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183 results for “arctic tundra”
Eriophorum tiller length in simulated herbivory experiment in moist acidic tundra experimental plots, Arctic LTER, Toolik Field Station, North Slope Alaska, from 2018 to 2021.
Tiller length of Eriophorum vaginatum subjected to fertilization and simulated herbivory from 2018 until 2021. Plants were part of a fertilization experiment begun in 2006 and included four levels of nutrient addition. For the simulated herbivory experiment, plants were not clipped, clipped once in 2018, or clipped every year of the experiment.
Biomass totals and root biomass (partitioned by percent of total leaf area) for species, tissue type, and functional group for the Arctic LTER experimental 1981 mesic acidic tussock tundra (MAT81) for the 2000 and 2015 harvests, Toolik Field Station, Alaska.
Whole plant biomass totals and root biomass (partitioned by percent of total leaf area) for species, tissue type, and functional group for the Arctic LTER experimental 1981 mesic acidic tussock tundra (MAT81) for the 2000 and 2015 harvests. Because most of the root biomass could not be identified to species in either 2000 or 2015, the calculation of root biomass and element content for roots not identified to species was estimated by the proportion of those species’ contributions to total leaf area. Specific Leaf Area (SLA = leaf area per gram leaf, centimeter squared per gram) values were available from several previous harvests of this experiment; in the present study, we used measurements from the 1995 harvest (Shaver et al. 2001).
Fire-severity effects on plant-fungal interactions after a novel tundra wildfire disturbance: implications for arctic shrub and tree migration
Background-Vegetation change in high latitude tundra ecosystems is expected to accelerate due to increased wildfire activity. High-severity fires increase the availability of mineral soil seedbeds, which facilitates recruitment, yet fire also alters soil microbial composition, which could significantly impact seedling establishment. Results - We investigated the effects of fire severity on soil biota and associated effects on plant performance for two plant species predicted to expand into Arctic tundra. We inoculated seedlings in a growth chamber experiment with soils collected from the largest tundra fire recorded in the Arctic and used molecular tools to characterize root-associated fungal communities. Seedling biomass was significantly related to the composition of fungal inoculum. Biomass decreased as fire severity increased and the proportion of pathogenic fungi increased. Conclusions - Our results suggest that effects of fire severity on soil biota reduces seedling performance and thus we hypothesize that in certain ecological contexts fire-severity effects on plant-fungal interactions may dampen the expected increases in tree and shrub establishment after tundra fire.
Reciprocal transplant of mosses from Arctic tundra to alpine tundra and associated N2 fixation rates
In the summer of 2018, 12 cores were taken at Toolik Field Station. Six of those cores were retransplanted into their home environment, while six we transplanted to Eight Mile Lake. At Eight Mile Lake, the same procedure was followed. One year later, these transplants were revisited and associated N2 fixation rates were measured for Hylocomium splendens, Pleurozium scheberi and Aulacomnium turgidum using 15N2 gas incubations.
