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151 results for “baleen whale”
Fig. 10 in The anatomy of the Late Miocene baleen whale Cetotherium riabinini from Ukraine
Fig. 10. Proximal portion of the right mandible of the cetotheriid baleen whale Cetotherium riabinini Hofstein, 1948, Late Miocene of Nikolaev, Ukraine, NMNH-P 668/1, in lateral (A), dorsomedial (B), and posterior (C) views.
Historical baleen plates indicate that once abundant Antarctic blue and fin whales demonstrated distinct migratory and foraging strategies
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Data from: The earliest baleen whale of the mediterranean: Large-scale implications of an early miocene thalassotherian mysticete from Piedmont, Italy
The discovery of an Early Miocene chaeomysticete from the Pietra da Cantoni Group in Piedmont (north-western Italy) allowed for the creation of Atlanticetus n. gen. and Atlanticetus lavei n. sp. The new species is represented by a partial skeleton including the earbones and shows anatomical resemblance with Atlanticetus patulus (new combination) from the western North Atlantic. The Early Miocene age of the new specimen supports the view that it represents the oldest record of Chaeomysticeti from the Mediterranean. A new phylogenetic analysis showed that both A. patulus and A. lavei belong to a radiation of basal thalassotherian taxa. The basal thalassotherians are found being monophyletic to the exclusion of Cetotheriidae and Balaenopteroidea. The reconstruction of ancestral characters at selected nodes informs that the group including Atlanticetus and living balaenopterid taxa independently evolved rostra wide at base, anterolateral expansion in the tympanic bulla and a peculiar arrangement of the endocranial foramina of the periotic exhibiting a noteworthy phenomenon of convergent evolution in feeding and hearing functions with Balaenopteridae. The paleobiogeographic analysis showed that the North Pacific was the center of origin of Balaenomorpha (crown mysticetes), Thalassotherii and Balaenoidea. The recurrent invasion of the Mediterranean by balaenomorph mysticetes occurred from both the North Atlantic and North Pacific.
Data from: Echericetus novellus n. gen. n. sp. (Cetacea: Mysticeti: Eomysticetidae), an Oligocene baleen whale from Baja California Sur, Mexico
<p><span>Among the several evolutionary lineages of the baleen whales (Mysticeti), the eomysticetids are an ancient successful family that retain possibly non-functional teeth and functional baleen, a transitional stage between toothed and baleen-assisted filter-feeding mysticetes. However, the patchy fossil record leaves gaps in eomysticetids palaeobiology interpretations but their diversity and widespread geographical distribution can be a relevant proxy to understanding the evolution of crown Mysticeti. Here, we describe a new baleen whale, <em>Echericetus novellus</em> n. gen. n. sp., from the Oligocene of Mexico (slightly older than 27.95 million years ago). This new taxon has morphological features that show its affinity to Eomysticetidae, such as the intertemporal region longer than wide, elongate and oval temporal fossa, and a well-developed and lobate coronoid process of the mandible. Similarly, our cladistic analyses confirm the inclusion of <em>Echericetus</em> in the Eomysticetidae. <em>Echericetus</em> reinforces our notion of the eomysticetid diversity and disparity. Geographically, the existence of <em>Echericetus</em> from Mexico also indicates that eomysticetids inhabited subtropical regions in the Northern Hemisphere. Lastly, our discovery of a new eomysticetid from the Oligocene of Mexico provides new insights into the distribution patterns and habitat use of Eomysticetidae, essential to further explain the demise of this transitional lineage between toothed and baleen-bearing whales.</span></p>
Collecting baleen whale blow samples by drone: a minimally intrusive tool for conservation genetics
<p>In coastal British Columbia, Canada, marine megafauna such as humpback whales (<em>Megaptera novaeangliae</em>) and fin whales (<em>Balaenoptera physalus velifera</em>) have been subject to a history of exploitation and near extirpation. While their populations have been in recovery, significant threats are posed by proposed natural resource ventures in this region, in addition to the compounding effects of increasingly severe marine heatwaves. Genetic tools play a vital role in informing conservation efforts, but the associated collection of tissue biopsy samples can be challenging for the investigators and disruptive to the ongoing behaviour of the targeted whales. Here we evaluate a minimally intrusive approach based on collecting exhaled breath condensate, or respiratory 'blow' samples, from baleen whales using an unoccupied aerial system (UAS), within Gitga'at First Nation territory for conservation genetics. Minimal behavioural responses to the sampling technique were observed, with no response detected 87% of the time (of 112 UAS deployments). DNA from whale blow (<em>n</em> = 88 samples) was extracted, and DNA profiles consisting of 10 nuclear microsatellite loci, sex identification, and mitochondrial (mt) DNA haplotypes, were constructed. An average of 7.5 microsatellite loci per individual were successfully genotyped. The success rates for mtDNA and sex assignment were 80% and 89% respectively. Thus, this minimally intrusive sampling method can be used to describe genetic diversity and generate genetic profiles for individual identification. The results of this research show the potential of UAS-collected whale blow for conservation genetics from a remote location.</p>
