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83 results for “bycatch”
Drivers of spatiotemporal variability in bycatch of a top marine predator: First evidence for the role of water turbidity in protected species bycatch
1. Bycatch of protected species in static net fisheries is a global conservation concern and is currently considered the dominant anthropogenic threat to many marine mammal species worldwide. Effective bycatch mitigation remains challenging, contingent on an understanding of the underlying mechanisms that cause individuals to become entangled. 2. We combined data collected by scientific observers and fishers to identify predictors of seal bycatch in static net fisheries along the west, southwest, and south coasts of Ireland. We first analysed the broad regional and seasonal trends in seal bycatch before identifying environmental variables that could potentially explain these patterns. 3. Based on negative binomial generalised linear mixed effects models, the rate of seal bycatch significantly varied with season and region, and decreased at greater distances to major seal colonies and lower water turbidity. 4. Synthesis and applications. Our results suggest that distance to major seal colonies was a significant driver of the observed regional differences in seal bycatch rates, and water turbidity a major driver of seasonal trends. These findings will enable us to identify future bycatch risk and target mitigation measures accordingly. This is the first study to identify the effect of water turbidity on bycatch of a protected marine species. Increasing net visibility in turbid waters may provide a novel approach to mitigating against protected species bycatch in static net fisheries.05-Nov-2019
Fisheries bycatch mitigation measures as an efficient tool for the conservation of seabird populations
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>The impact of industrial fisheries on marine biodiversity is conspicuous in large pelagic vertebrate fisheries bycatch. In seabirds, this led to the decline of many populations since the 1980s following the rise of global fishing efforts. Bycatch mitigation measures were implemented in the 2000s, but their effects on the concerned seabird populations remain poorly quantified and understood.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span>We studied the effects of bycatch mitigation measures on the demography of the white-chinned petrel, one of the most bycatch impacted seabirds whose populations suffered dramatic declines before the implementation of mitigation measures. To do so we 1) built multi-event capture-recapture models to estimate the demographic parameters of a population from Possession Island (southern Indian Ocean) over thirty years, 2) assessed the effect of climate and fishery covariates on demographic parameters, 3) built a population matrix model to estimate stochastic growth rate according to the management in fisheries bycatch, and 4) estimated changes in breeding population density using distance sampling data.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span>The population declined from the 1980s to the mid-2000s, while trawl and longline fisheries occurred with no bycatch mitigation measures. The negative effects of fishery bycatch through additive mortality and of rat predation on breeding success were likely the main drivers of this decline.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span>Both modeled population growth rate and observed breeding densities showed an increase since the mid-2000s. We explained this trend by the improvement in survival probability following implementation of fishery bycatch mitigation measures and in breeding success probability with the local control of the rat population and changes in sea ice conditions on foraging grounds.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span>Synthesis and applications: We provide a holistic approach to assess the effects of management measures by analysing datasets from sampling methods commonly employed in seabirds studies. Our conclusions should encourage the eradication of invasive predatory species in seabirds breeding areas and the strengthening of bycatch mitigation measures for the vulnerable seabird species, especially in international waters, but also the development of such measures considering the other marine large pelagic species threatened by fisheries bycatch (sharks, rays, turtles and marine mammals) since it could be crucial to avoid populations' extinction.</span></p>
Fig. 1 in Sustainability of capture of fish bycatch in the prawn trawling in northeastern Brazil
Fig. 1. Map of northwestern Brazil showing location of study area in São Cristóvão beach.
Figure 4 in Mollusk bycatch in trawl fisheries targeting the Atlantic seabob shrimp Xiphopenaeus kroyeri on the coast of Sergipe, northeastern Brazil
Figure 4. Cephalopoda bycatch of trawl fisheries targeting Xiphopenaeus kroyeri on coast of Sergipe: (A) Callistoctopus macropus, (B) Lolliguncula brevis. Scale bars:1 cm.
