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Fig. 2 in Insemination by a kiss? Interactive 3D-microanatomy, biology and systematics of the mesopsammic cephalaspidean sea slug Pluscula cuica Marcus, 1953 from Brazil (Gastropoda: Euopisthobranchia: Philinoglossidae)

Fig. 2 Schematic dorsal view of the central nervous system (CNS) and nerves, anterior at top. Roughly to scale except for length of pleuroparietal connectives. bg buccal ganglion, bcm buccal commissure, cbc cerebro-buccal connective, ccm cerebral commissure, cpg cerebropleural ganglion, ln labiotentacular nerve, lng accessory labial nerve ganglion, lpag left parietal ganglion, ncc nervus clypei-capitis, osg osphradial ganglion, orn oral nerve, pcm pedal commissure, pg pedal ganglion, rhga anterior accessory rhinophoral ganglion, rhgp posterior accessory rhinophoral ganglion, rhn rhinophoral nerve, rpag+supg combined supraintestinal and right parietal ganglion, sc statocyst, subg+vg combined subintestinal and visceral ganglion, vn visceral nerve, asterisk large 'blister' cell next to statocyst

Fig. 1 a–g in Insemination by a kiss? Interactive 3D-microanatomy, biology and systematics of the mesopsammic cephalaspidean sea slug Pluscula cuica Marcus, 1953 from Brazil (Gastropoda: Euopisthobranchia: Philinoglossidae)

Fig. 1 a–g Three-dimensional reconstructions of Pluscula cuica miR croanatomy. a External aspect of body showing body openings, right view. a' Dorsal view of body with the dorsum above body cavity and head shown transparent, showing inner organ systems, arrowheads short nerves innervating Hancock's organs, asterisk anterior end of seminal groove. b Live specimen, ca. 2 mm total length, dorsal view. c Anterior left view of the central nervous system, pedal nerves omitted, double asterisk: large cell next to statocyst, d Posterior part of reproductive system, dorsolateral right view, white asterisk branching point of gonoduct to female glands and ampulla. e Copulatory apparatus, ventral view, anterior towards left. f Oblique right view of digestive system, salivary glands omitted, double white asterisks positions of salivary duct openings and small glandular field inside pharyngeal lumen. g Oblique dorsolateral right view of pericardial complex and surrounding organs. am ampulla, an anus, ao aorta, au auricle, bc bursa copulatrix, bcm buccal commissure, bg buccal ganglion, bs bursa stalk, cbc cerebro-buccal commissure, ccm cerebral commissure, cns central nervous system, cpg cerebropleural ganglion, cop copulatory apparatus, cr putative crop, dg digestive gland, dgl lumen of digestive gland, eg egg, es esophagus, fg1–fg4 nidamental glands (proximal to distal), fgl lumen of nidamental glands, gd gonoduct, gof female genital opening, gom male genital opening, ho Hancock's organs, it intestine, kd kidney, ln labiotentacular nerve, lng accessory labiotentacular ganglia, lpag left parietal ganglion, mo mouth opening, mu muscular tube, ncc nervus clypei-capitis, np nephropore, oc oocyte, of ovarial follicles, ogl oral glands, om odontophore musculature, orn oral nerve, osg osphradial ganglion, osp osphradium, ot oral tube, pc pericardium, pe penis, pg pedal ganglion, ph pharynx, pr prostate, r distal part of radula, r' origin of radula, rhga/rhgp anterior/posterior accessory rhinophoral ganglion, rhn rhinophoral nerve, rpd renopericardial duct, sg seminal groove, sgl salivary gland, shd shell dimple, shr shell remnant, st statocyst, subg+vg combined subintestinal and visceral ganglion, supg +rpag combined supraintestinal and right parietal ganglion, ve ventricle, vn visceral nerve, ygd duct of yellow gland, ygl yellow gland, ygp opening of yellow gland. Bars a, a', d, f 250 μm; c, e, g 100 μm. Interactive version of this figure is available in the supplementary online material.

