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349 results for “buffer”
Riparian Buffer Classifications for the Upper Little Tennessee River watershed
This data set includes riparian buffer classifications for streams in the Upper Little Tennessee River Watershed that were developed from the corrected streams data set. Riparian buffer classifications were not developed for streams occurring in Nantahala National Forest. The corrected streams data set includes streams mapped by the NC Stream Mapping Program (NCSMP) that have been corrected based on their presence or absence as observed in 2006 aerial imagery. Streams mapped by the NCSMP were downloaded from http://www.ncstreams.org/DataAccess/tabid/257/Default.aspx and corrected using aerial photography for Swain and Macon Counties dated 2006 that were obtained by EEP. Four classes of riparian buffer widths were created based on the presence or absence of woody vegetation in the riparian area as viewed in the 2006 aerial photos. Right and left banks were analyzed separately and include the following classes: 1 = < 30 feet 2 = 30-100 feet 3= > 100 feet, and 4 = underground This data set is intended to characterize riparian buffer conditions for streams in the Upper Little Tennessee River Watershed. The riparian buffer classification data set is believed to provide a reasonable basis for generalizing about sub-watershed and watershed conditions. Riparian buffer classification is also one of the key data sets used to determine aquatic function and stream rehabilitation project potential. This data set provides an initial estimate of likely riparian buffer conditions, but a field examination of the area in question is recommended if accurate information on the current buffer status of specific reaches or properties is desired.
Amperometric response of the HRP-AuNCs/SWCNTs/CFUME (a), HRP/SWCNTs/CFUME (b), SWCNTs/CFUME (c), HRP-AuNCs/CFUME (d), HRP/CFUME (e) and CFUME (f) in 0.01 M PBS buffer solution containing 10 μM H2O2.
<p>The amperometric responses of HRP-AuNCs/MWCNTs/CFUME (a), HRP/MWCNTs/CFUME (b)、MWCNTs/CFUME (c)、HRP-AuNCs/CFUME (d)、HRP/CFUME (e) and CFUME (f) to the addition of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> were compared in 0.01 M PBS. The applied potential was chosen on -0.1 V (vs. Ag/AgCl sat. KCl), which can effectively reduce possible interferences and results in high selectivity to H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>. In F. S3, MWCNTs/CFUME (c), HRP-AuNCs/CFUME (d), HRP/CFUME (e) and CFUME (f) gave no response to 10 μM H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>. The response of HRP-AuNCs/MWCNTs/CFUME (a) is obvious and more than 30 times of that from the HRP/MWCNTs/CFUME. The electrodes without HRP or MWCNTs have no response. This result suggests that HRP-AuNCs/MWCNTs/CFUME is overwhelming in amperometric measurement.</p>
Life history data for longer-lived tropical songbirds reduce breeding activity as they buffer impacts of drought
<p><span>Droughts are expected to increase in frequency and severity with climate change. Population impacts of such harsh environmental events are theorized to vary with life history strategies among species. However, existing demographic models generally do not consider behavioral plasticity that may modify the impact of harsh events. Here we show that tropical songbirds in the New and Old World reduced reproduction during drought, with greater reductions in species with higher average long-term survival. Large reductions in reproduction by longer-lived species were associated with higher survival during drought than pre-drought years in Malaysia, whereas shorter-lived species maintained reproduction and survival decreased. Behavioral strategies of longer-lived, but not shorter-lived, species mitigated the effect of increasing drought frequency on long-term population growth. Behavioral plasticity can buffer the impact of climate change on populations of some species, and differences in plasticity among species related to their life histories are critical for predicting population trajectories.</span></p>
Amphibian survey of riparian buffer zones at SAFE Project, Borneo
<b>Description: </b><p>Results from amphibian surveys carried out along riparian transect sites at SAFE project, Borneo</p><p><b>Project: </b>This dataset was collected as part of the following SAFE research project: <a href="https://www.safeproject.net/projects/project_view/152"><b>MRes Tropical Forest Ecology Field Course</b></a></p><p><b>XML metadata: </b>GEMINI compliant metadata for this dataset is available <a href="https://www.safeproject.net/datasets/xml_metadata?id=3973551">here</a></p><p><b>Files: </b>This consists of 1 file: frogs_data_rob.xlsx</p><p><b>frogs_data_rob.xlsx</b></p><p>This file contains dataset metadata and 3 data tables:</p><ol><li><p><b>Stream Overview</b> (described in worksheet StreamMeasuresParent)</p><p>Description: Survey overview details</p><p>Number of fields: 16</p><p>Number of data rows: 12</p><p>Fields: </p><ul><li><b>ec5_uuid</b>: EpiCollect 5 code (Field type: id)</li><li><b>created_at</b>: Date and time of measurement (Field type: date)</li><li><b>created_by</b>: Researcher contact email (Field type: id)</li><li><b>title</b>: Survey location and visit (Field type: id)</li><li><b>2_Stream_ID</b>: Stream idenity code (Field type: location)</li><li><b>RiparianWidth</b>: Riparian buffer width (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>lat_3_GPS_Location</b>: Latitude (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>long_3_GPS_Location</b>: Longitude (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>accuracy_3_GPS_Location</b>: Accuracy of GPS location data (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>4_Visit</b>: Visit number (Field type: id)</li><li><b>5_Photo_of_stream_la</b>: File ID of photo of river (Field type: id)</li><li><b>7_Start_Time</b>: Time sampling started (Field type: time)</li><li><b>8_Date_ddMMYYYY</b>: Calendar date of sampling (Field type: date)</li><li><b>9_Comments_weather_e</b>: Weather conditions (Field type: comments)</li><li><b>11_Surveyors</b>: Identity of surveyors (Field type: id)</li><li><b>12_RAs</b>: Identity of research assistants (Field type: id)</li></ul></li><li><p><b>Stream characteristics</b> (described in worksheet StreamMeasures)</p><p>Description: Stream characteristics (dimensions, canopy cover and substrate)</p><p>Number of fields: 19</p><p>Number of data rows: 105</p><p>Fields: </p><ul><li><b>ec5_parent_uuid</b>: EpiCollect 5 code (Field type: id)</li><li><b>created_at</b>: Date and time of measurement (Field type: datetime)</li><li><b>created_by</b>: Researcher contact email (Field type: id)</li><li><b>StreamID</b>: Stream idenity code (Field type: location)</li><li><b>15_Marker_point</b>: Identity of marker point (Field type: id)</li><li><b>SiteCode</b>: Location code of site (Field type: location)</li><li><b>Width</b>: Width of stream bed (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>17_Upstream_Canopy</b>: Percentage of canopy cover upstream from point (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>18_Downstream_Canopy</b>: Percentage of canopy cover downstream from point (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>19_Left_Canopy</b>: Percentage of canopy cover to left of point (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>20_Right_Canopy</b>: Percentage of canopy cover to right of point (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>20_Large_boulder__co</b>: Percentage coverage by large boulders (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>21_Medium_rock__cove</b>: Percentage coverage by medium rocks (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>22_Small_rock__cover</b>: Percentage coverage by small rocks (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>23_Gravel__cover</b>: Percentage coverage by gravel (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>24_Sand__cover</b>: Percentage coverage by sand (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>25_MudGround__cover</b>: Percentage coverage by mud (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>26_Substrate_cover_o</b>: Percentage coverage by other substrate type (Field type: categorical)</li><li><b>27_Water_flow_at_poi</b>: Water flow at point (Field type: categorical)</li></ul></li><li><p><b>Frog species </b> (described in worksheet FrogData)</p><p>Description: Recorded frog species and associated body measurements</p><p>Number of fields: 19</p><p>Number of data rows: 785</p><p>Fields: </p><ul><li><b>Stream_ID</b>: Stream identification code (Field type: location)</li><li><b>Date</b>: Date (Field type: date)</li><li><b>23_Closest_Marker</b>: Distance along transect at which frog was recorded (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>SiteCode</b>: Location code of recorded frog (Field type: location)</li><li><b>24_Horizontal_Distan</b>: Approximate distance of recorded frog from stream bed (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>25_Vertical_Distance</b>: