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125 results for “artefacts”
Is the deuterostome clade an artefact?
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"Deepening Presence - Probing the hidden artefacts of everyday soundscapes" sound examples
<p>Sound examples for the paper "Deepening Presence - Probing the hidden artefacts of everyday soundscapes"</p>
Data from: Pushing Raman spectroscopy over the edge: purported signatures of organic molecules in fossil animals are instrumental artefacts
<p>Widespread preservation of fossilized biomolecules in many fossil animals has recently been reported in six studies, based on Raman microspectroscopy. Here, we show that the putative Raman signatures of organic compounds in these fossils are actually instrumental artefacts resulting from intense background luminescence. Raman spectroscopy is based on the detection of photons scattered inelastically by matter upon its interaction with a laser beam. For many natural materials, this interaction also generates a luminescence signal that is often orders of magnitude more intense than the light produced by Raman scattering. Such luminescence, coupled with the transmission properties of the spectrometer, induced quasi-periodic ripples in the measured spectra that have been incorrectly interpreted as Raman signatures of organic molecules. Although several analytical strategies have been developed to overcome this common issue, Raman microspectroscopy as used in the studies questioned here cannot be used to identify fossil biomolecules.</p>
The apparent exponential radiation of Phanerozoic land vertebrates is an artefact of spatial sampling biases
There is no consensus about how terrestrial biodiversity was assembled through deep time, and in particular whether it has risen exponentially over the Phanerozoic. Using a database of 38,711 fossil occurrences, we show that the spatial extent of the 'global' terrestrial tetrapod fossil record itself expands exponentially through the Phanerozoic, and that this spatial variation explains around 75% of the variation in known fossil species counts. Controlling for this bias, we find that regional-scale terrestrial tetrapod diversity was constrained over timespans of tens to hundreds of millions of years, and similar patterns are recovered for major subgroups, such as dinosaurs, mammals and squamates. The Cretaceous/Paleogene mass extinction, 66 million years ago, fundamentally disrupted terrestrial ecosystems, catalysing an abrupt increase in its aftermath. Nevertheless, this was followed by general stasis and recent diversity levels do not exceed those of the Paleogene. These findings parallel those recovered in analyses of local community-level richness, suggesting that tetrapod beta diversity has also not shown a general increase through time. Taken together, our findings strongly contradict past studies that suggested unbounded diversity increases over the last 100 million years.
Artefacts from the Fairy Tale World
**Christmas Special** Door No. 10: ***-Book of Artefacts-*** Sound: The Library of The Human Soul & Vienna Session Orchestra - Mystical (Intimate) Software: Maya, Mudbox, SP Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Wmid-6771ac - Unidentified artefact
A complete copper alloy artefact of uncertain function but probably of Post Medieval dating. The artefact is circular, with a square perforation at the centre. A small upright groove is present on the edge, probably for alignment purposes. No decoration is present on either face. The square perforation measures 12.3 mm by 12.6 mm. For more information, please visit the online database record available at: https://finds.org.uk/database/artefacts/record/id/1073467 Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
artefact
Historical artifact from the Bronze Age, maybe a drinking bottle ... Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Raw data for the creation of a maturity model for Catalogues of Semantic Artefacts
<p>This dataset includes two data collections (in two different formats, i.e. CSV and XLSX) with the raw data used for creating the <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10618105">Maturity Dimensions and Sub-Criteria for Catalogues of Semantic Artefacts</a>. In particular:</p> <p>1. <em>Dimension identification in literature</em> includes the list of relevant materials gathered involving all the members of the EOSC Task Force on Semantic Interoperability that include (1) definitions of semantic artefact catalogues and (2) dimensions that can be used to measure the maturity of such catalogues;</p> <p>2. <em>Catalogue assessment</em> is the result of the analysis of 26 different catalogues of semantic artefacts against the dimensions and sub-criteria described in the maturity model.</p>
