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77 results for “breeding behaviour”
Figure 1 in Natural history of Phyllomedusa megacephala (Miranda-Ribeiro, 1926) (Anura: Hylidae) in southeastern Brazil, with descriptions of its breeding biology and male territorial behaviour
Figure 1. Photographs taken during field work to show the colour patterns on the right flanks of Phyllomedusa megacephala for individual recognition. The figure shows pictures of two individuals.
Figure 2 in Natural history of Phyllomedusa megacephala (Miranda-Ribeiro, 1926) (Anura: Hylidae) in southeastern Brazil, with descriptions of its breeding biology and male territorial behaviour
Figure 2. (A) Summary of the events observed as part of the territorial behaviour of Phyllomedusa megacephala males. (B) Summary of the events observed as part of the breeding behaviour of P. megacephala.
Figure 1 in Breeding behaviour of the Omei tree frog Rhacophorus omeimontis (Anura: Rachophoridae) in a subtropical montane region
Figure 1. Pictures of breeding Rhacophorus omeimontis. (a) Group spawning in tree leaves at Pond A; (b) leaf nest at Pond A; (c) group spawning at Pond B; and (d) spawning site at Pond B.
Figure 4 in Breeding behaviour of the Omei tree frog Rhacophorus omeimontis (Anura: Rachophoridae) in a subtropical montane region
Figure 4. Relationship between number of joining males and percentage clutch fertilization of Rhacophorus omeimontis at Pond A.
Figure 3 in Breeding behaviour of the Omei tree frog Rhacophorus omeimontis (Anura: Rachophoridae) in a subtropical montane region
Figure 3. Relationship between mean egg size and clutch size of Rhacophorus omeimontis in Pond A (broken line) and Pond B (solid line).
Figure 2 in Breeding behaviour of the Omei tree frog Rhacophorus omeimontis (Anura: Rachophoridae) in a subtropical montane region
Figure 2. Analysis of Rhacophorus omeimontis vegetation-use at Pond B. Relative occurrence at the pond perimeter of different vegetation types (black bars) and percentage of plant species used by R. omeimontis to construct foam nests (white bars). Plant species used for the construction of foam nests were: (a) Rhizoma dryoteris; (b) Parathelypteris glanduligera; (c) Artemisia princes; (d) Urtica cannabina; and (e) Plantago asiatica.
FIGURE 11 in Mud-packing frog: A novel breeding behaviour and parental care in a stream dwelling new species of Nyctibatrachus (Amphibia, Anura, Nyctibatrachidae)
FIGURE 11. Female and Male SVL (Mean±Sd, in mm) and clutch size (Mean±Sd) in three allopatric (N. humayuni, N. petraeus and N. jog) and three sympatric (N. jog, N. kempholeyensis and Nyctibatrachus kumbara sp. nov.) species of Nyctibatrachus.
FIGURE 8 in Mud-packing frog: A novel breeding behaviour and parental care in a stream dwelling new species of Nyctibatrachus (Amphibia, Anura, Nyctibatrachidae)
FIGURE 8. Nyctibatrachus kumbara sp. nov. in axillary amplexus. Adult male (Holotype ZSI/WGFRS/V/A/860) on top of adult female in swampy evergreen forest of Kathalekan, Uttara Kannada district, Karnataka, India. Female not collected.
FIGURE 10 in Mud-packing frog: A novel breeding behaviour and parental care in a stream dwelling new species of Nyctibatrachus (Amphibia, Anura, Nyctibatrachidae)
FIGURE 10. Co-occurring congeneric (COCG) species of Nyctibatrachus in Kathalekan. a. Nyctibatrachus kempholeyensis, b. N. jog and c. Nyctibatrachus kumbara sp. nov.
FIGURE 7. Maximum likelihood tree for all 28 in Mud-packing frog: A novel breeding behaviour and parental care in a stream dwelling new species of Nyctibatrachus (Amphibia, Anura, Nyctibatrachidae)
FIGURE 7. Maximum likelihood tree for all 28 nominal species of Nyctibatrachus and an outgroup (Indirana sp.) based on mitochondrial 16S rRNA. Number at the branches indicate bootstrap values. Bootstrap values less than 50 are indicated with an asterisk. Area marked with grey belong to N. sanctipalustris clade.