Data and documentation from: Microclimate explains little variation in year-round decomposition across an Arctic tundra landscape
<p>The zip file contains data and code to reproduce the analysis in the submitted manuscript entitled <i>Microclimate explains little variation in year-round decomposition across an Arctic tundra landscape</i>. Please see the manuscript for further details on background, methodology, results and discussion.</p>
Spectral albedo and summer ground temperature of herbaceous and shrub tundra vegetation at Bylot Island, Canadian High-Arctic
<p>These data are in support of a preprint: </p><p>Comparing spectral albedo and NDVI of herbaceous and shrub tundra vegetation at Bylot Island, Canadian High-Arctic</p><p>Florent Domine, Maria-Belke-Brea, Ghislain Picard, Laurent Arnaud, and Esther Lévesque</p><p>To be submitted in 2023. </p><p>The spectral albedo of several vegetation assemblages on Bylot Island and in Mala River valley on nearby Baffin Island were recorded between 10 and 18 July 2015. The spectral range covered was 346 to 2400 nm. Surfaces were classified according to the main vegetation types. Classes used are graminoids, moss, Salix arctica, soil, and Salix richardsonii. S. richardsonii is the only truly erect species on Bylot Island. Transmission spectra of radiation through the S. richardsonii canopy were also recorded. S. richardsonii spectra were different depending on the location where they were measured and we present spectra for sites in active parts of an alluvial fan (Salix-G2), an inactive part of an alluvial fan (Salix-D1) and in a mesic area on Mala River Valley (Salix-M). We also present typical relative solar irradiance spectra recorded at Bylot Island during the campaign, under clear and overcast conditions. In conjunction with spectral albedo data, these irradiance spectra allow the calculation of the broadband (BB) albedo of the vegetation types and to compare BB albedo values under identical irradiance conditions. 83 spectra were recorded: 39 for S. richardsonii and 44 for low vegetation and soil. 17 transmission spectra under S. richardsonii were recorded. We present here only averages for each vegetation type. We also present averages for all low vegetation types and for all S. richardsonii spectra, to allow the calculation of the radiative impact of erect shrubs at Bylot Island. </p><p>We also present soil temperature data at 15 cm depth for the spots GRASS (mostly Salix Arctica), TUNDRA (Mostly moss), SALIX-D1 (Salix richardsonii) and SALIX-F (Salix richardsonii). SALIX-F is similar to SALIX-G2. The data are during summer 2020. </p><p>The locations of the various spots investigated are: </p><p><strong>Spot name Latitude Longitude Vegetation types found</strong></p><p>TUNDRA 73.150° -80.004° Humid and moist polygons with low vegetation dominated by mosses, graminoids, S. arctica and S. herbacea.</p><p>PLAINE 73.167° -79.915° Low vegetation and bare soil patches caused by cryoturbation (mudboils) with mosses, graminoids and S. arctica.</p><p>GRASS 73.158° -79.907° Low vegetation between patches of S. richardsonii dominated by S. arctica, with litter, mosses, graminoids and occasional bare soil. </p><p>SALIX-D1 73.158° -79.907° Scattered patches of S. richardsonii <35 cm tall. Understory is mosses, graminoids, litter, S. arctica and bare soil.</p><p>SALIX-M 73.006° -80.685° Mesic area with patches of S. richardsonii 35 to 40 cm tall. Understory includes moss, graminoids and litter. Between patches: herb tundra with graminoids and mosses. The area is not within an alluvial fan.</p><p>SALIX-G2 73.168° -79.812° Extended area in an alluvial fan with S. richardsonii >40 cm. Understory includes litter, mosses, graminoids, bare soil, S. arctica and S. reticulata.</p><p>SALIX-F 73.182° -79.745° Similar to SALIX-G2. Ground temperature is monitored there. No spectral data were recorded at that site. </p><p> </p><p> </p>
Data from: Cross-scale regulation of seasonal microclimate by vegetation and snow in the Arctic tundra
<p>The zip file contains data and code from the analyses for von Oppen et al. (2022) <em>Global Change Biology</em> (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.16426">https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.16426</a>). Access through the provided R project file (e.g. with RStudio) is recommended for seamless running of the code. Please see the paper (link below) for methodological details, results and discussion, and the ReadMe included in the archive for further detail and usage policy.</p>
Above ground plant biomass in a mesic acidic tussock tundra experimental site from 1982 to 2015 Arctic LTER, Toolik Lake, Alaska.
Above ground plant biomass and leaf area were measured in a moist acidic tussock tundra experimental site. The plots were set up in 1981 and have been harvested in periodical (See Shaver and Chapin Ecological Monographs, 61(1), 1991 pp.1-31. Mack, et al, Nature 2004 431:440-443) This file contains the biomass numbers for each harvested quadrat and per cent carbon and nitrogen summaries for harvests through 2000. Leaf area data is presented in other data files (see http://ecosystems.mbl.edu/arc).
Above ground plant and below ground stem biomass in the Arctic LTER dry heath tundra experimental plots, 2006, Toolik Lake, Alaska
Above ground plant and below ground stem biomass, percent nitrogen, and percent carbon were measured in the Arctic LTER dry heath tundra experimental plots. Treatments included control, and nitrogen and phosphorus amended plots for 10 years, and exclosure plots with and without added nitrogen and phosphorus.