Research compendium for 'Practical and technical aspects for the 3D scanning of lithic artefacts using micro-computed tomography techniques and laser light scanners for subsequent geometric morphometric analysis. Introducing the StyroStone protocol'
<p><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Here, we present a new method to scan a large number of lithic artefacts using three-dimensional (3D) scanning technology. Despite the rising use of high-resolution 3D surface scanners in archaeological sciences, no virtual studies have focused on the 3D digitization and analysis of small lithic implements such as bladelets, microblades, and microflakes. This is mostly due to difficulties in creating reliable 3D meshes of these artefacts resulting from several inherent features (i.e., size, translucency, and acute edge angles), which compromise the efficiency of structured light or laser scanners and photogrammetry. Our new protocol <em>StyroStone</em> addresses this problem by proposing a step-by-step procedure relying on the use of micro-computed tomographic technology, which is able to capture the 3D shape of small lithic implements in high detail. We tested a system that enables us to scan hundreds of artefacts together at once within a single scanning session lasting a few hours. As also bigger lithic artefacts (i.e., blades) are present in our sample, this protocol is complemented by a short guide on how to effectively scan such artefacts using a structured light scanner (Artec Space Spider). Furthermore, we estimate the accuracy of our scanning protocol using principal component analysis of 3D Procrustes shape coordinates on a sample of meshes of bladelets obtained with both micro-computed tomography and another scanning device (i.e., Artec Micro). A comprehensive review on the use of 3D geometric morphometrics in lithic analysis and other computer-based approaches is provided in the introductory chapter to show the advantages of improving 3D scanning protocols and increasing the digitization of our prehistoric human heritage.</p> <p><strong>Content List:</strong></p> <ul> <li><strong>S1. </strong>Step-by-step protocol entitled ‘StyroStone: A protocol for scanning and extracting three-dimensional meshes of stone artefacts using Micro-CT scanners’. Also available on protocols.io (dx.doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.bzbfp2jn);</li> <li><strong>S2. </strong>Dataset with all raw semilandmark coordinate data (in .xlsx format) used in the validation study;</li> <li><strong>S3. </strong>AGMT3D project. The file “Validation Protocol-MorphoProject.mat” can be used to open the project in the software AGMT3D;</li> <li><strong>S4. </strong>Dataset in .csv format of the principal component score data of the validation study;</li> <li><strong>S5.</strong> R script used to create Figure 2 using the R package ggplot2;</li> <li><strong>S6. </strong>3D models of the experimental bladelets obtained with the Micro-CT scanner used in the validation study. Both .ply and .wrl formats are provided;</li> <li><strong>S7. </strong>3D models of the experimental bladelets obtained with the Artec Micro scanner used in the validation study. Both .ply and .wrl formats are provided.</li> </ul>
Raw data of manuscript "Tapered fibertrodes for opto-electrical neural interfacing in small brain volumes with reduced artefacts"
<p>This dataset contains the raw data for the paper titled "Tapered fibertrodes for opto-electrical neural interfacing in small brain volumes with reduced artefacts".</p>
Artefact to our paper "An Empirical Study of Automated Unit Test Generation for Python"
<p><strong>Artefact for “An Empirical Study of Automated Unit Test Generation for Python”</strong></p> <p>Together with our paper “An Empirical Study of Automated Unit Test Generation for Python”, we provide this artefact for future use.</p> <p><strong>Pynguin Version</strong></p> <p>We used Pynguin 0.25.2 for our experiments. The releases of Pynguin are archieved by Zenodo, too. Pynguin 0.25.2 is available under DOI <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6836225">10.5281/zenodo.6836225</a>.</p> <p><strong>Preparation of the Environment</strong></p> <p>We use the <a href="https://python-poetry.org"><code>poetry</code></a> dependency-management tool to manage all dependencies for this artefact. Install this tool if you have not done yet. Furthermore, let <code>poetry</code> create a virtual environment for the experiment by execution <code>poetry install</code>.