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FIGURE 5. Diagrams showing A in Description of contents of unopened bamboo corsets and crates from Quarry Ig/WJ of the Tendaguru locality (Late Jurassic, Tanzania, East Africa) as revealed by medical CT data and the potential of this data under paleontological and historical aspects

FIGURE 5. Diagrams showing A) the distribution of clay jackets, unprepared bones and tin cans in the bamboo corsets and crates, B) Frequency of different bone elements of Dysalotosaurus lettowvorbecki in the bamboo corsets and crates. The unidentified bone fragments of Dysalotosaurus are not incorporated in this count. Isolated vertebral centra have been counted without determination of their corresponding body region (i.e., cervical, dorsal, sacral, or caudal).

FIGURE 4 in Description of contents of unopened bamboo corsets and crates from Quarry Ig/WJ of the Tendaguru locality (Late Jurassic, Tanzania, East Africa) as revealed by medical CT data and the potential of this data under paleontological and historical aspects

FIGURE 4. Packing types of fossil specimens as visible in the CT images A) "Ig 420, 439, 453, 512", longitudinal section (MIP mode and CT-pulmonary filters set) showing wrapping of specimens in savanna grass, B) "Ig88" cross-section showing wrapping of fossils in savanna grass and tight stuffing of bamboo corsets, C) "Ig291, 291", longitudinal section of the typical clay jackets, showing a femur of Dysalotosaurus in pieces with protection cover of clay, D) "Ig281", partial longitudinal section showing clay jackets and single bone fragments with and without sediment, E) "Ig 122, 124, 266, 267, 269, 270, 272, 276", longitudinal section showing clusters of vertebrae and bone fragments in the bamboo corset, F) "Ig_2011_4", crate with two large sediment slabs with fossil bones, G) "Ig_2011_1", crate with bamboo stalks filled with fossil bones and bones wrapped in savanna grass, H) "Ig_NN6", bamboo corset in longitudinal section (MIP mode) showing tin cans and bone cluster in between (see also Figure 4C-D), I) "Ig 330, 339, 347, 349 350, 351, 352, 356, 360, 346, 366", bamboo corset in longitudinal section (MIP mode) showing several tin cans and some additional loose bones. Scale bar is 50 mm. Abbreviations: bb, bamboo stalk; bf, bone fragment; cl, clay cover of bone; clj, clay jacket; df, dentary fragment; dife, distal femur; sed, sediment; sgb, savanna grass bundle; vc, vertebral centrum.

FIGURE 3. 3D in Description of contents of unopened bamboo corsets and crates from Quarry Ig/WJ of the Tendaguru locality (Late Jurassic, Tanzania, East Africa) as revealed by medical CT data and the potential of this data under paleontological and historical aspects

FIGURE 3. 3D visualization images of containers, showing different content types, link to corresponding movies. A) "Ig88", clay jackets and bones; B) "Ig_2011_5", crate with an accumulation of vertebrae and some other bones. Scale bars in A) and B) are 50 mm. "Ig_NN6", tin cans and small bones in bamboo corset, 3D MIP videos, C) with bamboo corset and surface visualized, D) with content of tin cans visualized. Scale bars in C) and D) are 100 mm. Abbreviations: bc, 3D visualized bamboo corset; bf, bone fragment; clvc, cluster of vertebral centra; clj, clay jacket; tc, tin can; vc, vertebral corpus. Videos of A), B), C) and D) available at the PE You Tube channel (https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCF6IBDiGbut- DrVada60Izyg).

FIGURE 2 in Description of contents of unopened bamboo corsets and crates from Quarry Ig/WJ of the Tendaguru locality (Late Jurassic, Tanzania, East Africa) as revealed by medical CT data and the potential of this data under paleontological and historical aspects

FIGURE 2. Photographs of packing and transport of bamboo corsets on the Tendaguru hill, A) MfN HBSB PM_B_IV_0072, and B) MfN HBSB PM_B_V_156, local workers producing and filling bamboo corsets, C) MfN HBSB PM_B_V_160, workers have gathered to start their march to Lindi with the bamboo corsets, D) MfN HBSB PM_B_V_168, long column of carriers following the small foot path to Lindi with bamboo corsets either between them or carried on the head. E) Aquilion CX CT scanner at the IZW, this machine was used to scan all 40 bamboo corsets, F) wooden crates from Quarry Ig/WJ on their way through the Toshiba Aquilion One CT scanner at the Charité, photograph by Oliver Wings.

