include what was known as Antennariinae, but not Histiophryninae. Non-bifurcating signal in splits network analysis indicated reticulations among and within suborders, supporting the complicated history of the Lophiiformes previously found with morphological data. Although we resolve relationships within Antennarioidei, Ceratioidei relationships remain somewhat unclear without better taxonomic sampling.</p>
FIGURE 3 in A new species of deep-sea anglerfish, genus Himantolophus (Lophiiformes: Himantolophidae) from the Andaman Sea, India
FIGURE 3. Illicium and esca of Himantolophus kalami sp. nov. IO/SS/FIS/00712, 150 mm SL. Scale bar=1 cm. Drawing: P.J. Vinod.
FIGURE 2 in A new species of deep-sea anglerfish, genus Himantolophus (Lophiiformes: Himantolophidae) from the Andaman Sea, India
FIGURE 2. Illicial apparatus of Himantolophus kalami sp. nov., A—dorsal view, B—ventral view, C—enlarged view of ventral side. Arrow indicates basimedial and a pair of basilateral filaments.
FIGURE 1 in A new species of deep-sea anglerfish, genus Himantolophus (Lophiiformes: Himantolophidae) from the Andaman Sea, India
FIGURE 1. Himantolophus kalami sp. nov. Holotype, IO/SS/FIS/00712, 150 mm SL, A—Freshly caught, B—preserved.
FIGURE 2 in First Record of the Ceratioid Anglerfish Species Gigantactis microdontis (Teleostei: Lophiiformes: Gigantactinidae) in the Western Pacific Ocean
FIGURE 2. Known distribution of Gigantactis microdontis: (○) previous records, (●) new record. A single symbol may indicate more than one capture.
FIGURE 1 in First Record of the Ceratioid Anglerfish Species Gigantactis microdontis (Teleostei: Lophiiformes: Gigantactinidae) in the Western Pacific Ocean
FIGURE 1. Gigantactis microdontis: (A) IOM 3596, 110 mm SL, habitus; (B) IOM 3596, esca, lateral view, scale bar—2 mm; (C) esca of the 66-mm SL holotype, MCZ 52574, drawn by K. Elsman, after Bertelsen & Pietsch (2002: fig. 3D), scale bar—1 mm.
FIGURE 3 in Two new deep-sea anglerfishes (Oneirodidae and Gigantactidae) from Taiwan with synopsis of Taiwanese ceratioids
FIGURE 3. Gigantactis cheni sp. nov. A. Drawing of holotype, ASIZP 62947, 385 mm SL, not all cirri were shown. B. Fresh caught paratype, ASIZP 61823, 340 mm SL. C. Teeth on left side of lower jaw, from the holotype.
FIGURE 2 in Two new deep-sea anglerfishes (Oneirodidae and Gigantactidae) from Taiwan with synopsis of Taiwanese ceratioids
FIGURE 2. Esca (left) and operculum (right) of Oneirodes formosanus sp. nov., from the holotype. A, anterior appendage; P, posterior appendage; TP, terminal papilla; O, opercle; SO, subopercle. Scale bar is 1 mm.
FIGURE 1 in Two new deep-sea anglerfishes (Oneirodidae and Gigantactidae) from Taiwan with synopsis of Taiwanese ceratioids
FIGURE 1. Drawing of Oneirodes formosanus sp. nov., ASIZP 59950, holotype, 92.6 mm SL. A. Preserved specimen. B. Drawing of holotype.
Data from: Complete loss of the MHC II pathway in an anglerfish, Lophius piscatorius
Genome studies in fish provide evidence for the adaptability of the vertebrate immune system, revealing alternative immune strategies. The reported absence of the major compatibility complex (MHC) class II pathway components in certain species of pipefish (genus <i>Syngnathus</i>) and cod-like fishes (order Gadiformes) is of particular interest. The MHC II pathway is responsible for immunization and defence against extracellular threats through the presentation of exogenous peptides to T helper cells. Here we demonstrate the absence of all genes encoding MHC II components (CD4, CD74 A/B, and both classical and non-classical MHC II α/β) in the genome of an anglerfish, <i>Lophius piscatorius</i>, indicating loss of the MHC II pathway. In contrast, it has previously been reported that another anglerfish, <i>Antennarius striatus</i>, retains all MHC II genes, placing the loss of MHC II in the <i>Lophius</i> clade to their most recent common ancestor. In the three taxa where MHC II loss has occurred, the gene loss has been restricted to four or five core MHC II components, suggesting that, in teleosts, only these genes have functions that are restricted to the MHC II pathway.
Data from: Complete loss of the MHC II pathway in an anglerfish, Lophius piscatorius
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Evolutionary relationships of anglerfishes (Lophiiformes) reconstructed using ultraconserved elements
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FIGURE 6. Himantolophus pseudalbinares AIM 6850, 98.9 in A new species of deep-sea anglerfish, genus Himantolophus (Lophiiformes: Himantolophidae) from the Western South Pacific, with comments on the validity of H. pseudalbinares
FIGURE 6. Himantolophus pseudalbinares AIM 6850, 98.9 mm SL. Drawing: M. Freeborn.
FIGURE 5. Himantolophus albinares NMNZ P.033996, 80 in A new species of deep-sea anglerfish, genus Himantolophus (Lophiiformes: Himantolophidae) from the Western South Pacific, with comments on the validity of H. pseudalbinares
FIGURE 5. Himantolophus albinares NMNZ P.033996, 80 mm SL. Drawing: M. Freeborn.
FIGURE 4. Himantolophus albinares NMNZ P.031256, 148 in A new species of deep-sea anglerfish, genus Himantolophus (Lophiiformes: Himantolophidae) from the Western South Pacific, with comments on the validity of H. pseudalbinares
FIGURE 4. Himantolophus albinares NMNZ P.031256, 148 mm SL. Photo: C. Roberts/C. Struthers Te Papa.
FIGURE 2. Himantolophus litoceras. Holotype NMNZ P.042004, 276 in A new species of deep-sea anglerfish, genus Himantolophus (Lophiiformes: Himantolophidae) from the Western South Pacific, with comments on the validity of H. pseudalbinares
FIGURE 2. Himantolophus litoceras. Holotype NMNZ P.042004, 276 mm SL. Drawing: M. Freeborn.
FIGURE 19 in Records of deep-sea anglerfishes (Lophiiformes: Ceratioidei) from Indonesia, with descriptions of three new species
FIGURE 19. Oneirodes cristatus (Regan & Trewavas 1932), HUMZ 191422, 52.7 mm SL, fresh.
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