Table 1 in Chronic stress from fishing gear entanglement is recorded in baleen from a bowhead whale (Balaena mysticetus)
<p><i>Table 1.</i> The mean (± SD), baseline (± SD), and maximum values for cortisol and corticosterone measured in baleen from a severely entangled bowhead whale (17B6) compared to healthy subadult (<i>n</i> = 3) and adult (<i>n</i> = 4) male bowhead whales. The mean and baseline values for 17B6 were calculated using data from the preentanglement period, and the values are identical because there were no outlier values (see Methods for details).</p><table><tbody><tr><th></th><th>Cortisol (ng/g)</th><th></th><th>Corticosterone (ng/g)</th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th></th><td>Mean</td><td>Baseline</td><td>Maximum</td><td>Mean</td><td>Baseline</td><td>Maximum</td></tr><tr><th>Entangled</th><td>0.15 ± 0.06</td><td>0.15 ± 0.06</td><td>3.23</td><td>0.53 ± 0.17</td><td>0.53 ± 0.17</td><td>1.14</td></tr><tr><th>Subadults</th><td>0.52 ± 0.24</td><td>0.49 ± 0.12</td><td>1.60</td><td>1.06 ± 0.57</td><td>1.02 ± 0.25</td><td>2.70</td></tr><tr><th>Adults</th><td>0.35 ± 0.09</td><td>0.32 ± 0.04</td><td>1.11</td><td>0.75 ± 0.22</td><td>0.74 ± 0.13</td><td>1.67</td></tr></tbody></table>
Wild pedigrees inform mutation rates and historic abundance in baleen whales
<p>Phylogeny-based estimates suggesting a low germline mutation rate (<em>μ</em>) in baleen whales have influenced research ranging from assessments of whaling impacts to evolutionary cancer biology. We estimated <em>μ</em> directly from pedigrees in four baleen whale species for both the mitochondrial control region and nuclear genome. The results suggest values higher than those obtained through phylogeny-based estimates and similar to pedigree-based values for primates and toothed whales. Applying our estimate of <em>μ</em> reduces previous genetic–based estimates of pre-exploitation whale abundance by 86% and suggests that <em>μ</em> cannot explain low cancer rates in gigantic mammals. Our study shows that it is feasible to estimate <em>μ</em> directly from pedigrees in natural populations, with wide-ranging implications for ecological and evolutionary research.</p>
Collecting baleen whale blow samples by drone: a minimally intrusive tool for conservation genetics
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Data from: Echericetus novellus n. gen. n. sp. (Cetacea: Mysticeti: Eomysticetidae), an Oligocene baleen whale from Baja California Sur, Mexico
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Wild pedigrees inform mutation rates and historic abundance in baleen whales
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Optimizing DNA extraction protocols for the diet analysis of a baleen whale (Eubalaena australis)
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Quantifying uncertainty in anthropogenic causes of injury and mortality for an endangered baleen whale
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Data from: The earliest baleen whale of the mediterranean: Large-scale implications of an early miocene thalassotherian mysticete from Piedmont, Italy
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Marine soundscape variation reveals insights into baleen whales and their environment: a case study in central New Zealand
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Data from: How do baleen whales stow their filter? A comparative biomechanical analysis of baleen bending
Bowhead and right whale (balaenid) baleen filtering plates, longer in vertical dimension (3-4+ m) than the closed mouth, presumably bend during gape closure. This has not been observed in live whales, even with scrutiny of videorecorded feeding sequences. To determine what happens to baleen as gape closes, we conducted an integrative, multifactorial study including materials testing, functional (flow tank and kinematic) testing, and histological examination. We measured baleen bending properties along the dorsoventral length of plates and anteroposterior location within a rack of plates via mechanical (axial bending, composite flexure, compression, and tension) tests of hydrated and air-dried tissue samples from balaenid and other whale baleen. Balaenid baleen is remarkably strong yet pliable, with ductile fringes and low stiffness and high elasticity when wet; it likely bends in the closed mouth when not used for filtration. Calculation of flexural modulus from stress/strain experiments shows baleen is slightly more flexible where it emerges from the gums and at its ventral terminus, but kinematic analysis indicates plates bend evenly along their whole length. Fin and humpback whale baleen has similar material properties but less flexibility, with no dorsoventral variation. Internal horn tubes have greater external and hollow luminal diameter but lower density in lateral relative to medial baleen of bowhead and fin whales, suggesting greater capacity for lateral bending. Baleen bending has major consequences not only for feeding morphology and energetics but also conservation given that entanglement in fishing gear is a leading cause of whale mortality.
