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261 results for “belowground”
ABG01 Aboveground and belowground invertebrate biodiversity responses to patch-burn and annual burn grazing management at Konza Prairie (2021–2023)
This dataset contains aboveground invertebrate sampling and herbivory records from tallgrass prairie plots, documenting invertebrates and their chewing herbivory across multiple plots and transects in Patch Burn Grazing and Annual Burn Grazing Watersheds. It includes taxonomic identification to the family level, counts of individuals (by life stage: nymph or adult), percent herbivory on specified plant species, and collection metadata such as date, plot ID, watershed, and transect.
2009 LENS belowground biomass core results
2009 LENS Geotechnical and Biomass Results from 72 hand auger cores (50 cm depth) retrieved from LENS and TIDE project creeks (Sweeney, West, Clubhead, Nelson) in Rowley, MA. Thirty-six of these cores were processed for aboveground and belowground biomass (roots, rhizomes, detritus) . Results for belowground biomass presented here. Above ground biomass results are presented in file STP-LENS-2009-above-biomass. The remainder 36 of these cores were processed for bulk density and bulk organic content (from loss on Iinition, LOI) and results are presented in file STP-LENS-2009-geotechnical.
Fiddler crab impacts from observational study 2020-21: Aboveground & diatom biomass, plant height, percent N, burrow & mussel density, belowground biomass, and organic matter
The fiddler crab, Minuca pugnax, expanded its range into the Gulf of Maine recently and was first observed in the Plum Island Estuary in 2014. In 2020 and 2021, we investigated the impact of this burrowing crab on benthic microalgal biomass, sediment properties and the above- and belowground biomass of the cordgrass, Spartina alterniflora. To accomplish this, we conducted a control-impact study in plots with and without fiddler crabs in three marshes in the PIE-LTER: Sawyer, Clubhead, and Metcalf. In its historical range (i.e., south of Cape Cod), M. pugnax, enhances Spartina aboveground biomass. In contrast, we found that, on average, when fiddler crabs were present, aboveground biomass was 40% lower in the PIE-LTER. We also found that belowground biomass was 30% lower and benthic microalgal biomass was 45% lower when fiddler crabs were present, which is in line with our expectations. Because fiddler crabs reduced the biomass of foundational primary producers in its expanded range, our results imply that M. pugnax can influence other saltmarsh functions such as carbon storage and accretion as they expand north. More broadly, our results suggest that as species expand or shift their range with climate change, not only can they have profound impacts in their new ranges, but that those impacts can be the inverse of what is seen in their historical ranges.
Data from: Opposing responses of temporal stability of aboveground and belowground net primary productivity to water and nitrogen enrichment in a temperate grassland
<p><span>Changes in water and nitrogen availability, as important elements of global environmental change, are known to affect the temporal stability of aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP). However, evidences for their effects on the temporal stability of belowground net primary productivity (BNPP), and whether such effects are consistent between belowground and aboveground, are rather scarce. Here, we investigated the responses of temporal stability of both ANPP and BNPP to water and nitrogen addition based on a 9-year manipulative experiment in a temperate grassland in northern China. The results showed that the temporal stability of ANPP increased with water addition but decreased with nitrogen addition. By contrast, the temporal stability of BNPP decreased with water addition but increased with nitrogen enrichment. The temporal stability of ANPP was mainly determined by the soil moisture and inorganic nitrogen, which modulated species asynchrony, as well as by the stability of dominant species. On the other hand, the temporal stability of BNPP was mainly driven by the soil moisture and inorganic nitrogen that modulated ANPP of grasses, and by the direct effect of soil water availability. Our study provides the first evidence on the opposite responses of aboveground and belowground grassland temporal stability to increased water and nitrogen availability, highlighting the importance of considering both aboveground and belowground components of ecosystems for a more comprehensive understanding of their dynamics.</span></p>
Multiple dimensions of phylogenetic diversity are needed to explain the complex aboveground-belowground diversity relationships
<p>The complex relationship between aboveground and belowground diversity and whether they act as surrogates for one another remains unresolved. Increasing evidence suggests that investigating phylogenetic diversity could provide valuable insights into the interplay between plants and soil microbes, but the proliferation of phylogenetic diversity metrics has hindered comparative studies and the identification of general patterns. To overcome this challenge, we implemented a multi-dimensional framework that classifies phylogenetic diversity metrics into three dimensions: richness, divergence, and regularity, each of which captures different ecological aspects of species differences. Then we applied this framework to investigate the relationship between above and belowground diversity in a subtropical forest in Eastern China. We found that phylogenetic diversity of plant and soil microbes, including bacteria and fungi, were more strongly correlated at the richness and regularity dimension compared with divergence dimension. Further analyses revealed that these observed correlation patterns can be attributed to the influence of soil total phosphorus content, which is the limiting factor of plant and microbial phylogenetic diversity at richness and regularity dimensions. Together, our study demonstrated the necessity of using a multi-dimensional approach to advance our understanding of the complex relationships between plant and soil microbial biodiversity.</p>