Approximate distance of recorded frog above stream bed (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>27_Substrate</b>: Substrate on which frog was recorded (Field type: categorical)</li><li><b>28_Substrate_if_othe</b>: Secondary substrate on which frog was recorded (Field type: categorical)</li><li><b>30_Dorsal</b>: EpiCollect 5 code for photograph (dorsal) of recorded frog species (Field type: id)</li><li><b>31_Ventral</b>: EpiCollect 5 code for photograph (ventral) of recorded frog species (Field type: id)</li><li><b>32_Left_side</b>: EpiCollect 5 code for photograph (left-side) of recorded frog species (Field type: id)</li><li><b>33_Right_side</b>: EpiCollect 5 code for photograph (right-side) of recorded frog species (Field type: id)</li><li><b>Species</b>: Species or Genus level identity (Field type: taxa)</li><li><b>36_Mass_of_frog_in_bag</b>: Combined mass of frog and bag (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>38_Mass_of_empty_bag</b>: Mass of bag alone (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>Mass_of_frog</b>: Mass of frog (Field type: numeric trait)</li><li><b>40_SnoutVent_Length</b>: Snout-vent length of frog (Field type: numeric trait)</li><li><b>Comment</b>: Comments on frog identity (Field type: comments)</li><li><b>Sex</b>: Sex of frog (Field type: categorical trait)</li></ul></li></ol><p><b>Date range: </b>2019-02-04 to 2019-02-13</p><p><b>Latitudinal extent: </b>4.6498 to 4.7273</p><p><b>Longitudinal extent: </b>117.5413 to 117.6414</p><p><b>Taxonomic coverage: </b><br> All taxon names are validated against the GBIF backbone taxonomy. If a dataset uses a synonym, the accepted usage is shown followed by the dataset usage in brackets. Taxa that cannot be validated, including new species and other unknown taxa, morphospecies, functional groups and taxonomic levels not used in the GBIF backbone are shown in square brackets.</p><div> -  Animalia <br> -  -  Chordata <br> -  -  -  Amphibia <br> -  -  -  -  Anura <br> -  -  -  -  -  [Other] <br> -  -  -  -  -  Bufonidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Ansonia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Ansonia spinulifer</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Phrynoidis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Phrynoidis juxtaspera</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Dicroglossidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Limnonectes</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Limnonectes finchi</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Limnonectes kuhlii</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Limnonectes leporinus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Limnonectes palavanensis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Ingerana</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Ingerana baluensis</i> (as homotypic_synonym: <i>Occidozyga baluensis</i>)<br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Fejervarya</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Fejervarya limnocharis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Occidozyga</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Occidozyga laevis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Ranidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Chalcorana</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Chalcorana megalonesa</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Chalcorana raniceps</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Meristogenys</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Meristogenys orphnocnemis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Hylarana</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Hylarana picturata</i> (as synonym: <i>Pulchrana picturata</i>)<br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Staurois</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Staurois guttatus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Staurois latopalmatus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Megophryidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Leptolalax</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Leptolalax fritinniens</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Leptolalax gracilis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Leptobrachium</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Leptobrachium abbotti</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Rhacophoridae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rhacophorus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rhacophorus pardalis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Polypedates</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Polypedates macrotis</i> <br></div><p></p>
Meerkat helpers buffer the detrimental effects of adverse environmental conditions on fecundity, growth and survival
<p>1. Recent comparative studies show that cooperative breeding is positively correlated with harsh and unpredictable environments and it is suggested that this association occurs because helpers buffer the negative effects of adverse ecological conditions on fitness.</p> <p>2. In the Kalahari, rainfall varies widely between- and within years, affecting primary production and the availability of the principal prey of cooperatively breeding Kalahari meerkats, Suricata suricatta. Our study aimed to establish whether the presence and number of helpers buffer the negative effects of variation in rainfall on the fecundity and body mass of breeding females, and the survival and growth of pups.</p> <p>3. We investigate the relationship between group size and variation in rainfall on dominant female fecundity, body mass, and offspring survival and growth using an additive modeling approach on twenty-one years of individual-based records of the life histories of individual meerkats.</p> <p>4. We show that breeding female fecundity is reduced during periods of low rainfall but that the effects of low rainfall are mitigated by increases in group size and body mass because heavier females and those in larger groups have increased fecundity and reduced interbirth intervals. Pup growth and survival are also reduced during periods of low rainfall, but more so in smaller groups.</p> <p>5. Our results support the suggestion that cooperative breeding mitigates the detrimental effects of adverse environmental conditions and may enhance the capacity of species to occupy environments where food availability is low and unpredictable.</p>
Data from: Life-history theory provides a framework for detecting resource limitation: a test of the Nutritional Buffer Hypothesis
<p>For ungulates and other long-lived species, life-history theory predicts that nutritional reserves are allocated to reproduction in a state-dependent manner because survival is highly conserved. Further, as per-capita food abundance and nutritional reserves decline (i.e., density-dependence intensifies), reproduction and recruitment become increasingly sensitive to weather. Thus, the degree to which weather influences vital rates should be associated with proximity to nutritional carrying capacity—a notion that we refer to as the Nutritional Buffer Hypothesis. We tested the Nutritional Buffer Hypothesis using six moose (<i>Alces alces</i>) populations that varied in calf recruitment (33-69 calves/ 100 cows). We predicted that populations with high calf recruitment were nutritionally buffered against the effects of unfavorable weather, and thus were below nutritional carrying capacity. We applied a suite of tools to quantify habitat and nutritional condition of each population and found that increased browse condition, forage quality, and body fat were associated with increased pregnancy and calf recruitment, thereby providing multiple lines of evidence that declines in calf recruitment were underpinned by resource limitation. From 2001 to 2015, recruitment was more sensitive to interannual variation in weather (e.g., winter severity, drought) and plant phenology (e.g., duration of spring) for populations with reduced browse condition, forage quality, and body fat, suggesting these populations lacked the nutritional reserves necessary to buffer demographic performance against the effects of unfavorable weather. Further, average within-population calf recruitment was determined by regional climatic variation, suggesting that the pattern of reduced recruitment near the southern range boundary of moose stems from an interaction between climate and resource limitation. When coupled with information on habitat, nutrition, weather, and climate, life-history theory provides a framework to estimate nutritional limitation, proximity to nutritional carrying capacity, and impacts of climate change for ungulates.</p>
Figure 1 in Andean bear (Tremarctos ornatus) population density and relative abundance at the buffer zone of the Chingaza National Natural Park, cordillera oriental of the colombian andes
Figure 1. Natural covers map showing camera traps distribution at 9 grids throughout the study area.
