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74 results for “brain morphology”
Figure 14 in Enigmatic affinity in the brain morphology between plotopterids and penguins, with a comprehensive comparison among water birds
Figure 14. The three-dimensional brain landmarks used for shape analysis as shown for the dorsal (upper) and lateral (lower) views of the Spheniscus humboldti brain (description in Table 2).
Whole human-brain mapping of single cortical neurons for profiling morphological diversity and stereotypy
<p>Quantifying neuron morphology and distribution at the whole brain scale is essential to understand the structure and diversity of cell types. It is exceedingly challenging to reuse recent technologies of single cell labeling and whole brain imaging to study human brains. We propose Adaptive Cell Tomography (ACTomography), a low-cost, high-throughput, high-efficacy tomography approach, based on adaptive targeting of individual cells. We established a platform to inject dyes into cortical neurons in surgical tissues of 18 patients with brain tumors or other conditions and 1 donated fresh postmortem brain. We collected 3-D images of 1746 cortical neurons, of which 852 neurons were reconstructed to quantify local dendritic morphology, and mapped to standard atlases. In our data, human neurons are more diverse across brain regions than by subject age or gender. The strong stereotypy within cohorts of brain regions allows generating a statistical tensor-field of neuron morphology to characterize anatomical modularity of a human brain.</p>
The Influence of in Utero Cannabis Exposure on Neonatal Brain Morphology and Structural Connectivity
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03718520. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Cannabis Effects on Brain Morphology in Aging
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01874886. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Genetic Liability in the Brain Morphology of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00161161. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 2.
Morphological Changes of the Brain by MRI in Chronic Kidney Disease
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02827253. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 2.
Effect of Functional Genetic Polymorphisms on Brain Morphology and Function
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01035723. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 3.
Whole human-brain mapping of single cortical neurons for profiling morphological diversity and stereotypy
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Data from: A new method for reconstructing brain morphology: applying the brain-neurocranial spatial relationship in an extant lungfish to a fossil endocast
Lungfish first appeared in the geological record over 410 million years ago and are the closest living group of fish to the tetrapods. Palaeoneurological investigations into the group show that unlike numerous other fishes—but more similar to those in tetrapods—lungfish appear to have had a close fit between the brain and the cranial cavity that housed it. As such, researchers can use the endocast of fossil taxa (an internal cast of the cranial cavity) both as a source of morphological data but also to aid in developing functional and phylogenetic implications about the group. Using fossil endocast data from a three-dimensional-preserved Late Devonian lungfish from the Gogo Formation, Rhinodipterus, and the brain-neurocranial relationship in the extant Australian lungfish, Neoceratodus, we herein present the first virtually reconstructed brain of a fossil lungfish. Computed tomographic data and a newly developed 'brain-warping' method are used in conjunction with our own distance map software tool to both analyse and present the data. The brain reconstruction is adequate, but we envisage that its accuracy and wider application in other taxonomic groups will grow with increasing availability of tomographic datasets.
Figure 13 in Enigmatic affinity in the brain morphology between plotopterids and penguins, with a comprehensive comparison among water birds
Figure 13. Scattergram of log-transformed brain volume vs. body mass of extant water birds.
Primary data on skull and brain morphology for: Geographical patterns in seasonal changes of body mass, skull, and brain size of common shrews
<p class="Standard">Some small mammals exhibit Dehnel's Phenomenon, a drastic decrease in body mass, braincase and brain size from summer to winter, followed by regrowth in spring. This is accompanied by a reorganization of the brain and changes in other organs. The evolutionary link between these changes and seasonality remains unclear, although the intensity of change varies between locations as the phenomenon is thought to lead to energy savings during winter.</p> <p class="Standard">Here we explored geographic variation of the intensity of Dehnel's Phenomenon in <i>Sorex araneus.</i> We compiled literature on seasonal changes in braincase size, brain and body mass, supplemented by our own data from Poland, Germany, and the Czech Republic.</p> <p class="Standard">We analysed the effect of geographic and climate variables on the intensity of change and patterns of brain reorganization.</p> <p class="Standard">From summer to winter the braincase height decreased by 13%, followed by 10% regrowth in spring.</p> <p class="Standard">For body mass the changes were -21%/+82%, respectively. Changes increased towards northeast. Several climate variables were correlated with these transformations, confirming a link of the intensity of the changes with environmental conditions. This relationship differed for the decrease vs. regrowth, suggesting that they may have evolved under different selective pressures.</p> <p class="Standard">We found no geographic trends explaining variability in the brain mass changes although they were similar (-21%/+10%) to those of the braincase size. Underlying patterns of change in brain organisation in north-eastern Poland were almost identical to the pattern observed in southern Germany. This indicates that local habitat characteristics may play a more important role in determining brain structure than broad scale geographic conditions.</p> <p>We discuss the techniques and criteria used for studying this phenomenon, as well as its potential presence in other taxa and the importance of distinguishing it from other kinds of seasonal variation.</p>
Supplementary material 1 from: Madan C (2016) Improved understanding of brain morphology through 3D printing: A brief guide. Research Ideas and Outcomes 2: e10266. https://doi.org/10.3897/rio.2.e10266
Surface meshes (.ply) from FreeSurfer subject 'bert'.