</p> <p><strong>Execution of the Experiment</strong></p> <p>The execution scripts make several assumptions that are based on our infrastructure. We maintain a SLURM cluster infrastructure that defines different <code>constraints</code> for different machines.</p> <p>Furthermore, we assume some paths to be present: we assume every computing machine to have writable mount points at <code>/local/${USER}</code> and <code>/local/hdd/${USER}</code>. On our machines, both are mount points on the local hard disk/SSD of the computing machines. Additionally, we have a shared mount <code>/scratch/${USER}</code>, which is mounted via NFS from a central file server. This mount point is also mounted on all computing machines.</p> <p>We assume the created and packaged Docker image to be located at <code>/scratch/lukasczy/pynguin.tar</code>. You can change this path by editing the XML files. These XML files contain the basic definitions of the jobs: they specify the SLURM constraint, the version of the Pynguin Docker container, the used Pynguin configurations as well as the modules used for the experiments. These modules have to reside under <code>projects</code>, as they come with this artefact.</p> <p>The Python script <code>execution.py</code> generates the actual run scripts from the XML file. It generates all scripts necessary to run a SLURM array job consisting of all runs for the experiment. Further general settings for the SLURM array job are present in this file.</p> <p>The Bash script <code>run_experiment.sh</code> executes the full execution pipeline; one has to specify the variable <code>EXPERIMENT_NAME</code> to match the name of the respective XML file who's defined experiment shall be executed.</p> <p><em>Important:</em> Executing the full experiment can take several days, depending on your computing infrastructure! We do therefore provide the raw result CSVs for further inspection.</p> <p><strong>Data Analysis</strong></p> <p>All raw data resides in the <code>data</code> folder:</p> <ul> <li><code>loc_data.csv</code> contains all information about the lines of code in each module. This file was created using the <code>extract_locs_and_types.py</code> script in the root folder. Please note that executing this script requires that the <code>cloc</code> utility tool is installed on your system's path.</li> <li><code>types.csv</code> and <code>types_per_module.csv</code> contain type information extract from the modules at different granularity level. They are also generated using the aforementioned script.</li> <li><code>results-assertion.csv.xz</code> contains the raw results from the experiment for RQ3 that evaluates the effectiveness of the assertions.</li> <li><code>results.csv.xz</code> contains the raw results from the experiment for RQ1 and RQ2.</li> </ul> <p>We provide the Jupyter Notebook that generated the plots, tables, and various LaTeX macros in the <code>notebooks</code> folder. Please note that if you want to reexecute this notebook, you might have to change the <code>PAPER_EXPORT_PATH</code> constant in cell <code>[2]</code> to a suitable location on your machine. Executing this notebook requires a installation of a TeX system to be available on your system because the plots are generated using <code>pdflatex</code> and <code>matplotlib</code>s pgf backend.</p> <p><strong>Further Data</strong></p> <p>The folder <code>projects</code> contains all the projects in the versions stated in our paper. The folder <code>run-logs</code> contains all the run logs from our experiment executions.</p>
Supporting information for 'Towards better understanding of the ferrofluid impregnation process and potential artefacts – a prerequisite for reliable interpretation of magnetic pore fabrics'
<p>These tables contain data for the manuscript 'Towards better understanding of the ferrofluid impregnation process and potential artefacts – a prerequisite for reliable interpretation of magnetic pore fabrics'</p>
High resolution pictures of stone artefacts from Tunel Wielki Cave (southern Poland), sediments series II
<p>A dataset presenting high-resolution pictures of stone artefacts from Tunel Wielki Cave (southern Poland), sediments series II. Supplementary material to the paper: <em>Frontiers of the Lower Palaeolithic expansion in Europe: Tunel Wielki Cave (Poland).</em></p>
Artefact for "Automated Test Generation for Scratch Programs"
