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58 results for “arctic ecology”
Arctic Biodiversity: Arctic Lichen Ecology
Biogeography and other attributes for Arctic organisms, various sources.<p></p>
Data from: Latitudinal variation in ecological opportunity and intraspecific competition indicates differences in niche variability and diet specialization of Arctic marine predators
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Data from: Ground ice melt in the high Arctic leads to greater ecological heterogeneity
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Data from: Ice-cover is the principal driver of ecological change in High Arctic lakes and ponds
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Data from - Ecological insights from three decades of animal movement tracking across a changing Arctic
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Data from: Ecological and evolutionary responses of an arctic plant to variation in microclimate and soil
<p>The arctic and alpine regions are predicted to experience some of the highest rates of climate change, and the arctic vegetation is expected to be especially sensitive to such changes. Understanding the ecological and evolutionary responses of arctic plant species to changes in climate is therefore a key objective. Geothermal areas, where natural temperature gradients occur over small spatial scales, and without many of the confounding environmental factors present in latitudinal and other gradient studies, provide a natural experimental setting in which to examine the response of arctic-alpine plants to increasing temperatures. To test the ecological and evolutionary response of the circumpolar alpine bistort (Persicaria vivipara) to temperature, we collected plant material and soil from areas with low, intermediate, and high soil temperatures and grew them at three different temperatures in a threefactorial growth chamber experiment. At higher experimental soil temperatures, sprouting was earlier, and plants had more leaves. Sprouting was earlier in soil originating from intermediate temperature and plants had more leaves when grown in soil originating from low temperatures. We did not find evidence of local adaptation or genetic variation in reaction norms among plants originating from areas with low, intermediate, and high soil temperature. Our findings suggest that the alpine bistort has a strong plastic response to warming, but that differences in soil temperature have not resulted in genetic differentiation. The lack of an observed evolutionary response may, for example, be due to the absence of temperature-mediated selection on P. vivipara, the low rate of sexual recombination, or high levels of gene flow balancing differences in selection. When placed within the context of other studies, we conclude that arctic-alpine plant species often show strong plastic responses to spring warming, while evidence of evolutionary responses varies among species.</p>
Could cryoturbic diapirs be key for understanding ecological feedbacks to climate change in High Arctic polar deserts?
<p>High Arctic polar deserts cover 26% of the Arctic. Increasing temperatures are predicted to significantly alter polar desert freeze-thaw and biogeochemical cycles, with important implications for greenhouse gas emissions. However, the mechanisms underlyingthese changing cycles are still highly uncertain. Cryoturbic, carbon-rich Bhy horizons (diapirs) in frost boils are key nutrient sources for <em>Salix arctica</em>. We hypothesized that diapirism leads to organic carbon characteristics that alter microbial pathways, which then control root foraging and greenhouse gas production. During July–August 2013, we characterized soil properties and examined gross nitrogen transformation rates in frost boils both with and without diapirs in two High Arctic polar deserts (dolomite and granite) near Alexandra Fjord (78°51′N 75°54′W), Ellesmere Island, Nunavut, Canada. Diapiric frost boils had 18% higher soil organic carbon in the dolomitic and 9% higher in the granitic deserts, and 29% higher total dissolved nitrogen in the dolomitic desert. However, diapirs decreased gross nitrogen mineralization rates by 30% in the dolomitic and by 48% in the granitic deserts. Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transformed mid-infrared spectroscopy revealed greater concentrations of polysaccharides and recalcitrant carbon in diapiric versus non-diapiric frost boils. These increased polysaccharide concentrations likely facilitate diapirism as soil viscosity increases with polysaccharides. Lower microbial activity or ectomycorrhizae that are known to colonize <em>S. arctica</em> may accumulate total dissolved nitrogen in diapirs. Our results suggest geomorphologic-plant-microbe interactions may underlie important patterns of geochemical cycling in arctic systems. Thus, polar desert frost boils should represent a key focus of futre investigations of climate change in arctic systems.</p>