Figure 2 in Mollusk bycatch in trawl fisheries targeting the Atlantic seabob shrimp Xiphopenaeus kroyeri on the coast of Sergipe, northeastern Brazil
Figure 2. Gastropoda bycatch of trawl fisheries targeting Xiphopenaeus kroyeri on coast of Sergipe: (A) Architectonica nobilis, (B) Bulla striata, (C) Crepidula plana, (D) Crepidula protea, (E) Cancellaria reticulata, (F) Tonna galea, (G) Columbella mercatoria, (H) Erosaria acicularis, (I) Macrocypraea zebra, (J) Charonia variegate, (K) Siratus sp., (L) Phyllonotus oculatus, (M) Siratus senegalensis, (N) Stramonita brasiliensis, (O) Distorsio clathrata, (P) Terebra taurina, (Q) Lobatus gallus, (R) Vasum cassiforme, (S) Voluta ebraea, (T) Xenophora conchyliophora. Scale bars: A-E, G-H, K-O = 5 mm; F, I-J, P-Q, S-T = 10 mm.
Figure 1 in Mollusk bycatch in trawl fisheries targeting the Atlantic seabob shrimp Xiphopenaeus kroyeri on the coast of Sergipe, northeastern Brazil
Figure 1. Map of study area showing sampling stations and transects on continental shelf off state of Sergipe.
Figure 3 in Mollusk bycatch in trawl fisheries targeting the Atlantic seabob shrimp Xiphopenaeus kroyeri on the coast of Sergipe, northeastern Brazil
Figure 3. Bivalvia bycatch of trawl fisheries targeting Xiphopenaeus kroyeri on coast of Sergipe: (A) Anadara chemnitzii, (B) Acrosterigma magnum, (C) Arca zebra, (D) Chama sp., (E-F) Arcinella brasiliana, (G) Mulinia cleryana, (H) Spathochlamys benedicti, (I) Psammotella cruenta, (J) Pteria colymbus, (K) Pitar aresta, (L) Eurytellina punicea. Scale bars: A-B, E-F, I-J, L = 5 mm; C-D, G-H, K = 2 mm.
Origins of green turtle fishery bycatch in the Central Pacific revealed by mixed genetic markers
<p>Longline fishing vessels, such as those that target tuna or billfish, also unintentionally catch endangered marine turtle species on the high seas. The stock composition of this bycatch is often unknown but potentially complex, with individuals coming from many possible origins on an ocean-basin scale. To better understand the stock composition of green turtle (<em>Chelonia</em> <em>mydas</em>) bycatch, we obtained 46 turtles, 27–78 cm in curved carapace length, caught by Hawaii- and American Samoa-based pelagic longline fishing vessels across large areas of the North- and South-central Pacific. We genotyped these at nine microsatellite loci and one mitochondrial DNA marker and used a baseline of 1,043 nesting female green turtles from beaches across the Pacific for population assignment and mixed-stock analysis. By analyzing both marker types jointly we were able to increase power and genetically resolve ten baseline stocks of nesting females with mean self-assignment and simulated accuracies of 75–97%. Above the Equator, green turtle bycatch was composed mostly of individuals from Hawaiian and Eastern Pacific stocks, with a small number from the Western Pacific. Below the Equator, the most common stocks in the bycatch were from Australia and the Coral Sea, American Samoa and French Polynesia, and the Galápagos Islands. Overall, turtles originating from East, West, and Central Pacific breeding populations were major components of the bycatch, suggesting that the geographic ranges of these populations overlap across large tracts of ocean during the pelagic life history stages.</p>
Mitigating bycatch in trammel net fisheries using species-specific gear modifications
<p>Small-scale fisheries (SSF) use static gears like hanging nets, which are thought to interact with marine ecosystems more benignly than towed gears. Despite this, trammel nets, one of the most regularly used fishing gears in the Mediterranean SSF, generate large amounts of discards, which can account for 25% or more of the captured biomass. Discarded organisms may include endangered or threatened species such as elasmobranchs, as well as non-commercial invertebrates that damage fishing gear or cause disentanglement delays. We tested various trammel-net gear modifications, including (a) the use of a guarding net attached to the footrope, (b) increasing the size of the rigging twine between the footrope and the netting panel, and (c) decreasing the mesh size of the outer panels. The last two modifications were successful in lowering captures of the marbled electric ray Torpedo marmorata, which is commonly discarded in the study area. Both sorts of modifications are relatively simple and inexpensive to implement. The current study shows that prior evaluation of the discards profile of distinct métiers is essential to accomplish species-specific gear modifications and underlines the importance of collaboration among scientists, fishers and gear manufacturers.</p>
Iceland Lumpfish 2022 Bycatch Mitigation Trials
<p>Database and R File from Seabird Bycatch Mitigation Trials in the Icelandic Lumpfish fishery (2022). Testing of Looming-eyes buoys and analysis of depth based measures. Project supported by the Marine Stewardship Council, Ocean Stewardship Fund – Science and Research Fund.</p>
Fisheries bycatch mitigation measures as an efficient tool for the conservation of seabird populations