Data from: Diversity in thermal affinity among key piscivores buffers impacts of ocean warming on predator-prey interactions
Asymmetries in responses to climate change have the potential to alter important predator-prey interactions, in part by altering the location and size of spatial refugia for prey. We evaluated the effect of ocean warming on interactions between four important piscivores and four of their prey in the U.S. Northeast Shelf by examining species overlap under historical conditions (1968-2014) and with a doubling in CO2. Because both predator and prey shift their distributions in response to changing ocean conditions, the net impact of warming or cooling on predator-prey interactions was not determined a priori from the range extent of either predator or prey alone. For Atlantic cod, an historically dominant piscivore in the region, we found that both historical and future warming led to a decline in the proportion of prey species' range it occupied and caused a potential reduction in its ability to exert top-down control on these prey. In contrast, the potential for overlap of spiny dogfish with prey species was enhanced by warming, expanding their importance as predators in this system. In sum, the decline in the ecological role for cod that began with overfishing in this ecosystem will likely be exacerbated by warming, but this loss may be counteracted by the rise in dominance of other piscivores with contrasting thermal preferences. Functional diversity in thermal affinity within the piscivore guild may therefore buffer against the impact of warming on marine ecosystems, suggesting a novel mechanism by which diversity confers resilience.
Sexual selection buffers the negative consequences of population fragmentation on adaptive plastic responses to increasing temperatures
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>Whether sexual selection facilitates or hampers the ability to plastically respond to novel environments might depend on population structure, via its effects on </span><span>sexual interactions and associated fitness payoffs</span><span>. Using experimentally evolved lines </span><span>of the seed beetle <em>Callosobruchus maculatus,</em> we tested whether individuals evolving under different sexual selection (monogamy vs polygamy) and population spatial structure (metapopulation vs undivided populations) treatments differed in their response across developmental thermal conditions (control, hot or stressful) in a range of fitness and fitness-associated traits. We found that individuals from subdivided populations had lower lifetime reproductive success (LRS) at hot temperatures, but only in lines evolving under relaxed sexual selection, revealing a complex interaction between sexual selection, population structure, and thermal environmental stress on fitness. We also found an effect of population structure on several traits, including fertility and adult emergence success, under exposure to high thermal conditions. Finally, we found a strong negative effect of hot and stressful temperatures in fitness and associated traits. Our results show that population structure can exacerbate the impact of a warming climate, potentially leading to declines in population viability, but that sexual selection can buffer the negative influence of population subdivision on adaptation to warm temperatures</span><span>.</span></p>
Dataset for: "Gas buffering of magma chamber contraction during persistent explosive activity at Mt. Etna volcano"
<p>Data used for generating the figures in the paper "Gas buffering of magma chamber contraction during persistent explosive activity at Mt. Etna volcano", accepted for publication in Nature Communications Earth & Environment.</p>
Code and data to "The shifting of buffer crop repertoires in pre-industrial north-eastern Europe "
<p>This code and data can be used to replicate the plots and figures of the paper and to trace the correlation and tests of climate variability and crop development in the study area.</p> <p> </p>
Episodes of high recruitment buffer against climate-driven mass mortality events in a North Pacific seabird population
<p>Longitudinal studies of marked animals provide an opportunity to assess the relative contributions of survival and reproductive output to population dynamics and change. Cassin's auklets are a long-lived seabird that maximizes annual reproductive effort in resource-rich years through a behavior called double brooding, the initiation of a second breeding attempt following the success of the first during the same season. Our objective was to explore whether double brooding influenced population change by contributing a greater number of future recruits. We fit temporal symmetry models to 32-years of mark-recapture data of Cassin's auklets to infer the mechanisms underlying the observed variability in per capita recruitment rates. We found that periodic peaks in recruitment were explained by an increase in available nest sites, the proportion of the population double brooding 4 years prior, and spring upwelling conditions. Estimates of population change suggests a relatively stable population throughout the time series, attributable to a "floating" demographic class of sexually mature individuals excluded from breeding by competition which quickly fill vacant sites following periods of low adult survival. Our results highlight the importance of recruitment in maintaining the population of a long-lived seabird periodically impacted by adverse environmental conditions. </p>
Supporting data for: Post-fire early successional vegetation buffers surface microclimate and increases survival of planted conifer seedlings in the southwestern United States
<p>Climate change and fire-exclusion have increased the flammability of western US forests, leading to forest cover loss when wildfires occur under severe weather conditions. Increasingly large high-severity burn patches are a limitation to natural regeneration because of dispersal distance, increasing the chance that these areas are converted to non-forest. Post-fire planting can overcome dispersal limitations, yet warmer and drier post-fire conditions can still limit survival. Early successional vegetation can alter surface microclimate; however, it is unclear whether this is enough to increase planted seedling survival in southwestern US forests. Here we examined how two shrub species of different canopy density would affect survival rates of planted tree seedlings following a high-severity fire in northern New Mexico. We expected that shrubs with a higher density canopy (Gambel oak) would have a greater effect on buffering below-shrub climate than shrubs with a lower density canopy (New Mexico locust) and seedlings planted under Gambel oak would have higher survival rates. We found that seedlings planted under Gambel oak had survival rates approximately 10% to 35% greater than those planted under New Mexico locust. The higher light availability beneath New Mexico locust corresponded to higher temperatures, lower humidity, and higher VPD, which impacted the mortality of planted tree seedlings. These results suggest that by waiting for post-fire shrub establishment, shrubs can be leveraged to buffer microclimate and increase post-fire planting success in the southwestern US.</p>
Supporting data for "Riparian buffers can help mitigate biodiversity declines in oil palm agriculture"; doi.org/10.1002/fee.2473
<b>Description: </b><p>Ecological data underpinning the Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment publication "Riparian buffers can help mitigate biodiversity declines in oil palm agriculture" (doi.org/10.1002/fee.2473). <br><br>Data describe species abundance and community composition for 377 species and eight taxonomic groups (insect larvae, dragonflies, dung beetles, fish, frogs, birds, small mammals, large mammals) across 345 riparian sampling locations at the Stability of Altered Forest Ecosystems (SAFE) project study site and surrounding oil palm plantations. Sampling locations captured four distinct riparian habitat treatments across the study site: recovering logged forest (LF), heavily disturbed forest (HDF), riparian buffers (RB) and oil palm rivers (ROP). Compositional metrics are provided for all species within a taxonomic group and forest dependent species only. Forest-dependence was defined based on the sensitivity of a species to habitat conversion according expert opinion. Riparian characteristics used as covariates in hierarchical models, defining the extent and quality of available forest habitat in the immediate vicinity of each sampling locations, are also provided. <br><br>Please note that the raw data underpinning the biodiversity summaries provided are also available for a select number of the taxonomic groups studied:<br>- Dung beetles: https://zenodo.org/record/3906118#.YTY_To5KiUk; https://zenodo.org/record/3906441#.YTY_a45KiUk<br>- Fish: https://zenodo.org/record/4072959#.YTY_pY5KiUk<br>- Frogs: https://zenodo.org/record/1995439#.YTY_z45KiUk<br><br>For specific taxonomic queries, including potential collaborations, please direct enquiries to the lead researcher of that group:<br>- Insect larave/dragonflies: Dr Sarah H. Luke<br>- Dung beetles: Asst. Prof. Eleanor M. Slade; Dr Joseph Williamson<br>- Fish: Dr Clare L. Wilkinson<br>- Frogs: Dr Oliver Konppik (contact details currently unavailable)<br>- Birds: Dr Simon L. Mitchell<br>- Small mammals: Dr Henry Bernard; Dr Matthew J. Struebig<br>- Large mammals: Dr Nicolas J. Deere; Dr Matthew J. Struebig </p><p><b>Project: </b>This dataset was collected as part of the following SAFE research project: <a href="https://safeproject.net/projects/project_view/26"><b>Understanding covariation between mammalian diversity and forest carbon across a human-modified tropical landscape</b></a></p><p><b>Funding: </b>These data were collected as part of research funded by: </p><ul><li>NERC (Human Modified Tropical Forests Programme, NE/K016407/1, <a href="http://lombok.nerc-hmtf.info/">http://lombok.nerc-hmtf.info/</a>)</li><li>NERC (Human Modified Tropical Forests Programme, NE/K016261/1, <a href="http://lombok.nerc-hmtf.info/">http://lombok.nerc-hmtf.info/</a>)</li><li>British Council and Malaysian Industry Government Group for High Technology (Newton-Ungku Omar Fund, 216433953.0, <a href="http://www.newtonfund.ac.uk/about/about-partner-countries/malaysia/">http://www.newtonfund.ac.uk/about/about-partner-countries/malaysia/</a>)</li><li>British Council and Malaysian Industry Government Group for High Technology (Newton-Ungku Omar Fund, 537134717.0, <a href="http://www.newtonfund.ac.uk/about/about-partner-countries/malaysia/">http://www.newtonfund.ac.uk/about/about-partner-countries/malaysia/</a>)</li></ul><p>This dataset is released under the CC-BY 4.0 licence, requiring that you cite the dataset in any outputs, but has the additional condition that you acknowledge the contribution of these funders in any outputs.</p><p></p><p><b>XML metadata: </b>GEMINI compliant metadata for this dataset is available <a href="https://safeproject.net/datasets/xml_metadata?id=6477764">here</a></p><p><b>Files: </b>This consists of 1 file: FEE_DataDeposition.xlsx</p><p><b>FEE_DataDeposition.xlsx</b></p><p>This file contains dataset metadata and 5 data tables:</p><ol><li><p><b>Forest-dependence classification</b> (described in worksheet Species classification)</p><p>Description: Forest-dependence classification of 377 species based on sensitivity to habitat conversion according to expert opinion</p><p>Number of fields: 3</p><p>Number of data rows: 377</p><p>Fields: </p><ul><li><b>Taxa</b>: Coarse taxonomic classification for each family/species (Field type: categorical)</li><li><b>Scientific_name</b>: Taxon identifier, resolved to family for insect larvae and species for all other taxonomic groups (Field type: taxa)</li><li><b>Habitat_specialism</b>: Degree of forest-dependence based on sensitivity to habitat conversion. NB: as insect larvae could not be reliably identified to species level, this group was excluded from classification (Field type: categorical)</li></ul></li><li><p><b>Species-specific biodiversity measures</b> (described in worksheet Species data)</p><p>Description: Abundance and presence/absence data for 377 species across 334 sampling locations. These data were implemented in the meta-analysis and abundance-related components of the publication</p><p>Number of fields: 6</p><p>Number of data rows: 39460</p><p>Fields: </p><ul><li><b>Site_ID</b>: Unique alphanumeric identifier of riparian sampling locations (Field type: location)</li><li><b>Treatment</b>: Riparian habitat treatment within which sampling was conducted: LF = recovering logged forest; HDF = heavily disturbed forest; RR = riparian reserve; ROP = oil palm river (Field type: categorical)</li><li><b>Taxa</b>: Coarse taxonomic classification for each family/species (Field type: categorical)</li><li><b>Scientific_name</b>: Taxon identifier, resolved to family for insect larvae and species for all other taxonomic groups (Field type: taxa)</li><li><b>Abundance</b>: Relative abundance of the family/species at the sampling location (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Spp_Present</b>: Presence/absence of family/species at the sampling location (Field type: abundance)</li></ul></li><li><p><b>Community intactness measures (all species)</b> (described in worksheet Community data (all species))</p><p>Description: Community composition metrics for eight taxonomic groups across plantation rivers (RR and ROP). All species present in the community were included in the calculation of these measures</p><p>Number of fields: 5</p><p>Number of data rows: 276</p><p>Fields: </p><ul><li><b>Site_ID</b>: Unique alphanumeric identifier of riparian sampling