Supplementary material 1 from: Potapov GS, Kolosova YuS, Kondakov AV, Tomilova AA, Filippov BYu, Zubrii NA, Spitsyn VM, Spitsyna EA, Zheludkova AA, Gofarov MYu, Bovykina GV, Bolotov IN (2022) Phylogeography and ecology of bumble bees on Kolguev Island, a remote European Arctic landmass. ZooKeys 1122: 19-37. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1122.82993
Table S1
Ecological and conceptual consequences of Arctic pollution
<p>Though the effect of pollution on forest health and decline received much attention in the 1980s, it has not been considered to explain the 'Divergence Problem' in dendroclimatology; a decoupling of tree growth from rising air temperatures since the 1970s. Here we use physical and biogeochemical measurements of hundreds of living and dead conifers to reconstruct the impact of heavy industrialisation around Norilsk in northern Siberia. Moreover, we develop a forward model with surface irradiance forcing to quantify long-distance effects of anthropogenic emissions on the functioning and productivity of Siberia's taiga. Downwind from the world's most polluted Arctic region, tree mortality rates of up to 100% have destroyed 24,000 km<sup>2</sup> boreal forest since the 1960s, coincident with dramatic increases in atmospheric sulphur, copper, and nickel concentrations. In addition to regional ecosystem devastation, we demonstrate how 'Arctic Dimming' can explain the circumpolar 'Divergence Problem', and discuss implications on the terrestrial carbon cycle.</p>
Supplementary material 2 from: Parisy B, Schmidt NM, Wirta H, Stewart L, Pellissier L, Holben WE, Pannoni S, Somervuo P, Jones MM, Siren J, Vesterinen E, Ovaskainen O, Roslin T (2023) Ecological signals of arctic plant-microbe associations are consistent across eDNA and vegetation surveys. Metabarcoding and Metagenomics 7: e99979. https://doi.org/10.3897/mbmg.7.99979
Key to taxa for Figure 5, figures S11A and S11B
Supplementary material 1 from: Parisy B, Schmidt NM, Wirta H, Stewart L, Pellissier L, Holben WE, Pannoni S, Somervuo P, Jones MM, Siren J, Vesterinen E, Ovaskainen O, Roslin T (2023) Ecological signals of arctic plant-microbe associations are consistent across eDNA and vegetation surveys. Metabarcoding and Metagenomics 7: e99979. https://doi.org/10.3897/mbmg.7.99979
Complementary figures and details about the article
Could cryoturbic diapirs be key for understanding ecological feedbacks to climate change in High Arctic polar deserts?
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Ecological and evolutionary responses of an arctic plant to variation in microclimate and soil
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Ecological and conceptual consequences of Arctic pollution
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FIGURE 9 in Morphological development, distribution and ecology of the arctic oribatid mite Hermannia scabra (Acari: Oribatida: Hermanniidae) and synonymy of Hermannia gigantea
FIGURE 9. Hermannia scabra (L. Koch, 1879), adult, microscope images: A—notogaster, dorsal view; B—tubercles of notogaster at surface focus; C—the same as B, but at deep focus (tuberculate and porose surface visible).
FIGURE 18 in Morphological development, distribution and ecology of the arctic oribatid mite Hermannia scabra (Acari: Oribatida: Hermanniidae) and synonymy of Hermannia gigantea
FIGURE 18. Hermannia scabra (L. Koch, 1879), larva (A) and tritonymph (B, C), SEM micrographs: A—anterior view; B—dorsal view; C—part of reticulate prodorsal surface with bothridial and exobothridial setae and bothridium. Scale bars 50 μm (A), 100 μm (B), 20 μm (C).
FIGURE 2 in Morphological development, distribution and ecology of the arctic oribatid mite Hermannia scabra (Acari: Oribatida: Hermanniidae) and synonymy of Hermannia gigantea
FIGURE 2. Hermannia scabra (L. Koch, 1879), adult: A—ventral view (subcapitulum and legs omitted); B—acetabula I–III, basal part of prodorsum and anterior part of notogaster, lateral view; C—posterior part of body, lateral view. Scale bar 100 μm.
FIGURE 6 in Morphological development, distribution and ecology of the arctic oribatid mite Hermannia scabra (Acari: Oribatida: Hermanniidae) and synonymy of Hermannia gigantea
FIGURE 6. Hermannia scabra (L. Koch, 1879), adult, SEM micrograph: lateral view. Scale bar 100 μm.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.