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Use of rapid assessments of Humboldt penguin Spheniscus humboldti bycatch in Peru and Chile to help identify conservation priorities
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Origins of green turtle fishery bycatch in the Central Pacific revealed by mixed genetic markers
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Data from: Problems with combining modelling and social science approaches to understand artisanal fisheries bycatch
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Drivers of spatiotemporal variability in bycatch of a top marine predator: First evidence for the role of water turbidity in protected species bycatch
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Mitigating bycatch in trammel net fisheries using species-specific gear modifications
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Tape lures swell bycatch on a Mediterranean island harbouring illegal bird trapping
<p>Mediterranean islands provide shelter and sustenance for millions of migrating birds each year. Humans have historically exploited bird migration through hunting. In Cyprus, trapping birds during their migratory peak is considered a tradition, but has long been against the law. Illegal bird trapping is lucrative, however, with trappers using tape lures that broadcast birdsong to increase capture rates. It results in the slaughter of millions of birds each year. Yet, scientific studies quantifying capture rates of target and nontarget species using methods employed by trappers are lacking. Here, we show using playback experiments that tape lures lead to an order of magnitude greater capture rates of target species, but also significantly increase bycatch, which may include species of conservation concern. Conservation efforts focusing on minimizing illegal bird killing should also consider tape lures and their contribution to the overall impact of trapping on avian populations.</p>
Data from: Genetic stock composition of marine bycatch reveals disproportional impacts on depleted river herring genetic stocks
Bycatch of mid-trophic level anadromous fishes that connect marine and freshwater ecosystems is a growing conservation concern. Anadromous alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) and blueback herring (A. aestivalis) are important components of coastal freshwater and marine food webs, but have experienced dramatic declines in the abundances of spawning adults. Freshwater-focused restoration efforts have yielded few consistent signs of recovery; raising concerns that bycatch in Northwest Atlantic commercial fisheries may be negating these conservation actions. Using data from 15 microsatellites genotyped for baseline populations and bycatch, we conducted genetic stock identification to understand how bycatch was partitioned among previously identified regional genetic stocks. We then combined this information with fishery observer data to estimate genetic stock-specific bycatch mortality for the southern New England Atlantic herring fishery (2012-2013). Bycatch overall, but especially in the Atlantic herring fishery, was disproportionately assigned to the most severely depleted genetic stocks (alewife Southern New England stock – 70% of assignments; blueback herring Mid-Atlantic stock – 78% of assignments). These genetic stocks overlap in the region surrounding Long Island Sound, suggesting that bycatch taken from this area in recent years may be negatively impacting recovery efforts in this region. Our study suggests that mitigating bycatch on the southern New England fishing grounds may benefit recovery efforts for alewife and blueback herring genetic stocks that have experienced the greatest declines in spawning adult abundances.
Data from: Elasmobranch bycatch in the demersal prawn trawl fishery in the Gulf of Papua, Papua New Guinea
The elasmobranch bycatch of the Gulf of Papua Prawn Fishery is investigated in detail for the first time. Fisheries observers collected data on the elasmobranch bycatch from a total of 403 trawl sets (1,273 hrs) in the Gulf of Papua. A total of 40 species of elasmobranchs were recorded ranging in size from a 12 cm disc width stingray to a 350 cm total length sawfish. High mortality rates were recorded (>80%), attributed to the long trawl durations (up to 4 hours). The future inclusion of bycatch reduction devices would likely reduce the number of larger elasmobranchs being caught and is being investigation by the PNG National Fisheries Authority. Differences in catch compositions were detected across the management zones as well as between the two monsoonal seasons (SE Monsoon and NW Monsoon). Increased monitoring and additional research is required and management plans should address the elasmobranch bycatch and in particular their high mortality rate.
Figure 1 in Bycatch of Asteroidea from shrimp trawl fishery in the southwestern Atlantic Ocean - Brazil
Figure 1. Map of the study area of Marine Protected of the Santana Archipelago, Macaé (RJ).
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