Soil organic carbon loss decreases biodiversity but stimulates multitrophic interactions that promote belowground metabolism
<p>Soil organic carbon (SOC) plays an essential role in mediating community structure and metabolic activities of belowground biota. Unraveling the evolution of belowground communities and their feedback mechanisms on SOC dynamics helps embed the ecology of soil microbiome into carbon cycling, which serves to improve biodiversity conservation and carbon management strategy under global change. Here, croplands with a SOC gradient were used to understand how belowground metabolisms and SOC decomposition were linked to the diversity, composition, and co-occurrence networks of belowground communities encompassing archaea, bacteria, fungi, protists, and invertebrates. As SOC decreased, the diversity of prokaryotes and eukaryotes also decreased, but their network complexity showed contrasting patterns: prokaryotes increased due to intensified niche overlap, while that of eukaryotes decreased possibly because of greater dispersal limitation owing to the breakdown of macro aggregates. Despite the decrease in biodiversity and SOC stocks, the belowground metabolic capacity was enhanced as indicated by increased enzyme activity and decreased enzymatic stoichiometric imbalance. This could, in turn, expedite carbon loss through respiration, particularly in the slow-cycling pool. The enhanced belowground metabolic capacity was dominantly driven by greater multitrophic network complexity and particularly negative (competitive and predator-prey) associations, which fostered the stability of the belowground metacommunity. Interestingly, soil abiotic conditions including pH, aeration, and nutrient stocks, exhibited a less significant role. Overall, this study reveals a greater need for soil C resources across multitrophic levels to maintain metabolic functionality as declining SOC results in biodiversity loss. Our researchers highlight the importance of integrating belowground biological processes into models of SOC turnover, to improve agroecosystem functioning and carbon management in the face of intensifying anthropogenic land-use and climate change.</p>
Methane and Carbon Dioxide Production and Emission Pathways in the Belowground and Draining Water Bodies of a Tropical Peatland Plantation Forest
<p>This is the data repository for the second version (revised) of the manuscript "Methane and Carbon Dioxide Production and Emission Pathways in the Belowground and Draining Water Bodies of a Tropical Peatland Plantation Forest<strong>"</strong> submitted to Geophysical Research Letters on 10 January 2025.</p>
Data from: Drought and recovery effects on belowground respiration dynamics and the partitioning of recent carbon in managed and abandoned grassland
<p>The supply of soil respiration with recent photoassimilates is an important and fast pathway for respiratory loss of carbon (C). To date it is unknown how drought and land-use change interactively influence the dynamics of recent C in soil respired CO<sub>2</sub>. In an <em>in situ </em>common-garden experiment, we exposed soil-vegetation monoliths from a managed and a nearby abandoned mountain grassland to an experimental drought. Based on two <sup>13</sup>CO<sub>2</sub> pulse-labelling campaigns, we traced recently assimilated C in soil respiration during drought, rewetting and early recovery. Independent of grassland management, drought reduced the absolute allocation of recent C to soil respiration. Rewetting triggered a respiration pulse, which was strongly fueled by C assimilated during drought. In comparison to the managed grassland, the abandoned grassland partitioned more recent C to belowground respiration than to root C storage under ample water supply. Interestingly, this pattern was reversed under drought. We suggest that these different response patterns reflect strategies of the managed and the abandoned grassland to enhance their respective resilience to drought, by fostering their resistance and recovery, respectively. We conclude that while severe drought can override the effects of abandonment of grassland management on the respiratory dynamics of recent C, abandonment alters strategies of belowground assimilate investment, with consequences for soil-CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes during drought and drought-recovery.</p>
Data from: Phylogenomics of elongate-bodied Springtails reveals independent transitions from aboveground to belowground habitats in deep time
<p>Soil has become a major hotspot of biodiversity studies, yet the pattern and timing of the evolution of soil organisms are poorly known because of the scarcity of palaeontological data. To overcome this limitation, we conducted a genome-based macroevolutionary study of an ancient, diversified, and widespread lineage of soil fauna, the elongate-bodied springtails (class Collembola, order Entomobryomorpha). To build the first robust backbone phylogeny of this previously refractory group, we sampled representatives of major higher taxa (6 out of 8 families, 11 out of 16 subfamilies) of the order with an emphasis on the most problematic superfamily Tomoceroidea, applied whole-genome sequencing (WGS) methods, and compared the performance of different combinations of datasets (universal single-copy orthologues/USCO versus ultraconserved elements/UCE) and modelling schemes. The fossil-calibrated timetree was used to reconstruct the evolution of body size, sensory organs, and pigmentation to establish a time frame of the ecomorphological divergences. The resultant trees based on different analyses were congruent in most nodes. Several discordant nodes were carefully evaluated by considering method fitness, morphological information, and topology test. The evaluation favoured the well-resolved topology from analyses using USCO amino acid matrices and complex site-heterogeneous models (CAT+GTR and LG+PMSF (C60)). The preferred topology supports the monophyletic superfamily Tomoceroidea as an early-diverging lineage and a sister relationship between Entomobryoidea and Isotomoidea. The family Tomoceridae was recovered as monophyletic, while Oncopoduridae was recovered as paraphyletic, with <em>Harlomillsia</em> as a sister to Tomoceridae and hence deserving a separate family status as Harlomillsiidae Yu and Zhang <strong>fam. n.