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741 results for “chicken”
Reduction of chickens use to perform in vitro pre-screening of novel anticoccidials by miniaturisation and increased throughput of the current Eimeria tenella compound-screening model
<p>In vitro models have supported important advances in biomedical sciences and have significantly contributed to reduce the use of experimental animals in different disciplines. We have developed an in vitro model for the evaluation of potential anticoccidial properties of novel compounds aimed to control chicken coccidiosis, a costly disease for the poultry industry. This disease is caused by protozoan parasites of the genus <em>Eimeria</em> (Apicomplexa), and it is mainly controlled by chemoprophylaxis with ionophors and chemical anticoccidials; however, there is an overall agreement about the limitation of these classical drugs and the need to improve current methods of control. Anticoccidial activities of novel compounds is currently evaluated by expensive experiments that involve large numbers of chickens. The use of our in vitro model for the pre-screening of essential oils led to a reduction of 67% of the chickens used in the vivo trials for validation. In this study, we describe how further optimisation of this in vitro model by miniaturisation can have an additional impact on the number of chickens used for the generation of parasite stocks for provision of the in vitro model (which cannot be done in vitro). We have estimated that the use of one chicken could support the evaluation of ten compounds with a 96-well plate format vs. only two with a 24-well plate format, which means an 80% of chicken use reduction. In this study, we have proved that the miniaturisation into a 96-well plate format has perfectly mimicked the invasion and replication observed before in the 24-well plate format. In addition, this format has allowed the simultaneous pre-screening of higher numbers of anticoccidial drugs at different concentrations following streamlined protocols in a more cost-effective way, factors that are beneficial for a wider uptake of the model by other researchers investigating anticoccidial compounds. </p>
Chicken Thief - Koepenick
This copy of the Statue is located in the castle park in Berlin Koepenick. The original is a fountain figure in Aachen made by Hermann Joachim Pagels in 1913 Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Figure 1 in Quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis of chicken DF-1 cells infected with Eimeria tenella, using tandem mass tag (TMT) and parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) mass spectrometry
Figure 1. Proportion of serine, threonine, and tyrosine in phosphorylation sites.
Multi-omics analysis reveals regime shifts in the gastrointestinal ecosystem in chickens following anticoccidial vaccination and Eimeria tenella challenge
<p>A multi-omics study integrating gut microbiota and host metabolome to investigate the gastrointestinal health markers in broiler chickens (Cobb500) from an anti-coccidiosis vaccine trial.</p>
Fig. 2 in Cultural association and its role in garnering support for conservation: the case of the Mountain Chicken Frog on Dominica
Fig. 2. The photo boards used in the questionnaire survey.
Fig. 3 in Cultural association and its role in garnering support for conservation: the case of the Mountain Chicken Frog on Dominica
Fig. 3. Species selected by residents of Dominica to eat, conserve, and support on their island.
Metadata: In-ovo stimulation trains innate immunity to mitigate Campylobacter jejuni in broiler chickens
<p><span><span>Metadata of the paper investigating the physiological and genomic responses of these <em>in-ovo </em>stimulated chickens to <em>Campylobacter jejuni </em>infection. </span> </span></p>
In-vitro selection of lactic acid bacteria to combat Salmonella enterica and Campylobacter jejuni in broiler chickens
<p><em><span>In-vitro</span></em><span> selection of LAB strains for antimicrobial applications in livestock production required specific focus on certain LAB strains. Accordingly, six commercial LAB strains (homofermentative, obligatory heterofermentative and facultative heterofermentative) belonging to different genera, were chosen for screening against strains of <em>Salmonella </em>and <em>Campylobacter jejuni </em>under <em>in-vitro </em>conditions.</span></p> <p> </p>
Prophybiotics for in-ovo stimulation; validation of effects on guthealth and production of broiler chickens.
<p><span>The current study was conducted to validate the effects of <em>in-ovo </em>application of the selected prophybiotic (<em>L. mesenteroides + </em>garlic aqueous extract) as opposed to the use of probiotics alone on the gut health and production parameters of ROSS308 broiler chickens. <span> </span>To our knowledge, our study is the first to use a prophybiotic combination as well as a <em>Leuconostoc mesenteroides </em>strain in an <em>in-ovo </em>application in poultry.</span></p>
Modulation of gene expression in immune related organs by in-ovo stimulation with probiotics and prophybiotics in broiler chickens
<p><span>The current study was performed to further investigate the tissue specific immune modulation and metabolic gene regulation of these <em>in-ovo</em> stimulated chickens. Accordingly, the expression of immune related genes was determined in the secondary immune organs, cecal tonsils and the spleen as well as the liver which is an important organ for both the immune system and metabolism. Additionally, the expression of the genes related to metabolism was also analyzed in the liver.</span></p>
FIGURE 3 in Contrasted Ecological Repartition Of The Northern Fowl Mite Ornithonyssus Sylviarum (Mesostigmata: Macronyssidae) And The Chicken Red Mite Dermanyssus Gallinae (Mesostigmata: Dermanyssidae)
FIGURE 3: COI-based phylogenetic topologie involving all haplotypes isolated in Roy et al. (2009b), plus sequences newly obtained from French and North American Ornithonyssus sylviarum and from North American Dermanyssus individuals. Maximum-likelihood (PHYML). Numbers at nodes represent aLRT values.