locations (Field type: location)</li><li><b>Taxa</b>: Taxon identifier, resolved to family for insect larvae and species for all other taxonomic groups (Field type: taxa)</li><li><b>Rarefied_SpeciesRichness</b>: Community-level metric representing the number of unique species encountered at a sampling location (Field type: numeric trait)</li><li><b>Relative_Richness</b>: Relative measure of community intactness representing the proportion of species found at a sampling species compared to the mean rarefied richness observed at recovering logged forest sites (Field type: numeric trait)</li><li><b>Sorensen_Similarity</b>: Relative measure of cimmunity intactness representing compositional similarity between the sampling location and average community composition across recovering logged forest sites. The index ranges from zero (complete taxonomic seperation) to one (identical community structure) (Field type: numeric trait)</li></ul></li><li><p><b>Community intactness measures (forest-dependents)</b> (described in worksheet Community data (for. dependent))</p><p>Description: Community composition metrics for eight taxonomic groups across plantation rivers (RR and ROP). Only forest-dependent species were included in the calculation of these measures</p><p>Number of fields: 5</p><p>Number of data rows: 276</p><p>Fields: </p><ul><li><b>Site_ID</b>: Unique alphanumeric identifier of riparian sampling locations (Field type: location)</li><li><b>Taxa</b>: Taxon identifier, resolved to family for insect larvae and species for all other taxonomic groups (Field type: taxa)</li><li><b>Rarefied_SpeciesRichness</b>: Community-level metric representing the number of unique species encountered at a sampling location (Field type: numeric trait)</li><li><b>Relative_Richness</b>: Relative measure of community intactness representing the proportion of species found at a sampling species compared to the mean rarefied richness observed at recovering logged forest sites (Field type: numeric trait)</li><li><b>Sorensen_Similarity</b>: Relative measure of cimmunity intactness representing compositional similarity between the sampling location and average community composition across recovering logged forest sites. The index ranges from zero (complete taxonomic seperation) to one (identical community structure) (Field type: numeric trait)</li></ul></li><li><p><b>Site-specific riparian characteristics</b> (described in worksheet Site covariates)</p><p>Description: Riparian characteristics describing the extent and quality of available forest habitat across 334 sampling locations</p><p>Number of fields: 10</p><p>Number of data rows: 329</p><p>Fields: </p><ul><li><b>Site_ID</b>: Unique alphanumeric identifier of riparian sampling locations (Field type: location)</li><li><b>fSite</b>: Numeric identifier used to group sampling locations from the same river. Implemented to define spatial random effects in hierarchical models. Only relevant for plantation rivers (RR and ROP) (Field type: id)</li><li><b>Treatment</b>: Riparian habitat treatment within which sampling was conducted: LF = recovering logged forest; HDF = heavily disturbed forest; RR = riparian reserve; ROP = oil palm river (Field type: categorical)</li><li><b>Reserve_Width</b>: Terrestrial width of riparian buffer. Only relevant for plantation rivers (RR and ROP) (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>AGB_30m</b>: Forest quality in the immediate vicinity of the sampling location. Quality is expressed using above ground biomass, which reflects stand structural integrity (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>AGB_50m</b>: Forest quality in the immediate vicinity of the sampling location. Quality is expressed using above ground biomass, which reflects stand structural integrity (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>AGB_100m</b>: Forest quality in the immediate vicinity of the sampling location. Quality is expressed using above ground biomass, which reflects stand structural integrity (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>AGB_250m</b>: Forest quality in the immediate vicinity of the sampling location. Quality is expressed using above ground biomass, which reflects stand structural integrity (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>AGB_500m</b>: Forest quality in the immediate vicinity of the sampling location. Quality is expressed using above ground biomass, which reflects stand structural integrity (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>ForCov</b>: Proportion of available forest habitat at the scale of water catchment (Field type: numeric)</li></ul></li></ol><p><b>Date range: </b>2011-04-01 to 2018-03-31</p><p><b>Latitudinal extent: </b>4.3000 to 4.8100</p><p><b>Longitudinal extent: </b>117.1500 to 117.7000</p><p><b>Taxonomic coverage: </b><br> All taxon names are validated against the GBIF backbone taxonomy. If a dataset uses a synonym, the accepted usage is shown followed by the dataset usage in brackets. Taxa that cannot be validated, including new species and other unknown taxa, morphospecies, functional groups and taxonomic levels not used in the GBIF backbone are shown in square brackets.</p><div> -  Animalia <br> -  -  Arthropoda <br> -  -  -  Insecta <br> -  -  -  -  Odonata <br> -  -  -  -  -  Calopterygidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Neurobasis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Neurobasis longipes</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Chlorogomphidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Euphaeidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Euphaea</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Euphaea impar</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Euphaea subcostalis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Dysphaea</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Dysphaea dimidiata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Gomphidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Ictinogomphus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Ictinogomphus decoratus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Libellulidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Cratilla</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Cratilla lineata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Trithemis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Trithemis aurora</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Trithemis festiva</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Orthetrum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Orthetrum chrysis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Orthetrum glaucum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Orthetrum testaceum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Neurothemis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Neurothemis fluctuans</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Neurothemis ramburii</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onychothemis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onychothemis culminicola</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Zygonyx</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Zygonyx iris</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Platycnemididae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Copera</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Copera vittata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Coenagrionidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pseudagrion</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pseudagrion pilidorsum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Chlorocyphidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rhinocypha</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rhinocypha aurofulgens</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rhinocypha humeralis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Heliocypha</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Heliocypha biseriata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Libellago</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Libellago semiopaca</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Protoneuridae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Prodasineura</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Prodasineura verticalis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Megapodagrionidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rhinagrion</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rhinagrion elopurae</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Coleoptera <br> -  -  -  -  -  Elmidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Gyrinidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Psephenidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Scirtidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Scarabaeidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus hidakai</i> (as homotypic_synonym: <i>Microcopris hidakai</i>)<br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus arayai</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus deliensis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus diabolicus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus hidakai</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus kawaharai</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  [Onthophagus (aff) liliputanus] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus limbatus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus rutilans</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus phanaeides</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus rutilans</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  [Onthophagus (aff) tridentitibialus] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  [Onthophagus (agg) indachorius] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus pacificus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus angustatus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus aphodioides</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus aurifex</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus batillifer</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus borneensis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus brendelli</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus cervicapra</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus deflexicollis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus dux</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus fujiii</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus incisus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus johkii</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus laevis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus muelleri</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus nigriobscurior</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  [Onthophagus nr. borneensis] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus obscurior</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus ochromerus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus pastillatus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus pavidus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus peninsularis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus rorarius</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus rudis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus rugicollis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus sarawacus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus semiaureus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus semicupreus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus taeniatus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus trituber</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus vulpes</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus waterstradti</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Yvescambefortius</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Yvescambefortius sarawacus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Copris</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Copris agnus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Copris ramosiceps</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Copris sinicus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Oniticellus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Oniticellus tessellatus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Ochicanthon</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Ochicanthon woroae</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Ochicanthon dytiscoides</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Ochicanthon masumotoi</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Microcopris</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Microcopris doriae</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Synapsis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Synapsis ritsemae</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Proagoderus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Proagoderus watanabei</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Sisyphus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Sisyphus thoracicus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Caccobius</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Caccobius bawangensis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Catharsius</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Catharsius dayacus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Catharsius