FIGURE 7 in Description of contents of unopened bamboo corsets and crates from Quarry Ig/WJ of the Tendaguru locality (Late Jurassic, Tanzania, East Africa) as revealed by medical CT data and the potential of this data under paleontological and historical aspects

FIGURE 7. Examples of bone elements from Kentrosaurus aethiopicus as found in the bamboo corsets link to corresponding movies. A) "Ig88", bamboo corset with two caudal vertebral centra (one of them with separate neural arch), a haemapophysis, a distal part of humerus, femur and ilium and ischium fragments of Kentrosaurus, and vertebral centra of Dysalotosaurus; B) "Ig 277, 279, 284", remains of one right scapula and humerus and proximal part of left scapula, and tibia of Dysalotosaurus; C) Crate "Ig_2011_1", ulna of Kentrosaurus, and several long bones and bone fragments of Dysalotosaurus. Scale bar is 100 mm. Abbreviations: bf, bone fragment; dife, distal femur; dihu, distal humerus; haem, haemapophysis; hu, humerus; ili, ilium; isc, ischium; scap, scapula; uln, ulna; vc, vertebral centrum. Videos of A) to C) available at the PE You Tube channel (https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCF6IBDiGbut- DrVada60Izyg)

FIGURE 1. A in Description of contents of unopened bamboo corsets and crates from Quarry Ig/WJ of the Tendaguru locality (Late Jurassic, Tanzania, East Africa) as revealed by medical CT data and the potential of this data under paleontological and historical aspects

FIGURE 1. A) Entries in field catalogue of Janensch (1909-1911) for Quarry Ig/WJ page 73 and page 143. Photographs of original packed items from Quarry Ig/WJ.B) clay jacket Ig294, C) tin can filled with small bones from Quarry Ig/WJ and padded with pieces of cotton, scale bar for B) and C) is 50 mm. D) baobab fruit capsule filled with small bones and vertebrae from Quarry Ig/WJ, padded with a bundle of savanna grass, not to scale, E) opened bamboo corset from Quarry Ig/WJ containing four clay jackets (one partially with plaster of paris) on a thick layer of savanna grass (this photograph is also used in Heinrich and Schultka, 2007: Abb. 32), F) Close-up of one of the studied bamboo corsets in the collection of the MfN with original ink labelling and paper label visible, scale bar for E) and F) is 80 mm. G) Section of several bamboo corsets as stored at the collection of the MfN, not to scale. Photographs B) to E) by Carola Radke, and photographs F) and G) by Hwa Ja Götz, both MfN.

Fig. 7 in Composition and Dynamics of Hexapod Communities on Yushan Bamboo () in the Subtropical Montane Areas of Taiwan.

Fig. 7. Redundancy analysis (RDA) of hexapod families identified in bimonthly surveys during 2009–2012. (A) RDA revealed that the explained variance derived on the first (X) and second (Y) axes for the first 19 families in the two principal components (i.e., PC1 and PC2) were 0.773 and 0.227, respectively. Triplot revealed the association between hexapod compositions at the family level and monthly average temperature (MAT) and monthly cumulative precipitation (MCP). Families are indicated by red arrows, and climatic factors are indicated by blue arrows. Samples collected in spring (April), summer (June and August), fall (October), and winter (December and February) are indicated by red triangles, empty triangles, diamonds, and circles, respectively. The eigenvalues on the first and second axes were 0.262 and 0.194, respectively. The arrow lengths and directions correspond to the variance explained by the climatic factors. The directions of the arrows indicate whether the magnitude of the variance explained by the climatic factors increased. The perpendicular distances between the family and climatic variable axes (or arrows) in the plot reflect their correlations; the smaller the distance is, the stronger the correlation is. (B) Spearman's Pearson correlation coefficients between the individuals of 19 hexapod families and two climate factors. The values for each family are presented in a gradient of blue to red to represent the families' expected correlations with the climatic factors. The values in the blue bars indicate the explained variance by the climatic factors for each family. The first three capital letters of family name in panel B were used in place of the full name of each family.

Fig. 6 in Composition and Dynamics of Hexapod Communities on Yushan Bamboo () in the Subtropical Montane Areas of Taiwan.

Fig. 6. Spatial ordination of hexapod compositions—determined through principal component analysis—identified in bimonthly surveys during 2009–2012. The dominant families with extremely low PC2 values (lower than -0.2) are listed (details provided in Table S4). The right and left areas present hexapods in the winter and summer groups, respectively.