FIGURE 2 in Contrasted Ecological Repartition Of The Northern Fowl Mite Ornithonyssus Sylviarum (Mesostigmata: Macronyssidae) And The Chicken Red Mite Dermanyssus Gallinae (Mesostigmata: Dermanyssidae)
FIGURE 2: Percentage of samples containing identified hematophagous mites, according to the type of environment. Solid bar: wild avifauna (n=166), grey bar: industrial fowl (layer and chicken farms) (n=132), open bar: other domestic birds (n=12).
FIGURE 1 in Contrasted Ecological Repartition Of The Northern Fowl Mite Ornithonyssus Sylviarum (Mesostigmata: Macronyssidae) And The Chicken Red Mite Dermanyssus Gallinae (Mesostigmata: Dermanyssidae)
FIGURE 1: Location of samples collected in France and containing either Dermanyssus. gallinae s. str. (ie non L1) (solid dots) or Ornithonissus sylviarum (open dots). The shape of dots represents environmental information: circle for industrial fowls, triangle for amateur fowl houses, trapezoid for pet bird breeding facilities, square for game bird breeding facilities, 5-branch star for wild avifauna not sampled in orchard/field agroecosystems, 8-branch star for wild avifauna sampled in orchard/field agroecosystems. IF industrial fowl farms, AF amateur breeding facilities, fowl, PB amateur breeding facilities, pet birds, BG amateur breeding facilities, game birds, WA wild avifauna sampled in orchard or field agroecosystems, WNA, wild avifauna not sampled in orchard or field agroecosystem.
CDR3 sequences of germ-free and conventional chickens
<p>Microbial colonisation is paramount to the normal development of the immune system, particularly at mucosal sites. However, the relationships between the microbiome and the adaptive immune repertoire have mostly been explored in rodents and humans. Here, we report a high-throughput sequencing analysis of the chicken TCRβ repertoire and the influences of microbial colonisation on tissue-resident TCRβ+ cells. The results reveal that the microbiome is an important driver of TCRβ diversity in both intestinal tissues and the bursa of Fabricius, but not in the spleen. Of note, public TCRβ sequences (shared across individuals) make a substantial contribution to the repertoire. Additionally, different tissues exhibit biases in terms of their V family and J gene usage, and these effects were influenced by the gut-associated microbiome. TCRβ clonal expansions were identified in both colonised and germ-free birds, but differences between the groups were indicative of an influence of the microbiota. Together, these findings provide insight into the avian adaptive immune system and the influence of the microbiota on the TCRβ repertoire.</p>
High‐resolution genomic analysis of four local Vietnamese chicken breeds
<p>A total of 96 individuals were sampled from four populations of Vietnamese local chickens (28 Ho, 32 Dong Tao, 18 Mong, and 18 Mia) distributed in four provinces (Bac Ninh, Hung Yen, Ha Nam, and Hanoi, respectively) in the North of Vietnam. All individuals were from the same conservation program in Vietnam, originating from either private farms or public institutions involved in this program. Neither pedigree nor phenotypic information was available. We used stratified sampling for flocks, ensuring a distance of at least 500 m between the selected flocks and random sampling of one or two individuals in each selected flock. Genomic DNA was extracted from the blood samples of all chickens. The HD array for chickens allows for the simultaneous genotyping of approximately 580,000 SNPs. This array comprises SNPs on 28 autosomal chromosomes, two sex chromosomes (Z and W for poultry), and two linkage groups (LGE64 and LGE 22C19W28). Only SNPs on the 28 autosomes were considered in the present study. The SNPs with more than 10% missing genotypes or minor allele frequencies lower than 1% were removed, yielding a consensus panel of 454,297 autosomal SNPs for the analysis of population genetic structure.</p> <p>We applied a second quality control within each breed. Specifically, SNPs with within-breed minor allelic frequencies lower than 0.05 or SNPs with significant (P < 0.0001) deviation from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were filtered out. This second filter led to 368,652, 383,792, 405,535, and 432,631 SNPs for Ho, Dong Tao, Mong, and Mia breeds, respectively. Of note, removing monomorphic SNPs within breeds may lead to the elimination of SNPs that are polymorphic across breeds. Due to the large number of available SNPs, we did not consider the potential effect of these filtered markers as important for subsequent analyses. Genetic diversity analyses were performed on the remaining 308,307 SNPs shared by all four breeds.</p>
Lesser prairie-chicken habitat selection and survival relative to a wind energy facility located in a fragmented landscape