Data from: Persistent near real-time passive acoustic monitoring for baleen whales from a moored buoy: system description and evaluation
1. Managing interactions between human activities and marine mammals often relies on an understanding of the real-time distribution or occurrence of animals. Visual surveys typically cannot provide persistent monitoring because of expense and weather limitations, and while passive acoustic recorders can monitor continuously, the data they collect are often not accessible until the recorder is recovered. 2. We have developed a moored passive acoustic monitoring system that provides near real-time occurrence estimates for humpback, sei, fin, and North Atlantic right whales from a single site for a year, and makes those occurrence estimates available via a publicly accessible website, email and text messages, a smartphone/tablet app, and the U.S. Coast Guard's maritime domain awareness software. We evaluated this system using a buoy deployed off the coast of Massachusetts during 2015-2016 and redeployed again during 2016-2017. Near real-time estimates of whale occurrence were compared to simultaneously collected archived audio as well as whale sightings collected near the buoy by aerial surveys. 3. False detection rates for right, humpback, and sei whales were 0% and nearly 0% for fin whales, while missed detection rates at daily time scales were modest (12-42%). Missed detections were significantly associated with low calling rates for all species. We observed strong associations between right whale visual sightings and near real-time acoustic detections over a monitoring range of 30-40 km and temporal scales of 24-48 hours, suggesting that silent animals were not especially problematic for estimating occurrence of right whales in the study area. There was no association between acoustic detections and visual sightings of humpback whales. 4. The moored buoy has been used to reduce the risk of ship strikes for right whales in a U.S. Coast Guard gunnery range, and can be applied to other mitigation applications.
Data from: Independent evolution of baleen whale gigantism linked to Plio-Pleistocene ocean dynamics
Vertebrates have evolved to gigantic sizes repeatedly over the past 250 Myr, reaching their extreme in today's baleen whales (Mysticeti). Hypotheses for the evolution of exceptionally large size in mysticetes range from niche partitioning to predator avoidance, but there has been no quantitative examination of body size evolutionary dynamics in this clade and it remains unclear when, why or how gigantism evolved. By fitting phylogenetic macroevolutionary models to a dataset consisting of living and extinct species, we show that mysticetes underwent a clade-wide shift in their mode of body size evolution during the Plio-Pleistocene. This transition, from Brownian motion-like dynamics to a trended random walk towards larger size, is temporally linked to the onset of seasonally intensified upwelling along coastal ecosystems. High prey densities resulting from wind-driven upwelling, rather than abundant resources alone, are the primary determinant of efficient foraging in extant mysticetes and Late Pliocene changes in ocean dynamics may have provided an ecological pathway to gigantism in multiple independent lineages.
Data from: A systematic review of cetothere baleen whales (Cetacea, Cetotheriidae) from the Late Miocene of Crimea and Caucasus, with a new genus
Nine taxa of Miocene baleen whales were described from the Black Sea region under the name Cetotherium before 1951, and a further four closely related species representing three genera have been added in recent years. This rich diversity requires taxonomic revision and ordering. Here, a new genus, Mithridatocetus, is described from the Tortonian of Crimea and Caucasus, with two species, M. eichwaldi and M. adygeicus (originally Kurdalagonus adygeicus); 'Cetotherium' mayeri (a nomen dubium) is also a member of this genus. In comparison with other Cetotheriinae, Mithridatocetus is distinguished by the autapomorphic shape of the tympanic bulla with the swollen main ridge, the lowered anterior portion of the involucrum and the oblique anterolateral margin; such synapomorphies, as a transversely narrow squamosal with the ventromedially oriented postglenoid process (shared with Eucetotherium), a squamosal cleft (shared with Kurdalagonus) and an oval surface of the compound posterior process of the tympanoperiotic on the posterolateral skull wall (shared with Brandtocetus); and a unique combination of a high neurocranium and a long and robust paroccipital process. The genus Kurdalagonus is redefined here as containing only one described species, K. mchedlidzei. Therefore, the group Cetotheriinae is now restricted to the latest Serravallian and Tortonian of the Eastern Paratethys and includes at least five genera: Cetotherium, Brandtocetus, Kurdalagonus, Mithridatocetus and Zygiocetus. In addition, ?Cetotherium priscum and C. incertum are considered to be nomina dubia; 'Cetotherium' klinderi and 'Cetotherium' pusillum require more complete specimens for reassessment; 'Cetotherium' maicopicum and Eucetotherium helmersenii require further research to identify their taxonomical affinities.
Figure 16 in Herpetocetus morrowi (Cetacea: Mysticeti), a new species of diminutive baleen whale from the Upper Pliocene (Piacenzian) of California, USA, with observations on the evolution and relationships of the Cetotheriidae
Figure 16. Herpetocetus morrowi sp. nov., UCMP 124950, illustrated right temporal wall of holotype skull in lateral view showing configuration of anatomical elements.
Figure 34 in Herpetocetus morrowi (Cetacea: Mysticeti), a new species of diminutive baleen whale from the Upper Pliocene (Piacenzian) of California, USA, with observations on the evolution and relationships of the Cetotheriidae
Figure 34. Herpetocetus morrowi sp. nov., UCMP 124950, holotype thoracic vertebrae. A, vertebra #6, anterior view; B, adjoined vertebrae and rib fragment, anterior view; C, vertebra #6, posterior view; D, adjoined vertebrae and rib fragment, posterior view; E, vertebra #6, dorsal view; F, adjoined vertebrae and rib fragment, dorsal view. Scale bar = 5 cm.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.