<p><strong>Automated Test Generation for Scratch Programs</strong></p> <p>Replication package for our study on <a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2202.06274.pdf">Automated Test Generation for Scratch Programs</a>.</p> <pre><code>@article{Deiner2022AutomatedTG, title={Automated Test Generation for Scratch Programs}, author={Adina Deiner and Patric Feldmeier and Gordon Fraser and Sebastian Schweikl and Wengran Wang}, journal={ArXiv}, year={2022}, volume={abs/2202.06274} }</code></pre> <p>It contains:</p> <ul> <li>A comprehensive README,</li> <li>the source code of <a href="https://github.com/se2p/whisker/tree/emse22">Whisker</a> and our custom <a href="https://github.com/se2p/scratch-vm/tree/emse22">Scratch VM</a>,</li> <li>a docker image of Whisker for a controlled execution environment,</li> <li>the datasets (as <code>*.sb3</code> Scratch project files) used in the study,</li> <li>the Whisker configuration files we used to generate tests with, and</li> <li>all experimental data from the paper as CSV files, along with scripts to re-create the plots.</li> </ul> <p>In case of questions, <a href="mailto:Patric.Feldmeier@uni-passau.de,Sebastian.Schweikl@uni-passau.de">feel free to contact us</a>.</p>
Characterising the stone artefact raw materials at Liang Bua, Indonesia - Supplementary Information
<p>Supplementary Information, including data and R code, for the paper titled "Characterising the stone artefact raw materials at Liang Bua, Indonesia" by Sam Lin, Lloyd White, Jatmiko, I Made Agus Julianto, Matthew Tocheri and Thomas Sutikna.</p>
Leveraging Relational Concept Analysis for Automated Feature Location in Software Product Lines - Artefacts DataSet
<p>This Archive contains the Artefact of the paper, submitted at GPCE2021 :<br> <a href="https://doi.org/10.1145/3486609.3487208">Leveraging Relational Concept Analysis for Automated Feature Location in Software Product Lines</a></p> <p> </p> <p>It contains the dataset and the results of our Feature Location techniques when applied to this dataset.</p>
Artefact for Kaki: Concurrent Update Synthesis for Regular Policies via Petri Games
<p>This is the artefact for the paper "Kaki: Concurrent Update Synthesis for Regular Policies via Petri Games".</p> <p>The files in this package aim to assist you in running Kaki and generating the results presented in the paper. The details on running Kaki, generating the problems and reproducing the results can be read in the README.md file.</p>
Data from: Evidence of artefacts made of giant sloth bones in Central Brazil around the last glacial maximum
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>The peopling of the Americas and human interaction with the Pleistocene megafauna in South America remain hotly debated. Santa Elina rock shelter in Central Brazil shows evidence of successive human settlements from around the last glacial maximum (LGM) to the early Holocene. Two Pleistocene archaeological layers include a rich lithic industry associated with remains of the extinct giant ground sloth <em>Glossotherium phoenesis</em>. The remains include thousands of osteoderms (i.e., dermal bones), three of which were human-modified. In this study, we perform a traceological analysis of these artefacts by optical microscopy, non-destructive scanning electron microscopy, UV/visible photoluminescence, and synchrotron-based microtomography. We also describe the spatial association between the giant sloth bone remains and stone tools and provide a Bayesian age model that confirms the timing of this association in</span> <span>two time horizons of the Pleistocene in Santa Elina. The conclusion from our traceological study is that the three giant sloth osteoderms were intentionally modified into artefacts before fossilisation of the bones. This provides additional evidence for the contemporaneity of humans and megafauna, and for the human manufacturing of personal artefacts on bone remains of ground sloths, around the LGM in Central Brazil.</span></p>
Research compendium for 'Hussain et al. (2023) A pan-European dataset revealing variability in lithic technology, toolkits, and artefact shapes ~15-11 kya'