Fig. 5 in Composition and Dynamics of Hexapod Communities on Yushan Bamboo () in the Subtropical Montane Areas of Taiwan.

Fig. 5. Transformed numbers (logN values) of adult (solid circle) and nymphal (empty circle) individuals belonging to the dominant family Cicadellidae identified in bimonthly surveys during 2009–2012.

Fig. 3 in Composition and Dynamics of Hexapod Communities on Yushan Bamboo () in the Subtropical Montane Areas of Taiwan.

Fig. 3. Variations of hexapod biodiversity indices in bimonthly surveys. Variations of Evenness (circle), Shannon (square), and Simpson (triangle) indices during 2009–2012. Temperature is indicated by gray bars.

Fig. 4 in Composition and Dynamics of Hexapod Communities on Yushan Bamboo () in the Subtropical Montane Areas of Taiwan.

Fig. 4. Numbers of individuals and the biomass transformed on the basis of body length data collected in bimonthly survey during 2009–2012. The numbers of individuals (solid circles) and biomass (empty circles, mg) were transformed into logN values. Temperature is indicated by gray bars.

Fig. 2 in Composition and Dynamics of Hexapod Communities on Yushan Bamboo () in the Subtropical Montane Areas of Taiwan.

Fig. 2. Bimonthly dynamics of numbers of individuals in the dominant hexapod orders Collembola (square), Hemiptera (triangle), and Hymenoptera (circle) surveyed during 2009–2012. Temperature is indicated by gray bars.

Fig. 1 in Composition and Dynamics of Hexapod Communities on Yushan Bamboo () in the Subtropical Montane Areas of Taiwan.

Fig. 1. Percentage distribution of individuals belonging to hexapod families of the dominant orders of Hemiptera, Collembola, and Hymenoptera surveyed on Yushan bamboo during 2009–2012. Family names are listed beneath the axis. Families were presented in colors.

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2018View details →

Data from paper: "Life cycle of bamboo in the southwestern Amazon and its relation to fire events".

This is the dataset from the paper "Life cycle of bamboo in the southwestern Amazon and its relation to fire events".   It contains: - The processed MODIS (MAIAC) time series for the southwest Amazon, already processed and ready to use for the modeling (files such as bamboo_ts_annual_2000-2017_band[...]). MODIS (MAIAC) composites for south america is not provided here because of its huge file size (contact ricds@hotmail.com). - Final bamboo die-off data from 2001-2017 using the simple bilinear model (combination from band 2 and 5, p-value < 0.001). The data used for Figure S3. File: "Theoric_death_merged_band2_band5.tif" - Bamboo die-off detected from 2001-2017 using the simple bilinear model (files Theoric_death_year_band2 and Theoric_death_year_band5, and Theoric_pvalue_band2 and Theoric_pvalue_band5). To obtain the same map as in the paper, must apply the p < 0.001 over the death year map. - Bamboo spatial distribution obtained by the die-off detection and live detection. In this map, values equal to 0, 1 and 2 correspond to non-bamboo, live bamboo and dead bamboo forests. - Bamboo die-off predictions from 2000-2028 using the empirical curves (files Empirical_death_year_band2_curves2 and Empirical_death_year_band5_curves2, and Empirical_p_value_band5_curves2 and Empirical_p_value_band5_curves2). To obtain the same map as in the paper, must apply the p < 0.001 over the death year map.   More information contact Ricardo Dalagnol (ricds@hotmail.com).

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2019View details →

Fig. 1 in Prevalence and diversity of Cryptosporidium spp. in bamboo rats (Rhizomys sinensis) in South Central China

Fig. 1. Phylogenetic relationship of the five gene loci of Cryptosporidium species/genotypes. The Panel A to E are represent the actin, gp60, HSP70, COWP and SSU rDNA gene, respectively. The numbers on the branches are percent bootstrapping values from 1000 replicates. Each sequence is identified by its accession number and Cryptosporidium species/genotypes designation. The triangle filled in black indicate the subtypes identified in this study.

FIGURE 7 in Toward a revision of the bamboo corals: Part 6, Illuminating a new candelabrum genus (Octocorallia: Keratoisididae)

FIGURE 7. Map showing distribution of Tridentisis candelabrum specimens, including both collected specimens (green squares) and in situ observations from high-definition video from ROV (yellow circles). There is overlap of symbols for collection locations on Balanus Seamount and off Molokai, Hawaii.

