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151 results for “chromosome evolution”
X chromosome drive is constrained by sexual selection and influences ornament evolution
<p>Experimental evolution provides an integrative method for revealing complex interactions among evolutionary processes. One such interaction involves sex-linked selfish genetic elements and sexual selection. X-linked segregation distorters, a type of selfish genetic element, influence sperm transmission to increase in frequency and consequently alter the population sex ratio and the opportunity for sexual selection, while sexual selection may impact the spread of X-linked distorters. Here we manipulated sexual selection by controlling female mating opportunities and the presence of a distorting X chromosome in experimental lines of the stalk-eyed fly, Teleopsis dalmanni , over 11 generations . We find that removal of sexual selection leads to an increase in the frequency of the X-linked distorter and sex ratio across generations and that post-copulatory sexual selection alone is sufficient to limit the frequency of distorters. In addition, we find that male eyestalk length, a trait under pre-copulatory sexual selection, evolves in response to changes in the strength of sexual selection with the magnitude of the response dependent on X chromosome type and the frequency of distorting X chromosomes. These results reveal how a selfish X can interact with sexual selection to influence the evolution of sexually selected traits in multiple ways.</p>
Data from: Chromosome-level genome of the melon thrips yields insights into evolution of a sap-sucking lifestyle and pesticide resistance
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Chromosome-level assemblies of the Pieris mannii butterfly genome suggest Z-origin and rapid evolution of the W chromosome
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Data from: The role of breakpoint mutations, supergene effects, and ancient nested rearrangements in the evolution of adaptive chromosome inversions in the yellow monkey flower, Mimulus guttatus
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Bryozoan genomes reveal extensive chromosome rearrangement and the evolution of bilaterian genome structure
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Data from: Ancestral reconstruction of sunflower karyotypes reveals non-random chromosomal evolution
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Repeated sex chromosome evolution in vertebrates supported by expanded avian sex chromosomes
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Heterogeneous evolution of sex chromosomes in the torrent frog genus Amolops
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Evolution of chromosome number in wild onions (Allium, Amaryllidaceae)
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Chromosome-level genome assembly of Dynastes reidi reveals structural evolution of autosomes and the sex chromosomes in Hercules Beetles
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Selfish chromosomal drive shapes recent centromeric histone evolution in monkeyflowers
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Chromosomal evolution, environmental heterogeneity, and migration drive spatial patterns of species richness in Calochortus (Liliaceae)
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X chromosome drive is constrained by sexual selection and influences ornament evolution
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Widespread recombination suppression facilitates plant sex chromosome evolution
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Lineage-specific patterns of chromosome evolution are the rule not the exception in Polyneoptera insects
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Data from: Evolution of multiple sex-chromosomes associated with dynamic genome reshuffling in Leptidea wood-white butterflies
<p>Sex chromosome systems tend to be highly conserved and knowledge about their evolution typically comes from macroevolutionary inferences. Rapidly evolving complex sex chromosome systems represent a rare opportunity to study the mechanisms of sex chromosome evolution at unprecedented resolution. Three cryptic species of wood white butterflies – <i><span>Leptidea juvernica</span></i>, <i><span>L. sinapis</span></i>, and <i><span>L. reali</span></i> – have each a unique set of multiple sex chromosomes with 3–4 W and 3–4 Z chromosomes. Using a transcriptome-based microarray for comparative genomic hybridization (array-CGH) and a library of bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones, both developed in <i><span>L. juvernica</span></i>, we identified Z-linked <i><span>Leptidea</span></i> orthologs of <i><span>Bombyx mori</span></i> genes and mapped them by fluorescence <i><span>in situ</span></i> hybridization (FISH) with BAC probes on multiple Z chromosomes. In all three species, we determined synteny blocks of autosomal origin and reconstructed the evolution of multiple sex chromosomes. In addition, we identified W-homologs of Z-linked orthologs and characterized their molecular differentiation. Our results suggest that the multiple sex chromosome system evolved in a common ancestor of these three <i><span>Leptidea</span></i> species as a result of dynamic genome reshuffling through repeated rearrangements between the sex chromosomes and autosomes, including translocations and fissions. Thus, the sex chromosome turnover could not play a role in reproductive isolation between the <i><span>Leptidea </span></i>species studied. However, we suggest that subsequent species-specific rearrangements of multiple sex chromosomes, along with different rates of neo-W chromosome degeneration and significantly increased number of Z-linked genes could accelerate the accumulation of genetic incompatibilities between populations and promote their divergence resulting in speciation.</p>
Dynamic evolution of euchromatic satellites on the X chromosome in Drosophila melanogaster and the simulans clade
ABSTRACTSatellite DNAs (satDNAs) are among the most dynamically evolving components of eukaryotic genomes and play important roles in genome regulation, genome evolution, and speciation. Despite their abundance and functional impact, we know little about the evolutionary dynamics and molecular mechanisms that shape satDNA distributions in genomes. Here we use high-quality genome assemblies to study evolutionary dynamics of two complex satDNAs, Rsp-like and 1.688 gm/cm3, in Drosophila melanogaster and its three nearest relatives in the simulans clade. We show that large blocks of these repeats are highly dynamic in the heterochromatin, where their genomic location varies across species. We discovered that small blocks of satDNA that are abundant in X chromosome euchromatin are similarly dynamic, with repeats changing in abundance, location, and composition among species. We detail the proliferation of a rare satellite (Rsp-like) across the X chromosome in D. simulans and D. mauritiana. Rsp-like spreads by inserting into existing clusters of the older, more abundant 1.688 satellite, in events that were likely facilitated by microhomology-mediated repair pathways. We show that Rsp-like is abundant on extrachromosomal circular DNA in D. simulans, which may have contributed to its dynamic evolution. Intralocus satDNA expansions via unequal exchange and the movement of higher-order repeats also contribute to the fluidity of the repeat landscape. We find evidence that euchromatic satDNA repeats experience cycles of proliferation and diversification somewhat analogous to bursts of transposable element proliferation. Our study lays a foundation for mechanistic studies of satDNA proliferation and the functional and evolutionary consequences of satDNA movement.