<p><strong>Research compendium for 'A pan-European dataset revealing variability in lithic technology, toolkits, and artefact shapes ~15-11 kya' </strong></p> <p><strong>Compendium DOI:</strong></p> <p><a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7940337">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7940337</a></p> <p>The files at the URL above will generate the results as found in the publication. The files hosted at <a href="https://github.com/yesdavid/1511NAC_Dataset">https://github.com/yesdavid/1511NAC_Dataset</a> are the development versions and may have changed since the paper was published.</p> <p><strong>Maintainer of this repository:</strong></p> <p>David N. Matzig (<a href="mailto:david.matzig@cas.au.dk">david.matzig@cas.au.dk</a>; <a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7349-5401">http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7349-5401</a>)</p> <p><strong>Published in:</strong></p> <p>Shumon T. Hussain, Felix Riede, David N. Matzig, Miguel Biard, Philippe Crombé, Federica Fontana, Daniel Groß, Thomas Hess, Mathieu Langlais, Javier Fernández-Lopéz de Pablo, Ludovic Mevel, William Mills, Martin Moník, Nicolas Naudinot, Caroline Posch, Tomas Rimkus, Damian Stefański, Hans Vandendriessche. A pan-European dataset revealing variability in lithic technology, toolkits, and artefact shapes ~15-11 kya. <em>Sci Data</em> <strong>10</strong>, 593 (2023). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02500-9">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02500-9</a>.</p> <p><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Comparative macro-archaeological investigations of the human deep past rely on the availability of unified, quality-checked datasets integrating different layers of observation. Information on the durable and ubiquitous record of Paleolithic stone artefacts and technological choices are especially pertinent to this endeavour. We here present a large expert-sourced collaborative dataset for the study of stone tool technology and artefact shape evolution across Europe between ~15.000 and 11.000 years before present. The dataset contains a compendium of key sites from the study period, and data on lithic technology and toolkit composition at the level of the cultural taxa represented by those sites. The dataset further encompasses 2D shapes of selected lithic artefact groups (armatures, endscrapers, and borers) shared between cultural taxa. These data offer novel possibilities to explore within- and between-region patterns of material culture change to reveal scale-dependent processes of long-term technological evolution in mobile hunter-gatherer societies at the end of the Pleistocene. Our dataset facilitates state-of-the-art quantitative analyses and showcases the benefits of collaborative data collation and synthesis.</p> <p><strong>Keywords:</strong></p> <p>Europe; Pleistocene-Holocene transition; Late Glacial archaeology; lithic technology; comparison; macro-archaeology; taxonomy; cultural evolution; digital methods; computational morphometrics; collaborative research; open science</p> <p><strong>Overview of contents and how to reproduce:</strong></p> <p>This repository contains data (<code>1_data</code>) and code (<code>2_scripts</code>) for the paper, as well as the <code>1511NAC_Dataset</code> folder. The <code>1511NAC_Dataset</code> folder contains all relevant data for the readers to start their own analyses using the dataset. After downloading the complete repository, the results can be reproduced using <code>1511NAC_dataset.Rproj</code> and the existing folder structure. The required packages and their versions which have been used in this study are listed below and in the <code>DESCRIPTION</code>-file. All analyses and visualisations presented in this paper were prepared in R 4.2.2 under Ubuntu 18.04.5 LTS (64-bit).</p> <p><strong>Required R-packages and their versions:</strong></p> <p><code>data.table</code> (>= 1.14.8), <code>dplyr</code> (>= 1.1.2), <code>forcats</code> (>= 1.0.0), <code>ggforce</code> (>= 0.4.1), <code>ggplot2</code> (>= 3.4.2), <code>ggpointgrid</code> (>= 1.2.0), <code>ggridges</code> (>= 0.5.4), <code>magrittr</code> (>= 2.0.3), <code>Momocs</code> (>= 1.4.0), <code>outlineR</code> (>= 0.1.0), <code>raster</code> (>= 3.6-20), <code>readr</code> (>= 2.1.4), <code>remotes</code> (>= 2.4.2), <code>rgeos</code> (>= 0.6-2), <code>rworldmap</code> (>= 1.3-6), <code>sp</code> (>= 1.6-0).</p> <p><strong>Licenses:</strong></p> <p>Code: <strong>MIT</strong> <a href="http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT">http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT</a>, copyright holder: David Nicolas Matzig (2023).</p> <p>Data and intellectual work: <strong>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</strong> (<a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</a>), copyright holder: the authors (2023).</p>
Data from: A critical assessment of the stoichiometric knife-edge: no evidence for artefacts caused by the experimental P-supplementation of algae
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