renaudpauliani</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Paragymnopleurus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Paragymnopleurus maurus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Paragymnopleurus sparsus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Paragymnopleurus striatus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Megaloptera <br> -  -  -  -  -  Corydalidae <br> -  -  -  -  Trichoptera <br> -  -  -  -  -  Calamoceratidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Ecnomidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Hydropsychidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Leptoceridae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Philopotamidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Polycentropodidae <br> -  -  -  -  Ephemeroptera <br> -  -  -  -  -  Baetidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Caenidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Ephemerellidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Euthyplociidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Heptageniidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Leptophlebiidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Teloganodidae <br> -  -  -  -  Diptera <br> -  -  -  -  -  Ceratopogonidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Chironomidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Simuliidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Tipulidae <br> -  -  -  -  Lepidoptera <br> -  -  -  -  -  Crambidae <br> -  -  -  -  Plecoptera <br> -  -  -  -  -  Perlidae <br> -  -  Chordata <br> -  -  -  Actinopterygii <br> -  -  -  -  Anguilliformes <br> -  -  -  -  -  Anguillidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Anguilla</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Anguilla borneensis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Anguilla marmorata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Perciformes <br> -  -  -  -  -  Channidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Channa</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Channa striata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Osphronemidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Betta</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Betta unimaculata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Siluriformes <br> -  -  -  -  -  Bagridae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Hemibagrus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Hemibagrus baramensis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Hemibagrus fortis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Clariidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Clarias</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Clarias anfractus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Synbranchiformes <br> -  -  -  -  -  Mastacembelidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Mastacembelus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Mastacembelus unicolor</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Macrognathus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Macrognathus keithi</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Cypriniformes <br> -  -  -  -  -  Cyprinidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rasbora</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rasbora elegans</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rasbora hubbsi</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rasbora pycnopeza</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Anematichthys</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Anematichthys repasson</i> (as synonym: <i>Cyclocheilichthys repasson</i>)<br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Crossocheilus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Crossocheilus elegans</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Garra</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Garra borneensis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Luciosoma</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Luciosoma pellegrinii</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Tor</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Tor tambra</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Puntius</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Puntius sealei</i> (as synonym: <i>Barbodes sealei</i>)<br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Nematabramis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Nematabramis everetti</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Leptobarbus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Leptobarbus melanotaenia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Osteochilus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Osteochilus chini</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Osteochilus ingeri</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Lobocheilos</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Lobocheilos erinaceus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Lobocheilos unicornis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Barbonymus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Barbonymus balleroides</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Hampala</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Hampala sabana</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Nemacheilidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Nemacheilus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Nemacheilus olivaceus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Balitoridae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Protomyzon</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Protomyzon borneensis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Protomyzon griswoldi</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Homalopteroides</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Homalopteroides stephensoni</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Gastromyzon</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Gastromyzon ingeri</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Gastromyzon lepidogaster</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Parhomaloptera</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Parhomaloptera microstoma</i> <br> -  -  -  Aves <br> -  -  -  -  <i>Microtarsus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  <i>Microtarsus atriceps</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  <i>Microtarsus eutilotus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Columbiformes <br> -  -  -  -  -  Columbidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Chalcophaps</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Chalcophaps indica</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Streptopelia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Streptopelia chinensis</i> (as homotypic_synonym: <i>Spilopelia chinensis</i>)<br> -  -  -  -  Psittaciformes <br> -  -  -  -  -  Psittacidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Loriculus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Loriculus galgulus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Psittacula</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Psittacula longicauda</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Trogoniformes <br> -  -  -  -  -  Trogonidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Harpactes</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Harpactes diardii</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Harpactes duvaucelii</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Harpactes kasumba</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Galliformes <br> -  -  -  -  -  Phasianidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Argusianus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Argusianus argus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Accipitriformes <br> -  -  -  -  -  Accipitridae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Spilornis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Spilornis cheela</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Apodiformes <br> -  -  -  -  -  Hemiprocnidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Hemiprocne</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Hemiprocne comata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Apodidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Collocalia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Collocalia affinis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Collocalia sp.</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rhaphidura</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rhaphidura leucopygialis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Coraciiformes <br> -  -  -  -  -  Alcedinidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Ceyx</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Ceyx erithaca</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Ceyx erithaca erithaca</i> (as synonym: <i>Ceyx rufidorsa</i>)<br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Alcedo</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Alcedo euryzona</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Alcedo meninting</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Todiramphus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Todiramphus chloris</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Meropidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Nyctyornis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Nyctyornis amictus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Merops</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Merops viridis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Bucerotiformes <br> -  -  -  -  -  Bucerotidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rhinoplax</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rhinoplax vigil</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Anorrhinus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Anorrhinus galeritus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rhyticeros</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rhyticeros undulatus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Anthracoceros</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Anthracoceros malayanus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Buceros</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Buceros rhinoceros</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Passeriformes <br> -  -  -  -  -  Timaliidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pomatorhinus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pomatorhinus bornensis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Macronus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Macronus ptilosus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Stachyris</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Stachyris maculata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Stachyris nigricollis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Stachyris poliocephala</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Cyanoderma</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Cyanoderma erythropterum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Cyanoderma rufifrons</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Mixornis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Mixornis gularis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Pityriaseidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pityriasis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pityriasis gymnocephala</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Dicruridae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Dicrurus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Dicrurus paradiseus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Hirundinidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Hirundo</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Hirundo rustica</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Hirundo tahitica</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Chloropseidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Chloropsis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Chloropsis cyanopogon</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Chloropsis sonnerati</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Phylloscopidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Seicercus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Seicercus borealis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Monarchidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rhipidura</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rhipidura javanica</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rhipidura perlata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Terpsiphone</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Terpsiphone paradisi</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Terpsiphone paradisi affinis</i> (as homotypic_synonym: <i>Terpsiphone affinis</i>)<br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Hypothymis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Hypothymis azurea</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Irenidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Irena</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Irena puella</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Aegithinidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Aegithina</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Aegithina