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182 results for “boldness”
Shell colouration is associated with sex, boldness, and innate immunity in wild adult eastern box turtles (Terrapene carolina carolina)
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Fitness, risk taking, and spatial behavior covary with boldness in experimental vole populations
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Personality affects female mate choice: frogs displaying more consistent bold behaviors are choosier
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Boldness suppresses hoarding behavior in food hoarding season and reduces over-wintering survival in a social rodent
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Data from: Sex, body size, and boldness shape the seasonal foraging habitat selection in southern elephant seals
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Beyond bold versus shy: Zebrafish exploratory behavior falls into several behavioral clusters and is influenced by strain and sex
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Data from: Human-induced reductions in fish predator boldness decrease their predation rates on prey in kelp forests
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Associations of genetic polymorphisms with boldness, stress response, and route efficiency in homing pigeons (<em>Columba livia</em>)
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Prey availability influences the effect of boldness on reproductive success in a mammalian predator
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Multigenerational exposure to increased temperature reduces metabolic rate but increases boldness in Gambusia affinis
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standard with together) corner left bottom (analysis genetic the in included species among bold gene in shown oxidase-I are SE cytochrome and species the within at) % (divergence divergence sequence average The . pairwise) corner showing right upper (Matrix) %;. SE 4 ABLE (T error in Description of a new species of the Rhinolophus trifoliatus-group (Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae) from Southeast Asia
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Parasite infestation influences life-history but not boldness behavior in placental live-bearing fish
<p>Parasites can negatively affect the reproductive success of hosts. Placental species may be particularly susceptible, because parasite-induced stress during pregnancy could potentially influence embryo development. Here we examine the consequences of a trematode infestation (black spot disease, BSD) for fetal development and adult behavior in 19 natural populations of the placental live-bearing fish species <i>Poeciliopsis retropinna </i>(Poeciliidae)<i> </i>in Costa Rica. First, we observed substantial variation in parasite infestation among populations which correlated with a number of local environmental conditions (elevation, river width, depth, and flow velocity). Furthermore, we observed substantial variation in parasite infestation among females within populations associated with maternal age and size. We found that the infestation rate significantly influenced embryonic development, with more heavily parasitized females producing smaller and worse-conditioned offspring at birth, possibly because a costly immune response during pregnancy limits, either directly or indirectly, nourishment to developing embryos. Finally, a behavioral experiment in the field showed that the infestation rate did not affect an individual's boldness. Our study indicates that in placental live-bearing fish parasite infestation leads to reduced embryo provisioning during pregnancy, resulting in a smaller offspring size and quality at birth potentially with negative implications for offspring fitness.</p>
Data from: Decreased vigilance or habituation to humans? Mechanisms on increased boldness in urban animals
Increased boldness is one of the most prevalent behavioral modifications seen in urban animals, and is thought to be a coping response to anthropogenic environmental alterations. Most previous studies have shown enhanced boldness manifested as changes in responses to humans approaching, such as reductions in flight initiation distance (FID). However, this includes two confounding factors related to "boldness", i.e., reduction of vigilance and habituation to humans. Confounding these totally different processes could lead to our misunderstanding of urban adaptation and how to properly manage urban wildlife. Here, we propose a simple framework to separate the two processes using two flight distance measures toward different approaching threats. We considered that the distance at which targeted individuals noticed an approaching object (i.e., alert distance, AD) was related to vigilance, whereas FID represented risk assessment, which is related to habituation. We applied a predictive framework using AD and FID to Eurasian red squirrels' responses to multiple threats of different risk levels (i.e., humans, model predators, and novel objects). AD was shorter in urban individauls compared to rural ones but not different among the approaching objects. FID was shorter in urban individauls and also varied among the objects with the shortest FID toward humans, whereas rural individuals showed similar FID to the different objects. These results suggest that while urban individuals showed reduced vigilance they could still assess different risk levels. Our framework can easily be applied to many animals and could significantly improve our understanding of wild animals' adaptations to urban environments.