</strong> Ancestral Entomobryomorpha were reconstructed as surface-living, supporting independent origins of soil-living groups across the Palaeozoic–Mesozoic, and highlighting the ancient evolutionary interaction between aboveground and belowground fauna.</p>
Mechanisms of coexistence: Exploring species sorting and character displacement in woody plants to alleviate belowground competition
<p>Rarely do we observe competitive exclusion within plant communities, even though plants compete for a limited pool of resources. Thus, our understanding of the mechanisms sustaining plant biodiversity might be limited. In this study, we explore two common ecological strategies, species sorting and character displacement, that promote coexistence by reducing competition. We assess the degree to which woody plants may implement these two strategies to lower belowground competition for nutrients which occurs via nutritional (mostly mycorrhizal) mutualisms. First, we compile data on plant traits and the mycorrhizal association state of woody angiosperms using a global inventory of indigenous flora. Our analysis reveals that species in locations with high mycorrhizal diversity exhibit distinct mean values in leaf area and wood density based on their mycorrhizal type, indicating species sorting. Second, we reanalyze a large dataset on leaf area to demonstrate that in areas with high mycorrhizal diversity, trees maintain divergent leaf area values, showcasing character displacement. Character displacement among plants is considered rare, making our observation significant. In summary, our study uncovers a rare occurrence of character displacement and identifies a common mechanism employed by plants to alleviate competition, shedding light on the complexities of plant coexistence in diverse ecosystems.</p>
Fig. 5 in Seasonal variation of the crustacean fauna in the belowground and aboveground strata in a Halodule wrightii meadow of northeastern Brazil
Fig. 5. Similarity among samples from aboveground stratum of Halodule wrightii meadow on Goiabeiras Beach, city of Fortaleza, state of Ceará, northeastern Brazil; Legend: I) samples collected in predominantly dry months; II) samples collected in predominantly rainy months.
Fig. 2 in Seasonal variation of the crustacean fauna in the belowground and aboveground strata in a Halodule wrightii meadow of northeastern Brazil
Fig. 2. Abundance of crustacean fauna captured in belowground and aboveground strata of Halodule wrightii meadow on Goiabeiras Beach, city of Fortaleza, state of Ceará, northeastern Brazil.
Fig. 4 in Seasonal variation of the crustacean fauna in the belowground and aboveground strata in a Halodule wrightii meadow of northeastern Brazil
Fig. 4. Similarity among samples from belowground stratum of Halodule wrightii meadow on Goiabeiras Beach, city of Fortaleza, state of Ceará, northeastern Brazil; Legend: I) samples collected in predominantly dry months; II) samples collected in predominantly rainy months; III) samples collected in both climatic periods.
Fig. 1 in Seasonal variation of the crustacean fauna in the belowground and aboveground strata in a Halodule wrightii meadow of northeastern Brazil
Fig. 1. Location of study area. Goiabeiras Beach, city of Fortaleza, state of Ceará, northeastern Brazil.
Fig. 3 in Seasonal variation of the crustacean fauna in the belowground and aboveground strata in a Halodule wrightii meadow of northeastern Brazil
Fig. 3. Mean Shannon diversity and Pielou evenness indices of crustacean fauna associated with belowground and aboveground strata of Halodule wrightii meadow in dry and rainy seasons on Goiabeiras Beach, city of Fortaleza, state of Ceará, northeastern Brazil (a, indices for community associated with belowground stratum; b, indices for community associated with aboveground stratum).
Data and analyses for Perkowski et al. (2024) manuscript accepted to AoB Plants: "Symbiotic nitrogen fixation reduces belowground biomass carbon costs of nitrogen acquisition under low, but not high, nitrogen availability"
<p>This repository contains data and scripts for analyses and plots in Perkowski et al. (2024), titled "Symbiotic nitrogen fixation reduces belowground biomass carbon costs of nitrogen acquisition under low, but not high, nitrogen availability".</p> <p>v2.0 updates code and scripts per reviewer comments and is the final release prior to manuscript proofing.</p>
Data from: Tree diversity increases carbon stocks and fluxes above but not belowground in a tropical forest experiment
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Opposing responses of temporal stability of aboveground and belowground net primary productivity to water and nitrogen enrichment in a temperate grassland
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Phylogenomics of elongate-bodied Springtails reveals independent transitions from aboveground to belowground habitats in deep time
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Multiple dimensions of phylogenetic diversity are needed to explain the complex aboveground-belowground diversity relationships
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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