viridissima</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Eurylaimidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Eurylaimus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Eurylaimus javanicus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Eurylaimus ochromalus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Corydon</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Corydon sumatranus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Calyptomena</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Calyptomena viridis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Sturnidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Aplonis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Aplonis panayensis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Gracula</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Gracula religiosa</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Stenostiridae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Culicicapa</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Culicicapa ceylonensis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Dicaeidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Dicaeum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Dicaeum trigonostigma</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Prionochilus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Prionochilus maculatus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Prionochilus xanthopygius</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Acanthizidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Gerygone</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Gerygone sulphurea</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Muscicapidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Trichixos</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Trichixos pyrropygus</i> (as homotypic_synonym: <i>Copsychus pyrropygus</i>)<br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Muscicapa</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Muscicapa dauurica</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Cyornis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Cyornis superbus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Cyornis turcosus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Copsychus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Copsychus saularis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Copsychus stricklandii</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rhinomyias</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rhinomyias umbratilis</i> (as homotypic_synonym: <i>Cyornis umbratilis</i>)<br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Eumyias</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Eumyias thalassinus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Enicurus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Enicurus borneensis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Enicurus ruficapillus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Nectariniidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Arachnothera</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Arachnothera everetti</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Arachnothera flavigaster</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Arachnothera hypogrammicum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Arachnothera longirostra</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Aethopyga</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Aethopyga siparaja</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Leptocoma</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Leptocoma brasiliana</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Anthreptes</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Anthreptes malacensis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Anthreptes simplex</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Chalcoparia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Chalcoparia singalensis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Pycnonotidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Alophoixus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Alophoixus finschii</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Alophoixus phaeocephalus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Alophoixus tephrogenys</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Ixos</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Ixos malaccensis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Iole</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Iole olivacea</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Iole olivacea charlottae</i> (as homotypic_synonym: <i>Iole charlottae</i>)<br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pycnonotus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pycnonotus goiavier</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pycnonotus brunneus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pycnonotus erythropthalmos</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pycnonotus plumosus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pycnonotus simplex</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Tricholestes</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Tricholestes criniger</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Campephagidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pericrocotus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pericrocotus flammeus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pericrocotus igneus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Cisticolidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Orthotomus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Orthotomus atrogularis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Orthotomus ruficeps</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Orthotomus sericeus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Prinia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Prinia flaviventris</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Tephrodornithidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Tephrodornis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Tephrodornis virgatus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Philentoma</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Philentoma pyrhoptera</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Philentoma velata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Hemipus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Hemipus hirundinaceus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Hemipus picatus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Corvidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Platysmurus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Platysmurus aterrimus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Corvus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Corvus enca</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Platylophus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Platylophus galericulatus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Pellorneidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Turdinus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Turdinus sepiarius</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pellorneum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pellorneum bicolor</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pellorneum capistratum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pellorneum malaccense</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pellorneum rostratum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Malacopteron</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Malacopteron affine</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Malacopteron cinereum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Malacopteron magnirostre</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Malacopteron magnum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Alcippe</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Alcippe brunneicauda</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Kenopia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Kenopia striata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Ptilocichla</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Ptilocichla leucogrammica</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Estrildidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Lonchura</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Lonchura atricapilla</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Lonchura fuscans</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Pittidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pitta</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pitta sordida</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pitta granatina</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pitta granatina ussheri</i> (as homotypic_synonym: <i>Erythropitta ussheri</i>)<br> -  -  -  -  -  Oriolidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Oriolus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Oriolus xanthonotus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Piciformes <br> -  -  -  -  -  Picidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Sasia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Sasia abnormis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Blythipicus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Blythipicus rubiginosus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Hemicircus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Hemicircus concretus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Meiglyptes</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Meiglyptes tristis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Celeus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Celeus brachyurus</i> (as homotypic_synonym: <i>Micropternus brachyurus</i>)<br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Dinopium</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Dinopium rafflesii</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Ramphastidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Megalaima</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Megalaima australis</i> (as homotypic_synonym: <i>Psilopogon australis</i>)<br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Megalaima chrysopogon</i> (as homotypic_synonym: <i>Psilopogon chrysopogon</i>)<br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Megalaima henricii</i> (as homotypic_synonym: <i>Psilopogon henricii</i>)<br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Megalaima mystacophanos</i> (as homotypic_synonym: <i>Psilopogon mystacophanos</i>)<br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Caloramphus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Caloramphus fuliginosus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Cuculiformes <br> -  -  -  -  -  Cuculidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rhinortha</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rhinortha chlorophaea</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Centropus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Centropus bengalensis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Centropus rectunguis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Centropus sinensis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Chrysococcyx</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Chrysococcyx xanthorhynchus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Cacomantis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Cacomantis merulinus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Cacomantis sonneratii</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Zanclostomus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Zanclostomus curvirostris</i> (as synonym: <i>Phaenicophaeus curvirostris</i>)<br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rhopodytes</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rhopodytes diardi</i> (as synonym: <i>Phaenicophaeus diardi</i>)<br> -  -  -  -  <i>Hydrornis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  <i>Hydrornis baudii</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  <i>Hydrornis schwaneri</i> <br> -  -  -  Mammalia <br> -  -  -  -  Proboscidea <br> -  -  -  -  -  Elephantidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Elephas</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Elephas maximus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Rodentia <br> -  -  -  -  -  Hystricidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Trichys</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Trichys fasciculata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Hystrix</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Hystrix brachyura</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Hystrix crassispinis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Sciuridae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Callosciurus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Callosciurus notatus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Lariscus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Lariscus hosei</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rheithrosciurus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rheithrosciurus macrotis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Sundasciurus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Sundasciurus hippurus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Sundasciurus