FIGURE 6. a in Mud-packing frog: A novel breeding behaviour and parental care in a stream dwelling new species of Nyctibatrachus (Amphibia, Anura, Nyctibatrachidae)
FIGURE 6. a. Male approaching the eggs; b. Male standing upright locating the egg clutch; c. Male covering the egg clutch with sand gravels and mud from the stream bed; d. Male leaving the place after covering the egg mass with sand and mud.
FIGURE 5. a in Mud-packing frog: A novel breeding behaviour and parental care in a stream dwelling new species of Nyctibatrachus (Amphibia, Anura, Nyctibatrachidae)
FIGURE 5. a. Male and female in courtship (male and female are marked with symbols); b. Axillary amplexus in the pair; c. Amplected pair standing upright on their hindlimb before oviposition; d. Female doing a handstand at the time of releasing eggs.
FIGURE 4b. Type II in Mud-packing frog: A novel breeding behaviour and parental care in a stream dwelling new species of Nyctibatrachus (Amphibia, Anura, Nyctibatrachidae)
FIGURE 4b. Type II advertisement call spectrogram of Nyctibatrachus kempholeyensis. a. Amplitude and b. Spectrogram.
FIGURE 1 in Mud-packing frog: A novel breeding behaviour and parental care in a stream dwelling new species of Nyctibatrachus (Amphibia, Anura, Nyctibatrachidae)
FIGURE 1. Study localities (blue circles) of Nyctibatrachus kumbara sp. nov. in the Western Ghats of India.
FIGURE 4a. Type I in Mud-packing frog: A novel breeding behaviour and parental care in a stream dwelling new species of Nyctibatrachus (Amphibia, Anura, Nyctibatrachidae)
FIGURE 4a. Type I advertisement call spectrogram of Nyctibatrachus kempholeyensis. a. Amplitude and b. Spectrogram.
FIGURE 9 in Mud-packing frog: A novel breeding behaviour and parental care in a stream dwelling new species of Nyctibatrachus (Amphibia, Anura, Nyctibatrachidae)
FIGURE 9. Holotype (ZSI/WGFRS/V/A/860) of Nyctibatrachus kumbara sp. nov. A—Dorsal view; B—Ventral View; C—Lateral profile of head; D—Ventral view of Forelimb; E—Ventral view of Hindlimb; F—Dorsal view of third finger; G—Dorsal view of fourth toe and H—Schematic view of webbing in hindlimb.
FIGURE 12 in Mud-packing frog: A novel breeding behaviour and parental care in a stream dwelling new species of Nyctibatrachus (Amphibia, Anura, Nyctibatrachidae)
FIGURE 12. Non-metric multidimensional scale (NMDS) analysis of allopatric and sympatric species of Nyctibatrachus based on SVL (both male and female), maximum number of eggs in a clutch, type of amplexus, parental care, mud covering behavior, oviposition site and position of male and female at oviposition. Allopatric species namely N. humayuni, N. petraeus and N. jog are clustered in one group, while N. kempholeyensis and Nyctibatrachus kumbara sp. nov. forms two distinct clusters.
FIGURE 2 in Mud-packing frog: A novel breeding behaviour and parental care in a stream dwelling new species of Nyctibatrachus (Amphibia, Anura, Nyctibatrachidae)
FIGURE 2. Advertisement call spectrogram of Nyctibatrachus kumbara sp. nov. a. Amplitude and b. Spectrogram.
Behavioural, demographic and fitness consequences of social instability in cooperatively breeding dwarf mongoose groups
<p><span>Social instability frequently arises in group-living species, but the potential costs</span> <span>have rarely been investigated in free-living cooperative breeders, especially across different timeframes.</span><span> Using natural observations, body-mass measurements and life-history data from dwarf mongooses (<em>Helogale</em> <em>parvula</em>), we determined the short- and longer-term consequences of a change in one of the dominant breeding pair. We found that a new breeder led to alterations in both collective and individual behaviour (i.e., increases in communal scent-marking, engagement in intergroup interactions, sentinel activity and within-group grooming), as well as reduced body-mass gain, further demographic changes and decreased reproductive success (i.e., fewer pups surviving to adulthood). The effects were particularly apparent when it was the female breeder who changed; new female breeders were younger than more experienced counterparts. Our findings support the idea that stability and cooperation are strongly linked and provide potential reasons for previously documented health and fitness benefits of social stability.</span></p>
Behavioural, demographic and fitness consequences of social instability in cooperatively breeding dwarf mongoose groups
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