Data from: Dominance rank and boldness predict social attraction in great tits
Social relationships can have important fitness consequences, and how well an individual is socially connected often correlates with other behavioral traits. Whether such correlations are caused by underlying individual differences in social attraction usually remains unclear, because to identify effects of individual traits on social attraction, it is essential to experimentally exclude the influence of the social partner. Using standardized high-definition video playback on captive great tits (Parus major), we effectively demonstrate the influence of individual traits on the motivation to be near a conspecific. We show that social attraction varied contrastingly with boldness and stimulus novelty. Shyer birds tended to show stronger social attraction when they were confronted with the stimulus bird for the first time. Lower ranked birds showed the overall strongest social attraction. This rank effect remained after experimentally changing dominance ranks by altering group compositions. Moreover, preference for social association tended to increase with a decrease in dominance rank, suggesting that birds plastically change their social preference in relation to their within-group dominance status. Our results provide insight into how social relations can form and change, processes that are key for understanding the long-term consequences of the social environment, and the role individuals might play in influencing this environment themselves.
Data from: Express yourself: bold individuals induce enhanced morphological defences
Organisms display an impressive array of defence strategies in nature. Inducible defences (changes in morphology and/or behaviour within a prey's lifetime) allow prey to decrease vulnerability to predators and avoid unnecessary costs of expression. Many studies report considerable interindividual variation in the degree to which inducible defences are expressed, yet what underlies this variation is poorly understood. Here, we show that individuals differing in a key personality trait also differ in the magnitude of morphological defence expression. Crucian carp showing risky behaviours (bold individuals) expressed a significantly greater morphological defence response when exposed to a natural enemy when compared with shy individuals. Furthermore, we show that fish of different personality types differ in their behavioural plasticity, with shy fish exhibiting greater absolute plasticity than bold fish. Our data suggest that individuals with bold personalities may be able to compensate for their risk-prone behavioural type by expressing enhanced morphological defences.
FIGURE 7 in A remarkable new species of Callulina (Amphibia: Anura: Brevicipitidae) with massive, boldly coloured limb glands
FIGURE 7. Similarity in enlarged limb glands in Callulina meteora sp. nov. (above) and Nectophrynoides viviparus (below).
FIGURE 2 in A remarkable new species of Callulina (Amphibia: Anura: Brevicipitidae) with massive, boldly coloured limb glands
FIGURE 2. Callulina meteora sp. nov. in life from the type locality, showing some of the species variability.
FIGURE 1 in A remarkable new species of Callulina (Amphibia: Anura: Brevicipitidae) with massive, boldly coloured limb glands
FIGURE 1. Dorsal, ventral and lateral views of the female holotype (BMNH 2008.450) of Callulina meteora sp. nov.
FIGURE 6 in A remarkable new species of Callulina (Amphibia: Anura: Brevicipitidae) with massive, boldly coloured limb glands
FIGURE 6. Map of the Eastern Arc Mountains of Tanzania showing the distribution of the species in the genus Callulina and distribution of C. meteora sp. nov. (red outlined shaded area) in the Nguru Mountains.
FIGURE 5 in A remarkable new species of Callulina (Amphibia: Anura: Brevicipitidae) with massive, boldly coloured limb glands
FIGURE 5. Phylogenetic tree of all nominal species of Callulina, using a) Maximum likelihood, with bootstrap results given above and symbols below show the results of Kishino–Hasegawa tests of differences in log likelihoods between optimal and the best suboptimal trees obtained from converse topological constraints. Presence (+) or lack (-) of support at the p ≤ 0.05 level, b) Maximum Parsimony, numbers above branches are bootstrap proportions, numbers below internal branches are decay indices. The symbols following the decay index values show the results of Templeton tests of differences in length between the MPTs and the best suboptimal trees obtained from converse topological constraints. Presence (+) or lack (-) of support at the p ≤ 0.05 level.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
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