lowii</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Sundasciurus tenuis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Muridae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Chrotomys</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Chrotomys whiteheadi</i> (as homotypic_synonym: <i>Maxomys whiteheadi</i>)<br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rattus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rattus exulans</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rattus rattus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rattus tiomanicus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Maxomys</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Maxomys baeodon</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Maxomys ochraceiventer</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Maxomys rajah</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Maxomys surifer</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Niviventer</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Niviventer cremoriventer</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Sundamys</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Sundamys muelleri</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Haeromys</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Haeromys margarettae</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Leopoldamys</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Leopoldamys sabanus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Primates <br> -  -  -  -  -  Hominidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pongo</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pongo pygmaeus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Cercopithecidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Presbytis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Presbytis hosei</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Presbytis rubicunda</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Macaca</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Macaca fascicularis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Macaca nemestrina</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Carnivora <br> -  -  -  -  -  Ursidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Helarctos</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Helarctos malayanus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Viverridae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Arctictis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Arctictis binturong</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Prionodon</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Prionodon linsang</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Viverra</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Viverra tangalunga</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Hemigalus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Hemigalus derbyanus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Paguma</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Paguma larvata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Paradoxurus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Paradoxurus hermaphroditus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Mustelidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Martes</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Martes flavigula</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Lutrogale</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Lutrogale perspicillata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Aonyx</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Aonyx cinereus</i> (as synonym: <i>Amblonyx cinereus</i>)<br> -  -  -  -  -  Felidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Prionailurus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Prionailurus bengalensis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pardofelis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pardofelis marmorata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Neofelis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Neofelis diardi</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Mephitidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Mydaus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Mydaus javanensis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Herpestidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Herpestes</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Herpestes brachyurus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Herpestes semitorquatus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Erinaceomorpha <br> -  -  -  -  -  Erinaceidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Echinosorex</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Echinosorex gymnura</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Scandentia <br> -  -  -  -  -  Tupaiidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Tupaia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Tupaia glis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Tupaia gracilis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Tupaia minor</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Tupaia tana</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Pholidota <br> -  -  -  -  -  Manidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Manis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Manis javanica</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Artiodactyla <br> -  -  -  -  -  Tragulidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Tragulus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Tragulus kanchil</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Tragulus napu</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Cervidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Muntiacus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Muntiacus atherodes</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Muntiacus muntjak</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rusa</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rusa unicolor</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Suidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Sus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Sus barbatus</i> <br> -  -  -  Mammalia <br> -  -  -  -  Proboscidea <br> -  -  -  -  -  Elephantidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Elephas</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Elephas maximus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Rodentia <br> -  -  -  -  -  Hystricidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Trichys</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Trichys fasciculata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Hystrix</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Hystrix brachyura</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Hystrix crassispinis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Sciuridae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Callosciurus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Callosciurus notatus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Lariscus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Lariscus hosei</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rheithrosciurus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rheithrosciurus macrotis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Sundasciurus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Sundasciurus hippurus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Sundasciurus lowii</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Sundasciurus tenuis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Muridae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Chrotomys</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Chrotomys whiteheadi</i> (as homotypic_synonym: <i>Maxomys whiteheadi</i>)<br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rattus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rattus exulans</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rattus rattus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rattus tiomanicus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Maxomys</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Maxomys baeodon</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Maxomys ochraceiventer</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Maxomys rajah</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Maxomys surifer</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Niviventer</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Niviventer cremoriventer</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Sundamys</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Sundamys muelleri</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Haeromys</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Haeromys margarettae</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Leopoldamys</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Leopoldamys sabanus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Primates <br> -  -  -  -  -  Hominidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pongo</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pongo pygmaeus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Cercopithecidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Presbytis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Presbytis hosei</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Presbytis rubicunda</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Macaca</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Macaca fascicularis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Macaca nemestrina</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Carnivora <br> -  -  -  -  -  Ursidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Helarctos</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Helarctos malayanus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Viverridae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Arctictis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Arctictis binturong</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Prionodon</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Prionodon linsang</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Viverra</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Viverra tangalunga</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Hemigalus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Hemigalus derbyanus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Paguma</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Paguma larvata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Paradoxurus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Paradoxurus hermaphroditus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Mustelidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Martes</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Martes flavigula</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Lutrogale</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Lutrogale perspicillata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Aonyx</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Aonyx cinereus</i> (as synonym: <i>Amblonyx cinereus</i>)<br> -  -  -  -  -  Felidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Prionailurus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Prionailurus bengalensis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pardofelis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pardofelis marmorata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Neofelis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Neofelis diardi</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Mephitidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Mydaus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Mydaus javanensis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Herpestidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Herpestes</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Herpestes brachyurus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Herpestes semitorquatus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Erinaceomorpha <br> -  -  -  -  -  Erinaceidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Echinosorex</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Echinosorex gymnura</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Scandentia <br> -  -  -  -  -  Tupaiidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Tupaia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Tupaia glis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Tupaia gracilis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Tupaia minor</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Tupaia tana</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Pholidota <br> -  -  -  -  -  Manidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Manis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Manis javanica</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Artiodactyla <br> -  -  -  -  -  Tragulidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Tragulus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Tragulus kanchil</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Tragulus napu</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Cervidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Muntiacus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Muntiacus atherodes</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Muntiacus