Fig. 5 a–f in Insemination by a kiss? Interactive 3D-microanatomy, biology and systematics of the mesopsammic cephalaspidean sea slug Pluscula cuica Marcus, 1953 from Brazil (Gastropoda: Euopisthobranchia: Philinoglossidae)

Fig. 5 a–f Semithin histological cross-sections of posterior body half. Dorsal side at top. a Overview at level of nidamental glands. b Detail of nidamental glands with interjected sperm package. c Ovarial follicles. e Most distal gonoduct and osphradium. f Yellow gland. g Caudal dorsal depression with shell 'remnant', in- sert: complete cross-section. am Ampulla, an anus, au auricle, bc bursa copulatrix, bs bursa stalk, dg digestive gland, dgl digestive gland lumen, eg egg, fg1 albumen gland, fg2 membrane gland, fg3 short limb of mucus gland, fg4 large limb of mucus gland, fgl female gland lumen, ft foot, gd gonoduct, it intestine, oc oocyte, of ovarial follicle, osp osphradium, pc pericardium, shd shell 'dimple', shr shell 'remnant', sg seminal groove, sp interjected sperm package, ve ventricle, ygd duct of yellow gland. Bars a, c 100 μm; b, d, g 50 μm; e, f 25 μm

Fig. 4 a–g in Insemination by a kiss? Interactive 3D-microanatomy, biology and systematics of the mesopsammic cephalaspidean sea slug Pluscula cuica Marcus, 1953 from Brazil (Gastropoda: Euopisthobranchia: Philinoglossidae)

Fig. 4 a–g Semithin histological cross-sections of anterior body half. dorsum, egl different types of epidermal glands, ft foot, gom male Dorsal side at top, in e: at right. a Level of mouth opening, showing genital opening, ho Hancock's organ, it intestine, ln labiotentacular lateral grooves. b Anterior part of CNS and copulatory organ. c Section nerve, lng accessory labiotentacular ganglion, mu strong muscular of CNS and copulatory organ posterior to b. d Detail of right Hanlining / muscular tube of copulatory organ, ogl oral gland, ot oral tube, cock's organ and its innervation. e Pharynx with muscular odontophore pe penis, ph pharynx, pn pedal nerves, pr prostate, rhga anterior and spread radula; asterisk patch of glandular cells. f Detail of pedal accessory rhinophoral ganglion, rhgp posterior accessory rhinophoral ganglion with statocyst and 'blister' cell (double asterisk). g Trunk-like ganglion, rhn rhinophoral nerve, sc statocyst, sgl salivary gland, vlg anterior end of intestine inside digestive gland lumen. bv blood vessel, visceral loop ganglia (sectioned at margins). Bars a 100 μm; b–e, g cbc cerebro-buccal connective, ccm cerebral commissure, cpg cerebro50 μm; f 25 μm pleuraganglion, dg digestive gland, dgl lumen of digestive gland, do

publicMar 2018View details →

Data from: Landscape-scale interactions of spatial and temporal cropland heterogeneity drive biological control of cereal aphids

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publicOct 2019View details →

The spatial analysis of biological interactions: morphological variation responding to the co-occurrence of competitors and resources

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publicAug 2019View details →

Data from: Additive and interactive effects of pollination and biological pest control on crop yield

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publicDec 2018View details →

Data from: Biological interactions mediate context and species-specific sensitivities to salinity

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dryad28/100

Data from: The value of the species interaction-abiotic stress hypothesis (SIASH) for invasion biology: using native latitude to explain non-native latitudinal range sizes

<p>Establishment and spread of introduced species are difficult to predict because they are subject to a myriad of factors. A hypothesis which integrates multiple ecological processes, such as the species interaction-abiotic stress hypothesis (SIASH), may improve our ability to predict introduction success (i.e. establishment and spread). SIASH postulates that, along an environmental gradient, species' range limits are set by abiotic stress at the environmentally harsh end of that gradient and by species interactions at the environmentally benign end of the gradient. Given that species richness increases nearer the equator and that climate becomes harsher (colder) nearer the poles, latitude represents a useful gradient with which to test simple predictions of SIASH. In order to test whether non-native ranges conform to the predictions of SIASH, we evaluated non-native latitudinal range size data for 195 cross-continental, naturalized introductions of 140 animal and plant species. Median latitude of native range was positively related to range size in the introduced zone, such that species native to high latitudes occupied larger introduced ranges than species native to low latitudes. Furthermore, temperate native species occupied larger latitudinal ranges when introduced to tropical and subtropical zones than did tropical native species introduced to temperate zones. Our results suggest that where a species originates is as important as where it is introduced for predicting introduction success. Abiotic stress from cold more strongly constrains the range extents of introduced species than species interactions, which is particularly pronounced for species originating from tropical regions. Future work should determine how species interactions and abiotic stress jointly explain other components of non-native species' success across different spatial gradients to better integrate SIASH into invasion biology.</p>