Data from: Chromosome-level genome assembly of Paralithodes platypus provides insights into evolution and adaptation of king crabs
<p>The blue king crab, <i>Paralithodes platypus</i>, which belongs to the Lithodidae family, is a commercially and ecologically important species. However, a high-quality reference genome for the king crab has not yet been reported. Here, we assembled the first chromosome-level blue king crab genome, which contains 104 chromosomes and an N50 length of 51.15 Mb. Furthermore, we determined that the large genome size can be attributed to the insertion of long interspersed nuclear elements and long tandem repeats. Genome assembly assessment showed that 96.54% of the assembled transcripts could be aligned to the assembled genome. Phylogenetic analysis showed the blue king crab to have a close relationship with the Eubrachyura crabs, from which it diverged 272.5 million years ago. Population history analyses indicated that the effective population of the blue king crab declined sharply and then gradually increased from the Cretaceous and Neogene periods, respectively. Furthermore, gene families related to developmental pathways, steroid and thyroid hormone synthesis, and inflammatory regulation, were expanded in the genome, suggesting that these genes contributed substantially to the environmental adaptation and unique body plan evolution of the blue king crab. The high-quality reference genome reported here provides a solid molecular basis for further study of the blue king crab's development and environmental adaptation.</p>
Chromosome‐level genome assembly of Lethenteron reissneri provides insights into lamprey evolution
<p>The reissner lamprey<i> Lethenteron reissneri</i> belonging to Cyclostomata, serves as a bridge between invertebrates and jawed vertebrates, and is considered the most direct ancestor of vertebrates. However, the genetic mechanisms underlying the adaptive evolution of lampreys remain unclear. Here, we supplied the genome data and annotation data of <em>Lethenteron reissneri</em>. Total 5 files were uploaded, including the assembled genome of <i>Lethenteron reissneri</i>, the gene annotation file in gff format, the gene function annotation file, the LIP gene sequences of 50 species used in the article, and the readme file. This study not only provides the first chromosome-level reference genome in Cyclostomata, but also indicates the unique biology and adaptive evolution of lampreys.</p>
Data from: Footprints of adaptive evolution revealed by whole Z chromosomes haplotypes in flycatchers
Detecting positive selection using genomic data is critical to understanding the role of adaptive evolution. Of particular interest in this context is sex chromosomes since they are thought to play a special role in local adaptation and speciation. We sought to circumvent the challenges associated with statistical phasing when using haplotype-based statistics in sweep scans by benefitting from that whole-chromosome haplotypes of the sex chromosomes can be obtained by re-sequencing of individuals of the hemizygous sex. We analyzed whole Z chromosome haplotypes from 100 females from several populations of four black and white flycatcher species (in birds, females are ZW and males ZZ). Based on integrated haplotype score (iHS) and number of segregating sites by length (nSL) statistics, we found strong and frequent haplotype structure in several regions of the Z chromosome in each species. Most of these sweep signalswere population-specific, with essentially no evidence for regions under selection shared among species. Some completed sweeps were revealed by the cross-population extended haplotype homozygosity (XP-EHH) statistic. Importantly, by using statistically phased Z chromosome data from re-sequencing of males, we failed to recover the signals of selection detected in analyses based on whole-chromosome haplotypes from females; instead, what likely represent false signals of selection were frequently seen. This highlights the power issues in statistical phasing and cautions against conclusions from selection scans using such data. The detection of frequent selective sweeps on the avian Z chromosome supports a large role of sex chromosomes in adaptive evolution.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.