FIGURE 6. Tridentisis candelabrum, paratype specimen MOL101-1 sclerites from A in Toward a revision of the bamboo corals: Part 6, Illuminating a new candelabrum genus (Octocorallia: Keratoisididae)

FIGURE 6. Tridentisis candelabrum, paratype specimen MOL101-1 sclerites from A, body, intertentacular needles, B, body wall, C, tentacles, D, coenenchyme, and E, pharynx.

FIGURE 5 in Toward a revision of the bamboo corals: Part 6, Illuminating a new candelabrum genus (Octocorallia: Keratoisididae)

FIGURE 5. Normal and aberrant polyps of Tridentisis candelabrum colonies. A. in situ image of expanded polyps with projecting inter-tentacular needles, semi-transparent tissue, and red color associated with oral opening (Mariana Trench Marine National Monument, Pacific Ocean, 1847 m depth, EX1605L3 Dive 19). B. microscope image of preserved paratype colony MOL101-1 showing inter-tentacular needles and semi-transparent tissue in the basal part of the polyp. C. in situ image of part of the colony CAT 206-1; the widely space branches and sparse polyps are evident. D. microscope image of a section of the most lateral vertical branch; the polyps are poorly developed with only the large needle sclerites being evident.

FIGURE 4 in Toward a revision of the bamboo corals: Part 6, Illuminating a new candelabrum genus (Octocorallia: Keratoisididae)

FIGURE 4. Examples of aberrant colony form in Tridentisis candelabrum. A. two-node offset of trident, on rift zone ridge north of St. Rogatien Bank, Northwestern Hawaiian Islands, 1963 m depth, EX1504L2 Dive 3. B,C. one-node offset of trident, on Mendelsohn Seamount, Musician Seamounts, Pacific Ocean, 1651 m depth, EX1708 Dive 19. A fragment of this colony was collected and sequenced (USNM 1467653; GenBank Acc. # OR805796). D. asymmetrical branch growth, Explorer Ridge, Mariana Trench Marine National Monument, Pacific Ocean, 1754 m depth, EX1605L3 Dive 15. E,F. asymmetrical branch growth and anomalous branch "tangle", Karin Ridge, Johnston Atoll Unit of Pacific Remote Islands Marine National Monument, Pacific Ocean, 1897 m depth, EX1504L4 Dive 9. G. apparent failure of growth of one side of the colony, Wake Atoll Unit of Pacific Remote Islands Marine National Monument, Pacific Ocean, 1972 m depth, EX1606 Dive 7. H. axis bifurcation one node below trifurcation on one side resulting in branches overlapping and developing out of the plane of the candelabra, Johnston Atoll Unit of Pacific Remote Islands Marine National Monument, Pacific Ocean, 1364 m depth, EX1706 Dive 13. I. aberrant branching of vertical branch and one node offset of the trident, Wake Atoll Unit of Pacific Remote Islands Marine National Monument, Pacific Ocean, 1982 m depth, EX1606 Dive 3.

FIGURE 3 in Toward a revision of the bamboo corals: Part 6, Illuminating a new candelabrum genus (Octocorallia: Keratoisididae)

FIGURE 3. Whole colony in situ images of Tridentisis candelabrum specimens for which samples were collected (see Type Series and Table 1 for details). A, holotype colony (BAL205-1) at 1889 meters depth on Balanus Seamount, New England Seamount chain. B, colony CAT 206-1 from Cat Island, Bahamas, collected at 1255 m. C, paratype colony NEP204-4 at 1289 meters depth in the Northeast Providence Channel, Whale Cay, The Bahamas. D, paratype colony BAL208-1 at 1815 meters depth on Balanus Seamount, New England Seamount chain. E, paratype colony NWP107-1 at 1263 meters depth in the Northwest Providence Channel, SW of Great Abaco Is., The Bahamas; note second-order branching on the central vertical branch creating a second trident. F, colony BOO103-1 at 1302 meters depth south of Conception Is., The Bahamas. G, colony CAT107-1 at 1468 meters depth on the Bahama Escarpment, N. of Cat Is., The Bahamas. H, paratype colony MOL601-1 at 1652 meters depth in Molokai Canyon, Molokai Island, Hawaii. I, paratype colony P5-689-1 at 1751 meters depth on West Twin Bank, Northwestern Hawaiian Ridge.