Soil aggregate size distribution and particulate organic matter content from Arctic LTER moist acidic tundra nutrient addition plots, Toolik Field Station, Alaska, sampled July 2011.
Soil aggregate size distribution, aggregate carbon and nitrogen, and light fraction carbon were determined for mineral soils in moist acidic tundra. Soil was sampled in control, and N+P plots of the Arctic LTER Moist Acidic Tundra plots established in 1989 and 2006.
Extracellular enzyme activities in soils from Arctic LTER moist acidic tundra nutrient addition plots, Toolik Field Station, Alaska, sampled July 2011.
Soil samples were collected from control, and N+P plots from within a set of treatments in Arctic LTER Moist Acidic Tundra plots established in 1989 and in 2006 . At the time of sampling the soil was separated into organic horizon, organic/mineral interface, and the upper 5cm of the mineral soil. In the lab the potential activities of seven hydrolytic enzymes was determined using fluorometric techniques (Saiya-Cork et al. 2002) modified following Steinweg et al(.2012).
The role of down-slope water and nutrient fluxes in the response of Arctic hill slopes to climate change, output from MBLGEMIII for typical tussock-tundra hill slope near Toolik Field Station, Alaska.
Output data sets of the MBL-GEM III model for a typical tussock-tundra hill slope. The model is described in two papers: Le Dizès, S., Kwiatkowski B.L., Rastetter E.B., Hope A., Hobbie J.E., Stow D., Daeschner S., 2003 Modelling biogeochemical responses of tundra ecosystems to temporal and spatial variations in climate in the Kuparuk River Basin (Alaska), Journal of Geophysical Research Vol. 108 No. D2 10.1029/2001JD000960. Rastetter, E.B., B. L. Kwiatkowski, S. Le Dizès, and J.E. Hobbie. 2004. The Role of Down-Slope Water and Nutrient Fluxes in the Response of Arctic Hill Slopes to Climate Change. Biogeochemistry 69:37-62.
Aboveground plant and belowground stem biomass were measured in moist acidic and moist non-acidic tussock tundra experimental plots, Toolik Field Station, Alaska, Arctic LTER 2000.
Aboveground plant and belowground stem biomass were measured in moist acidic and moist non-acidic tussock tundra experimental plots. Treatments at the acidic site include control and nitrogen (N) plus phosphorus (P) amendments; treatments at the non-acidic site include N, P, N+P, greenhouse warming, and greenhouse+N+P. Note: Version 8 corrected an error where Carex vaginata was listed twice under treatment of "Nitrogen Phosphorus". The tissues with 8 quadrats were "Greenhouse" treatment.
Daily weather data file for Arctic Tundra LTER site at Toolik Lake, Arctic LTER 2000.
Daily weather data file for Arctic Tundra LTER site at Toolik Lake. Included are daily averages and/or maximums and minimums of air, soil and lake temperature, wind speed, vapor pressure, and sum of global radiation and unfrozen precipitation recorded near Toolik Lake.
Relative percent cover was measured for plant species on Arctic LTER experimental plots in moist acidic and non-acidic tundra, Arctic LTER Toolik Field Station, Alaska 2013.
Relative percent cover was measured for plant species on Arctic LTER experimental plots at Toolik field station in moist acidic and non-acidic tundra.
Relative percent cover of plant species for 2014 in LTER moist acidic tundra experimental plots established in 1981, Arctic LTER Toolik Field Station, Alaska
Relative percent cover of plant species was measured in moist acidic tundra experimental plots begun in 1981 in 2014. Treatments include Control and Nitrogen and Phosphorus.
Relative percent cover of plant species for years 2012-2017 in the Arctic Long-term Ecological Research (ARC-LTER) 1989 moist acidic tundra (MAT89) experimental plots, Toolik Field Station, Alaska.
Relative percent cover of plant species was measured in ARC-LTER 1989 moist acidic tundra experimental plots. Treatments include Control (CT), Nitrogen Phosphorus (NP), Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), and Greenhouse Control (GHCT). In 1996 on unassigned plots, an experiment that manipulate herbivory presence and nutrients was started. Treatments include Control Unfenced (NFCT), Nitrogen Phosphorus Unfenced (NFNP), and Small Fenced Control (CTSF). Not all treatments were measured each year.
