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109 results for “biodiversity patterns”
Data from: From hot to cold spots: Climate change will change diversity patterns of small mammals in a biodiversity hotspot
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Microevolutionary processes in a foundation tree inform macrosystem patterns of community biodiversity and structure
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Management scale drives bee and forb biodiversity patterns in suburban green spaces
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Seasonal shifts of biodiversity patterns and species’ elevation ranges of butterflies and moths along a complete rainforest elevational gradient on Mount Cameroon
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Supplementary material from: Alpine extremophytes in evolutionary turmoil: Complex diversification patterns and demographic responses of a Halophilic grass in a Central Asian biodiversity hotspot
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Data from: Surrogate taxa and fossils as reliable proxies of spatial biodiversity patterns in marine benthic communities
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Data from: Unravelling large-scale patterns and drivers of biodiversity in dry rivers
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Data from: Temporal patterns of diversification across global cichlid biodiversity (Acanthomorpha: Cichlidae)
The contrasting distribution of species diversity across the major lineages of cichlids makes them an ideal group for investigating macroevolutionary processes. In this study, we investigate whether different rates of diversification may explain the disparity in species richness across cichlid lineages globally. We present the most taxonomically robust time-calibrated hypothesis of cichlid evolutionary relationships to date. We then utilize this temporal framework to investigate whether both species-rich and depauperate lineages are associated with rapid shifts in diversification rates and if exceptional species richness can be explained by clade age alone. A single significant rapid rate shift increase is detected within the evolutionary history of the African subfamily Pseudocrenilabrinae, which includes the haplochromins of the East African Great Lakes. Several lineages from the subfamilies Pseudocrenilabrinae (Australotilapiini, Oreochromini) and Cichlinae (Heroini) exhibit exceptional species richness given their clade age, a net rate of diversification, and relative rates of extinction, indicating that clade age alone is not a sufficient explanation for their increased diversity. Our results indicate that the Neotropical Cichlinae includes lineages that have not experienced a significant rapid burst in diversification when compared to certain African lineages (rift lake). Neotropical cichlids have remained comparatively understudied with regard to macroevolutionary patterns relative to African lineages, and our results indicate that of Neotropical lineages, the tribe Heroini may have an elevated rate of diversification in contrast to other Neotropical cichlids. These findings provide insight into our understanding of the diversification patterns across taxonomically disparate lineages in this diverse clade of freshwater fishes and one of the most species-rich families of vertebrates.
Data from: Identifying patterns and drivers of coral diversity in the Central Indo-Pacific marine biodiversity hotspot
Biodiversity hotspots are increasingly recognized as areas of high taxonomic and functional diversity. These hotspots are dynamic and shift geographically over time in response to environmental change. To identify drivers of the origin, evolution, and persistence of diversity hotspots, we investigated the diversity patterns of reef-building corals (Scleractinia) in the Central Indo-Pacific, a marine biodiversity hotspot for the last 25 Myr. We used the scleractinian fossil record (based on literature and a newly acquired fossil collection) to examine the taxonomic and functional diversity of corals from the Eocene to Pliocene. Our data identify potential drivers of coral diversity through time (and space) in the Central Indo-Pacific by constraining the timing of taxonomic turnover events and correlating them with known environmental changes. Increases in taxonomic diversity, high origination rates, and changes in abundance of functional character states indicate that the origin of the Central Indo-Pacific hotspot occurred during the Oligocene, initially through proliferation of pre-existing taxa and then by origination of new taxa. In contrast to taxonomic diversity, overall functional diversity of Central Indo-Pacific reef-building corals remained constant from the Eocene to the Pliocene. Our results identify global sea level as a main driver of diversity increase that, together with local tectonics, regulates availability of suitable habitats. Moreover, marine biodiversity hotspots develop from both the accumulation of taxa from older biodiversity hotspots and origination of new taxa. Our study demonstrates the utility of a combined literature-based and new collection approach for gaining new insights into the timing, drivers, and development of tropical biodiversity hotspots.