Supplementary material 1 from: Madan C (2016) Improved understanding of brain morphology through 3D printing: A brief guide. Research Ideas and Outcomes 2: e10398. https://doi.org/10.3897/rio.2.e10398
Surface meshes (.ply) from FreeSurfer subject 'bert'.
Figure 1 from: Madan C (2016) Improved understanding of brain morphology through 3D printing: A brief guide. Research Ideas and Outcomes 2: e10398. https://doi.org/10.3897/rio.2.e10398
Figure 1 - Illustration of the processing pipeline involved in converting a structural MRI volume to a print-ready surface mesh.
Figure 2 from: Madan C (2016) Improved understanding of brain morphology through 3D printing: A brief guide. Research Ideas and Outcomes 2: e10398. https://doi.org/10.3897/rio.2.e10398
Figure 2 - Photos of a resulting 3D-printed surface. (A) View of the full models. (B) Close-up of the coronal cross-section. (C) Close-up of the lateral surface. (D) Photo of the Machina Mk2 X20 printers used to print the models, located at the University of Alberta Libraries.
Figure 2 from: Madan C (2016) Improved understanding of brain morphology through 3D printing: A brief guide. Research Ideas and Outcomes 2: e10266. https://doi.org/10.3897/rio.2.e10266
Figure 2 - Photos of a resulting 3D-printed surface. (A) View of the full models. (B) Close-up of the coronal cross-section. (C) Close-up of the lateral surface. (D) Photo of the Machina Mk2 X20 printers used to print the models, located at the University of Alberta Libraries.
Figure 1 from: Madan C (2016) Improved understanding of brain morphology through 3D printing: A brief guide. Research Ideas and Outcomes 2: e10266. https://doi.org/10.3897/rio.2.e10266
Figure 1 - Illustration of the processing pipeline involved in converting a structural MRI volume to a print-ready surface mesh.
Data from: Plastic changes in brain morphology in relation to learning and environmental enrichment in the guppy (Poecilia reticulata)
Despite the common assumption that the brain is mainly malleable to surrounding conditions during ontogeny, plastic neural changes can occur also in adulthood. One of the driving forces responsible for alterations in brain morphology is increasing environmental complexity that may demand for enhanced cognitive abilities (e.g. attention, memory and learning). However, studies looking at the relationship between brain morphology and learning are scarce. Here, we tested the effects of both learning and environmental enrichment on neural plasticity in guppies (Poecilia reticulata), by means of either a reversal-learning test or a spatial-learning test. Given considerable evidence supporting environmentally-induced plastic alterations, two separate control groups that were not subjected to any cognitive test were included to account for potential changes induced by the experimental setup alone. We did not find any effect of learning on any of our brain measurements. However, we found strong evidence for an environmental effect, where fish given access to the spatial-learning environment had larger relative brain size and optic tectum size in relation to those exposed to the reversal-learning environment. Our results demonstrate the plasticity of the adult brain to respond adaptively mainly to environmental conditions, providing support for the environmental enhancement theory.
Data from: A new method for reconstructing brain morphology: applying the brain-neurocranial spatial relationship in an extant lungfish to a fossil endocast
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Data from: Morphological adaptations for relatively larger brains in hummingbird skulls
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ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.