Relative percent cover of plant species for years 2013 2014 2016 2017 in LTER dry heath tundra experimental plots established in 1989, Arctic LTER Toolik, Field Station Alaska
Relative percent cover of plant species was measured in Arctic Long-Term Ecological Research (ARC-LTER) Dry Heath experimental plots. Treatments include Nitrogen Phosphorus (NP), and Control (CT), Nitrogen Phosphorus Unfenced (NFNP), Nitrogen Phosphorus Small Fenced (SFNP), Nitrogen Phosphorus Large Fenced (LFNP), Control (CT), Control Small Fenced (CTSF), and Control Large Fenced (LFCT).
Data from: Plant uptake offsets silica release from a large Arctic tundra wildfire
Rapid climate change at high latitudes is projected to increase wildfire extent in tundra ecosystems by up to five-fold by the end of the century. Tundra wildfire could alter terrestrial silica (SiO2) cycling by restructuring surface vegetation and by deepening the seasonally-thawed active layer. These changes could influence the availability of silica in terrestrial permafrost ecosystems and alter lateral exports to downstream marine waters, where silica is often a limiting nutrient. In this context, we investigated the long-term effects of the largest Arctic tundra fire in recent times on plant and peat amorphous silica content and dissolved silica concentration in streams. Ten-years after the fire, vegetation in burned areas had 73% more silica in aboveground biomass compared to adjacent, unburned areas. This increase in plant silica was attributable to significantly higher plant silica concentration in bryophytes and increased prevalence of silica-rich gramminoids in burned areas. Tundra fire redistributed peat silica, with burned areas containing significantly higher amorphous silica concentrations in the O-layer, but 29% less silica in peat overall due to shallower peat depth post burn. Despite these dramatic differences in terrestrial silica dynamics, dissolved silica concentration in tributaries draining burned catchments did not differ from unburned catchments, potentially due to the increased uptake by terrestrial vegetation. Together, these results suggest that tundra wildfire enhances terrestrial availability of silica via permafrost degradation and associated weathering, but that changes in lateral silica export may depend on vegetation uptake during the first decade of post-wildfire succession.
CO2 NEE and ER + air and soil meteorological and climate parameters in Arctic tundra, Ny Ålesund (Svalbard, NO) - summer 2019
<p>The dataset “fluxes_meteoclimate_NyAlesund” is a .csv file reporting CO2 fluxes and basic meteoclimatic variables measured in the Bayelva Basin near Ny Ålesund, in the Brøgger peninsula, Spitsbergen, Norway (78°55’24’’ N, 11°55’15’’E) during the 2019 growing season peak (July-August). Average coordinates of the measuring site are: 78°55’25.7” N,11°53’29.4” E. Fluxes were measured using the flux chamber method: the Net Ecosystem Exchange (NEE) was measured with a transparent flux chamber, while the Ecosystem Respiration (ER) with a shaded chamber. Three types of sampling were performed: at a fixed point during 24h ('point' in column sampling); in points randomly distributed over a site ('site' in column sampling); and in points covered with specific species ('species' in column sampling). Flux data are complemented by measurements of soil temperature (Ts, in Celsius degrees), soil volumetric water content (VWC, in %), atmospheric pressure (Pr, in hPa), air temperature (Ta, in Celsius degrees), air moisture (RH, in %), and solar radiance (rs , in W/m2). The Green Fractional Cover (GFC, between 0 and 1) of the vegetation inscribed within the sampling surface was estimated from digital RGB pictures taken at nadir. Measurements were divided into 4 classes, depending on the prevailing cover type: bare soil (BS), vascular vegetation (V), non-vascular vegetation (NV, including lichens, mosses and bacterial soil crust) and mix of vascular and non-vascular vegetation (MIX). Class V was further split into 5 subclasses: Carex spp. (CX), Dryas octopetala (DR), Salix Polaris (SL), Saxifraga oppostifolia (SX) and Silene acaulis (SI). </p>
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