Data from: A meta-analysis reveals global patterns of sediment effects on marine biodiversity
Sediment disturbances are important threats affecting marine biodiversity, but the variety of biological responses have not yet been synthesized. Here, we collate all available information to compare the extent of impacts across different taxonomic groups, habitat types, and pathways of impact (light attenuation, suspended sediment and sedimentation). Global 1979-2017 Coral, fish, seagrass, sponge, macroalgae, ascidian, bryozoan, crustacean, echinoderm, mollusc, polychaeta We used meta-analyses to evaluate the effects of sediments across 842 observations found in 110 publications. We also evaluated some of the biological and methodological factors that could explain the variable effects observed in different studies. We found a significant negative effect of sediments on behavioural responses, reproduction and recruitment, organism's morphology, physiology, community abundance and diversity, and species interactions. In contrast, the overall effect on abundance of individual species was statistically non-significant and there was a strong positive effect on abundance for sponge and polychaete species. Many individual studies described physiological effects on coral reefs, but effects on diversity of soft-bottom and coral reef communities were particularly detrimental. Phototrophic species were generally more negatively impacted by sediments than heterotrophs, driven by strong physiological responses in crustose coralline algae and seagrass. Additionally, species with limited mobility were more vulnerable to sediment disturbances than highly mobile species. Sedimentation alone triggered more consistently negative effects on most biological responses than light depletion and suspended sediments. We found evidence for increased impacts on community diversity when more than one pathway of impact was present, indicating that these disturbances can disrupt whole ecosystems. Our meta-analysis for the first time provided strong quantitative support of negative effects of sediments on marine biodiversity. Taxonomic groups, habitat types, and life history characteristics were most influential in determining biological responses to sediment disturbances, highlighting the importance of an ecosystem-based approach when fully accounting for the impacts of sediment
Data from: Influence of the geography of speciation on current patterns of coral reef fish biodiversity across the Indo-Pacific
The role of speciation processes in shaping current biodiversity patterns represents a major scientific question for ecologists and biogeographers. Hence, numerous methods have been developed to determine the geography of speciation based on co-occurrence between sister-species. Most of these methods rely on the correlation between divergence time and several metrics based on the geographic ranges of sister-taxa (i.e. overlap, asymmetry). The relationship between divergence time and these metrics has scarcely been examined in a spatial context beyond regression curves. Mapping this relationship across spatial grids, however, may unravel how speciation processes have shaped current biodiversity patterns through space and time. This can be particularly relevant for coral reef fishes of the Indo-Pacific since the origin of the exceptional concentration of biodiversity in the Indo-Australian Archipelago (IAA) has been actively debated, with several alternative hypotheses involving species diversification and dispersal. We reconstructed the phylogenetic relationships between three species-rich families of coral reef fish (Chaetodontidae, Labridae, Pomacentridae) and calculated co-occurrence metrics between closely related lineages of those families. We demonstrated that repeated biogeographic processes can be identified in present-day species distribution by projecting co-occurrence metrics between related lineages in a geographical context. Our study also evidence that sister-species do not co-occur randomly across the Indo-Pacific, but tend to overlap their range within the IAA. We identified the imprint of two important biogeographic processes that caused this pattern in 48% of the sister-taxa considered: speciation events within the IAA and repeated divergence between the Indian and Pacific Ocean, with subsequent secondary contact in the IAA.
FIGURE 5 in Biodiversity patterns of cavernicolous ground-beetles and their conservation status in the Azores, with the description of a new species: Trechus isabelae n. sp. (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechinae)
FIGURE 5. Mean activity-density (+ s.e.) of Trechus terceiranus Machado (Coleoptera, Carabidae) in Algar do Carvão (Terceira island) between 2001 and 2006 (until September). Activity-density was measured as the number of specimens per trap per sampling night.
FIGURE 2 in Biodiversity patterns of cavernicolous ground-beetles and their conservation status in the Azores, with the description of a new species: Trechus isabelae n. sp. (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechinae)
FIGURE 2. Aedeagus of Trechus isabelae n. sp. a) median lobe, lateral view; b) left and right parameres c) median lobe, dorsal view. Scale: 0.5 mm.
FIGURE 3 in Biodiversity patterns of cavernicolous ground-beetles and their conservation status in the Azores, with the description of a new species: Trechus isabelae n. sp. (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechinae)
FIGURE 3. Location in the island of São Jorge (digital map of João Tavares adapted from Pereira et al. in press) and general aspect of Trechus isabelae n. sp. (Photo P.A.V. Borges).
FIGURE 6 in Biodiversity patterns of cavernicolous ground-beetles and their conservation status in the Azores, with the description of a new species: Trechus isabelae n. sp. (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechinae)
FIGURE 6. Relationship between the logarithm of the mean abundance +1 and the logarithm of distribution for the 10 Azorean species of Trechinae. The species within the quadrate are the most restricted and less abundant. The species marked with an open square is Trechus terrabravensis (see text for more details); 1—Thalassophilus azoricus, 2—Trechus torretassoi, 3—Trechus jorgensis, 4—Trechus pereirai, 5—Trechus isabelae, 6—Trechus montanheirorum, 7—Trechus oromii, 8—Trechus terrabravensis, 9—Trechus picoensis, 10—Trechus terceiranus.
FIGURE 13 in Biodiversity " hotspots ", patterns of richness and endemism, and distribution of marine sponges in South Africa based on actual and interpolation data: A comparative approach
FIGURE 13. Dendogram based on Bray-Curtis similarity for the South African sponge fauna of 35 coastal sections based on the predicted dataset.
FIGURE 7 in Biodiversity " hotspots ", patterns of richness and endemism, and distribution of marine sponges in South Africa based on actual and interpolation data: A comparative approach
FIGURE 7. Comparison between regional species diversity (total number of species collected in each region = predicted data; = actual data), endemism (number of unique species in each region) and effort with regions arbitrary sorted on increasing species diversity.
FIGURE 14 in Biodiversity " hotspots ", patterns of richness and endemism, and distribution of marine sponges in South Africa based on actual and interpolation data: A comparative approach
FIGURE 14. Two-dimensional ordination plot based on the predictive species composition of the 35 coastal sections.
FIGURE 4 in Biodiversity " hotspots ", patterns of richness and endemism, and distribution of marine sponges in South Africa based on actual and interpolation data: A comparative approach
FIGURE 4. Species accumulation curve for the coastal sections around South Africa as delineated in Fig. 1.
FIGURE 10 in Biodiversity " hotspots ", patterns of richness and endemism, and distribution of marine sponges in South Africa based on actual and interpolation data: A comparative approach
FIGURE 10. Comparison between regional species diversity patterns of total number of species collected (actual) in each region vs. predictive species pattern in each region (results of ANOVA between the two datasets for species diversity is p=0.01). The results indicated that there was a significant difference between the two datasets (P <0.05) for species richness, and therefore indicate that the true species patterns are what are reflected by the interpolated (or predicted) dataset.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.