opencc-zeroNov 2020View details →

Figure 4 from: Heger T, Zarrieß S, Algergawy A, Jeschke JM, König-Ries B (2022) INAS: Interactive Argumentation Support for the Scientific Domain of Invasion Biology. Research Ideas and Outcomes 8: e80457. https://doi.org/10.3897/rio.8.e80457

Figure 4 Work plan with full-time tasks (dark colour) and half-time tasks (light color) for the PI Heger (red), the PhD (blue) and student assistants (gray).

Figure 3 from: Heger T, Zarrieß S, Algergawy A, Jeschke JM, König-Ries B (2022) INAS: Interactive Argumentation Support for the Scientific Domain of Invasion Biology. Research Ideas and Outcomes 8: e80457. https://doi.org/10.3897/rio.8.e80457

Figure 3 Interactive hypothesis development, based on a semantic model of hypotheses in the invasion biology domain (left) and a made-up example of a short interaction with an information-state-based dialogue system that iteratively refines a hypothesis introducing domain-specific terms in collaboration with the user (right, resolved questions appear in grey, questions under discussion in yellow).

Figure 5 from: Heger T, Zarrieß S, Algergawy A, Jeschke JM, König-Ries B (2022) INAS: Interactive Argumentation Support for the Scientific Domain of Invasion Biology. Research Ideas and Outcomes 8: e80457. https://doi.org/10.3897/rio.8.e80457

Figure 5 Refining hypotheses as nested chains; data symbols indicate that this part of the chain has been tested with data for the South-African Ragwort; red crosses symbolize that this part of the chain has not been tested yet for this specific species.

Figure 1 from: Heger T, Zarrieß S, Algergawy A, Jeschke JM, König-Ries B (2022) INAS: Interactive Argumentation Support for the Scientific Domain of Invasion Biology. Research Ideas and Outcomes 8: e80457. https://doi.org/10.3897/rio.8.e80457

Figure 1 Screenshot of the website hiknowledge.org, showing a network of twelve major hypotheses on potential causes of biological invasions. The insert shows the hierarchy of hypotheses (HoH) for the disturbance hypothesis which can be retrieved by clicking on the respective dot in the network, with information on the numbers of studies supporting (green), questioning (red) or being undecided (grey) about the respective (sub)-hypotheses.

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2024View details →

Figure 2 in Interaction between biological aspects of Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) and some chemical composition in two colored Acalypha wilkesiana Müll. Arg. (Malpighiales: Euphorbiaceae) leaves

Figure 2. Graph of Pearson's correlation analysis among the different studied leaf parameters including the chemical analysis of Acalypha leaves and the T. urticae male characteristics. The colors represent variations in the obtained data. * indicates the significant at P-value <0.05.

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2021View details →

Figures 1-3 in Cocoon morphology of Bicyrtes variegatus (Oliver, 1789) (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae), with notes on habitat and biological interactions

Figures 1-3. Cocoon structure of Bicyrtes variegatus (Oliver). 1. Cocoon with the mature larva inside. 2. external view, white arrows pointing the pores. 3. Broken cocoon showing the internal surface, white arrows pointing the internal domes of the pores. / Estructura del capullo de Bicyrtes variegatus (Oliver). 1. Capullo con la larva madura en su interior. 2. Vista externa, flechas blancas señalan los poros. 3. Capullo roto mostrando la superficie interna, fechas blancas señalan las cúpulas internas de los poros.