<p>The overlap of renewable wind energy with the range of lesser prairie-chickens (<em>Tympanuchus</em> <em>pallidicinctus</em>) raises concern of population declines and habitat loss. Lesser prairie-chickens are adversely affected by landscape change, however, it is unclear how this species may respond to wind energy development. Therefore, managers and wind energy developers are currently tasked with making management or siting recommendations of future wind energy facilities based on lesser prairie-chicken behavioral responses to other forms of anthropogenic development or responses of other grouse species to wind energy development. The current strategy of siting wind turbines in cultivated cropland within lesser prairie-chicken range has not been evaluated for its effectiveness at minimizing potential adverse impacts. We captured 60 female and 66 male lesser prairie-chicken from leks located along a gradient from wind turbines in southern Kansas, USA, from 2017–2021. Over the study period, we collected lesser prairie-chicken location data and demographic information to evaluate resource selection, movements, and demography relative to environmental predictors and metrics associated with the wind energy facility. Lesser prairie-chickens used habitats in close proximity to wind turbines, provided that turbine density was low; however, avoidance associated with cultivated cropland appeared to be more predictive than the presence of wind turbines. We observed movement between turbines suggesting that wind turbines did not act as a barrier to local movements. We did not detect an influence of wind turbines on nest success or individual survival during breeding or non-breeding periods, a relationship that is consistent among multiple grouse species using habitats near wind energy infrastructure. Additional research is necessary to evaluate impacts associated with wind energy development in intact lesser prairie-chicken habitats, but placing wind turbines in cultivated croplands or other fragmented landscapes appears to be an important siting measure when considering wind energy facility siting across the lesser prairie-chicken range.</p>
Data from: the Siam chicken bioresource project: genetic diversity and origin of Thai chicken breeds
<p>Three separate studies have delved into the genetic characteristics, origins, and unique attributes of various chicken breeds in Thailand, providing crucial insights for future breeding programs.</p> <p>The first study focused on Chee Fah and Fah Luang, black-boned chicken breeds in Chiang Rai, Thailand. Despite their economic and cultural significance, little was known about their genetics. Mitochondrial DNA D-loop sequencing and microsatellite genotyping revealed shared genetic heritage with Chinese black-boned chickens, suggesting their origin. Distinct genetic patterns were identified compared to Thai domestic chickens and red junglefowl, indicating crossbreeding and introgression during domestication. Interestingly, the Chee Fah and Fah Luang chickens from different localities exhibited different gene pool structures, possibly influenced by environmental factors like elevation.</p> <p>The second study centered on the Mae Hong Son chicken, a local breed in Northern Thailand. Genetic analyses, including microsatellite markers and mitochondrial D-loop sequencing, unveiled high genetic diversity and unique allelic gene pool patterns. This breed likely originated as a crossbreed between red junglefowl and Thai indigenous village chickens, adapting to local environmental, social, and cultural conditions.</p> <p>The third study examined Lao Pa Koi (LPK) chickens, a popular fighting breed in Thailand. Genetic diversity assessments using microsatellite markers and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) D-loop sequences confirmed high variability and genetic admixture between red junglefowl and Thai domestic chickens. Spatial suitability analysis highlighted the importance of elevation in shaping LPK chicken distribution.</p> <p>In conclusion, these studies collectively enhance our understanding of the genetic foundations, origins, and adaptation of diverse chicken breeds in Thailand. This knowledge is crucial for developing effective breeding programs and preserving these valuable genetic resources.</p>
Baba Yaga's Hut-on-chicken's-legs (WIP)
Charachter of russian native fairy tales. Baba Yaga is old witch that live in chicken leged cabin (izbushka) and uses mortar to fly around. The cabin is also a gate between the otherworld and living world. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
In vitro assessment of Bacillus subtilis DSM29784 secreted metabolites on gut chicken microbiota
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Data from: Chicken gut microbiome members limit the spread of an antimicrobial resistance plasmid in Escherichia coli
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.