muntjak</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rusa</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rusa unicolor</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Suidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Sus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Sus barbatus</i> <br> -  -  -  Amphibia <br> -  -  -  -  Anura <br> -  -  -  -  -  Microhylidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Microhyla</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Microhyla petrigena</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Chaperina</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Chaperina fusca</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Bufonidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pedostibes</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pedostibes hosii</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Phrynoidis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Phrynoidis juxtaspera</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Ansonia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Ansonia leptopus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Ansonia spinulifer</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Megophryidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Leptolalax</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Leptolalax gracilis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Leptobrachium</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Leptobrachium abbotti</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Megophrys</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Megophrys nasuta</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Rhacophoridae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Polypedates</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Polypedates leucomystax</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Polypedates macrotis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Polypedates otilophus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rhacophorus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rhacophorus gauni</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rhacophorus harrissoni</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rhacophorus pardalis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Philautus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Philautus hosii</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Philautus tectus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Nyctixalus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Nyctixalus pictus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Dicroglossidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Ingerana</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Ingerana baluensis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Limnonectes</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Limnonectes finchi</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Limnonectes kuhlii</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Limnonectes leporinus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Limnonectes paramacrodon</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Fejervarya</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Fejervarya limnocharis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Ranidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Meristogenys</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Meristogenys orphnocnemis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Staurois</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Staurois guttatus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Staurois latopalmatus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Odorrana</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Odorrana hosii</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Hylarana</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Hylarana erythraea</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Hylarana megalonesa</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Hylarana nicobariensis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Hylarana picturata</i> <br></div><p></p>
Freshwater floodplain habitats buffer native food webs from negative effects of non-native centrarchids and bullfrogs
<p>Species introductions are common in freshwater environments, with the potential to transform community and ecosystem structure. Predatory fishes and American bullfrogs (<em>Rana catesbeiana</em> = <em>Lithobates catesbeianus</em>) are both widespread aquatic invaders implicated in native amphibian declines. In lowland ecosystems, co-occurrence between native and non-native fishes and larval amphibians appears more common than in high-elevation ecosystems, though community interactions there are poorly studied. In this study, we used stable isotope analysis of carbon (δ<sup>13</sup>C) and nitrogen (δ<sup>15</sup>N) to examine native fish and amphibian trophic structure in lowland, floodplain waterbodies with and without non-native centrarchid fishes and bullfrogs. In the presence of non-native taxa, three-spine stickleback (<em><span>Gasterosteus aculeatus</span></em>), two native salamander larvae, and one of two native frog species shifted their food resources and/or fed lower on the food web, with only one species exhibiting a decline in niche size. The observed trophic shifts reflect changes in habitat and/or food resources, which may reduce competition or predation, and promote co-occurrence. Collectively, our study suggests that the co-occurrence of native and non-native amphibians and fishes in lowland, floodplain habitats may be facilitated by broad food resource availability and complex habitat structure.</p>
Post-deposition annealing and interfacial ALD buffer layers of Sb2Se3/CdS stacks for reduced interface recombination and increased open-circuit voltages
<p>Data for the article:</p> <p>Post-deposition annealing and interfacial ALD buffer layers of Sb2Se3/CdS stacks for reduced interface recombination and increased open-circuit voltages</p>
Supplementary tables for Honey Bee symbiont buffers larvae against nutritional stress and supplements lysine
<p>Honey bees have suffered dramatic losses in recent years, largely due to multiple stressors underpinned by poor nutrition. Nutritional stress especially harms larvae, who mature into workers unable to meet the needs of their colony. In this study, we characterize the metabolic capabilities of a honey bee larvae-associated bacterium, <em>Bombella apis</em> (formerly <em>Parasaccharibacter apium</em>), and its effects on the nutritional resilience of larvae. We found that <em>B. apis</em> is the only bacterium associated with larvae that can withstand the antimicrobial larval diet. Further, we found that <em>B. apis</em> can synthesize all essential amino acids and significantly alters the amino acid content of synthetic larval diet, largely by supplying the essential amino acid lysine. Analyses of gene gain/loss across the phylogeny suggest that four amino acid transporters were gained in recent <em>B. apis</em> ancestors. In addition, the transporter LysE is conserved across all sequenced strains of <em>B. apis</em>. Finally, we tested the impact of <em>B. apis</em> on developing honey bee larvae subjected to nutritional stress and found that larvae supplemented with <em>B. apis</em> are bolstered against mass reduction despite limited nutrition. Together, these data suggest a novel role of <em>B. apis</em> as a nutritional mutualist of honey bee larvae.</p>
A gas-only bioreactor system maintains stable culture environments and reveals that moderate pH deviations trigger transcriptome-wide responses in human cells cultured in physioxia and physiological buffers
<p><span>Although pH instability is emerging as a potential driver of changes in cell physiology, pH is still poorly controlled during cell culture and in vitro experiments. Standard procedures include the use of chemicals usually not present in the primary physiological buffering system (CO<sub>2</sub>/HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>), such as acids and bases, to manipulate pH levels. This, however, leads to artifacts that potentially affect scientists' findings. </span><span>Here, we propose a novel method for controlling pH levels by relying only on the physiological buffering system. pH was manipulated in a repurposed commercial bioreactor set-up, using a two-sided control loop of CO<sub>2</sub> and N<sub>2</sub> gas in NaHCO<sub>3</sub>--buffered medium. This method produces optimal and stable dO<sub>2</sub> </span><span>profiles and tightly maintains pH levels. With this procedure, we analyzed the effects of different pH levels (6.8, 7.0, 7.2, and 7.4) on the performance and transcriptome of the human GM12878 cell line over a 72-hours experiment. Our results showed that inflammation and negative cellular proliferation are among the signatures activated at low pH. This further highlights the importance of a thorough pH control during cell culture. </span></p>
Emerging stability of forest productivity by mixing two species buffers temperature destabilizing effect
<p><span>The increasing disturbances in monocultures around the world </span><span>are</span><span> testimony to their instability under global change. Many studies have claimed that temporal stability of productivity increase with species richness, although the ecological fundaments have mainly been investigated through diversity experiments. To adequately manage forest ecosystems, it is necessary to have a comprehensive understanding of the effect of mixing species on the temporal stability of productivity and the way in which this it is influenced by climate conditions across large geographical areas. </span></p> <p><span>Here, we </span><span>used a unique dataset of 261 stands combining pure and two-species mixtures of four relevant tree species over a wide range of climate conditions in Europe to examine the effect of species mixing on the level and temporal stability of productivity. </span><span>Structural equation modelling was employed to further explore the direct and</span> <span>indirect influence of</span><span> climate</span><span>, overyielding, species asynchrony and additive effect (i.e. temporal stability expected from the species growth in monospecific stands) on temporal stability in mixed forests. </span></p> <p><span>We showed that by adding only one tree species to monocultures</span><span>,</span><span> the level (overyielding: +6%) </span><span>and </span><span>stability (temporal stability: +12%) of stand growth increased significantly. We </span><span>identified </span><span>the key effect of temperature on destabilizing stand growth, which may be mitigated by mixing species. We further </span><span>confirmed</span><span> asynchrony as </span><span>the </span><span>main driver of temporal stability in mixed stands, through both the additive effect and species interactions, which modify between-species asynchrony in mixtures in comparison to monocultures. </span></p> <p><span>Synthesis and applications</span><span>.</span> <span>This study highlights the emergent properties associated with mixing two-species, which result in resource efficient and temporally stable production systems. We reveal the negative impact of mean temperature on temporal stability of forest productivity and how the stabilizing effect of mixing two species can counterbalance this impact. </span><span>The overyielding and temporal stability of growth addressed in this paper are essential for ecosystem services closely linked with the level and rhythm of forest growth. </span><span>Our results underline that mixing two species can be a realistic and effective nature-based climate solution, which could contribute towards meeting EU climate target policies. </span></p>
Data from: Access to resources buffers against effects of current reproduction on future ability to provide care in a burying beetle
<p>Studies investigating the trade-off between current and future reproduction often find that increased allocation to current reproduction is associated with a reduction in the number or quality of future offspring. In species that provide parental care, this effect on future offspring may be mediated through a reduced future ability to provide care. Here, we test this idea in the burying beetle <em>Nicrophorus vespilloides</em>, a species in which parents shift the cost of reproduction towards future offspring and provide elaborate parental care. We manipulated brood size to alter the costs females experienced in association with current reproduction and measured the level of parental care during a subsequent breeding attempt. Given that these beetles breed on carcasses of small vertebrates, it is important to consider confounding effects due to benefits associated with resource access during breeding. We therefore manipulated access to carrion and measured the level of parental care during a subsequent breeding attempt. We found that females provided the same level of care regardless of previous brood size and resource access, suggesting that neither affected future ability to provide care. This may reflect that parents feed on carrion during breeding, which may buffer against any costs of previous breeding attempts. Our results show that increased allocation to current reproduction is not necessarily associated with a reduction in future ability to provide care. Nevertheless, this may reflect unique aspects of our study system, and we encourage future work on systems where parents do not have access to a rich resource during breeding.</p>
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.