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281 results for “community model”
Inferring the evolutionary model of community-structuring traits with convolutional kitchen sinks: Code and data
<p>When communities are assembled through processes such as filtering or limiting similarity acting on phylogenetically conserved traits, the evolutionary signature of those traits may be reflected in patterns of community membership. We show how the model of trait evolution underlying community-structuring traits can be inferred from community membership data using both a variation of a traditional eco-phylogenetic metric--the mean pairwise distance (MPD) between taxa--and a recent machine learning tool, Convolutional Kitchen Sinks (CKS). Both methods perform well across a range of phylogenetically informative evolutionary models, but CKS outperforms MPD as tree size increases. We demonstrate CKS by inferring the evolutionary history of freeze tolerance in angiosperms. Our analysis is consistent with a late burst model of freeze tolerance, suggesting it evolved recently. We suggest that data ordered on phylogenies such as trait values, species interactions, or community presence/absence are good candidates for CKS modeling because the generative models produce structured differences between neighboring points that CKS is well-suited for. We introduce the R package <em>kitchen</em> to perform CKS for generic application of the technique.</p>
Data and model code for: Habitat use patterns suggest that climate-driven vegetation changes will negatively impact mammal communities in the Amazon (ACV)
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Data from: Resilience metrics are robust across data qualities but sensitive to community size models
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Dataset for greenhouse gas modelling in diesel dependent communities transitioning to bioenergy
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Accounting for environmental variation in co‐occurrence modelling reveals the importance of positive interactions in root‐associated fungal communities
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Nitrification and denitrification in the Community Land Model compared to observations at Hubbard Brook Forest
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Community Land Model synthetic meteorology simulation model output
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Code and data for Bayesian joint species distribution model selection for community-level prediction
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Inferring the evolutionary model of community-structuring traits with convolutional kitchen sinks: Code and data
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Community Land Model version 4.5 (CLM4.5) simulations of water, energy, and carbon fluxes for Saddle vegetation communities, 2008 - 2013
Single point simulations of CLM4.5 that include (1) forcing data that were input to the model and subsequent (2) model output for simulations that approximate conditions in fellfield, dry meadow, moist meadow, wet meadow, and snowbed vegetation communities. Forcing data were generated with observed atmospheric conditions from Tvan, Saddle precipitation, and incoming shortwave radiation measured from the AmeriFlux tower site (US-NR1) from 2008-2013. Wintertime precipitation inputs were modified to approximate average snow depth for each vegetation community observed across the Saddle grid. Land models, like CLM, provide a cohesive framework to investigate biogeophysical and biogeochemical effects of environmental change on ecosystem processes. We used CLM4.5 to investigate if a global-scale model can represent local-scale patterns of water, energy, and carbon fluxes in a heterogeneous mountain environment. Specifically, we were interested in generating testable projections of potential ecosystem responses to climate change. Model output includes half-hourly data on fluxes of energy, water, and carbon, as well as vegetation carbon stocks and edaphic conditions. We also conducted sensitivity analyses to look at ecosystem responses to modifications intended to extend growing season length by decreasing snow albedo and warming air temperatures (black sand and M-A warm, respectively). Information on the variables, units, and data are included as attributed in the network Common Data Form (NetCDF) files for this dataset. For users unfamiliar with using NetCDF files, we have included R scripts that write (forcing data) and read (model output) .nc files include in this data archive. More information about NetCDF files is available at http://www.unidata.ucar.edu/software/netcdf/docs/index.html.
Data from: Models of community-based primary care for epilepsy in low and middle income countries
Objective: To review systematically community-based primary care interventions for epilepsy in low and middle income countries to rationalize approaches and outcome parameters in relation to epilepsy care in these countries. Methods: A systematic search of PubMed, EMBASE, Global Index Medicus, CINAHL and Web of Science was undertaken to identify trials and implementation of provision of anti-seizure medications, adherence reinforcement and/or healthcare provider or community education in community-based samples of epilepsy. Data on populations addressed, interventions and outcomes were extracted from eligible articles. Results: Twenty-four reports were identified, mostly care programs addressing active convulsive epilepsy. Phenobarbital has been used most frequently though other conventional antiseizure medications have also been used but none of the newer. Tolerability rates in these studies are high but overall, attrition is considerable. Other approaches have included updating primary health care providers, reinforcing treatment adherence in clinics and raising community awareness. The coverage of existing treatment gap in the community, epilepsy-related mortality and comorbidity burden are fleetingly addressed in these programs. Conclusions: The cost-free provision, mostly of phenobarbital has resulted in short-term seizure freedom in roughly half of the people with epilepsy in LMICs. Future programs should include a range of antiseizure medications. These should cover apart from seizure control and treatment adherence, primary healthcare provider education, raising community awareness and referral protocols for specialist care. The programs should ensure sustainability and impact assessment at a community level.
Data from: Disentangling elevational richness: a multi-scale hierarchical Bayesian occupancy model of Colorado ant communities
Understanding the forces that shape the distribution of biodiversity across spatial scales is central in ecology and critical to effective conservation. To assess effects of possible richness drivers, we sampled ant communities on four elevational transects across two mountain ranges in Colorado, USA, with seven or eight sites on each transect and twenty repeatedly sampled pitfall trap pairs at each site each for a total of 90 days. With a multi-scale hierarchical Bayesian community occupancy model, we simultaneously evaluated the effects of temperature, productivity, area, habitat diversity, vegetation structure, and temperature variability on ant richness at two spatial scales, quantifying detection error and genus-level phylogenetic effects. We fit the model with data from one mountain range and tested predictive ability with data from the other mountain range. In total, we detected 105 ant species, and richness peaked at intermediate elevations on each transect. Species-specific thermal preferences drove richness at each elevation with marginal effects of site-scale productivity. Trap-scale richness was primarily influenced by elevation-scale variables along with a negative impact of canopy cover. Soil diversity had a marginal negative effect while daily temperature variation had a marginal positive effect. We detected no impact of area, land cover diversity, trap-scale productivity, or tree density. While phylogenetic relationships among genera had little influence, congeners tended to respond similarly. The hierarchical model, trained on data from the first mountain range, predicted the trends on the second mountain range better than multiple regression, reducing root mean squared error up to 65%. Compared to a more standard approach, this modeling framework better predicts patterns on a novel mountain range and provides a nuanced, detailed evaluation of ant communities at two spatial scales.
Data from: Impacts of rainfall extremes predicted by climate-change models on major trophic groups in the leaf-litter arthropod community
1. Arthropods in the leaf-litter layer of forest soils influence ecosystem processes such as decomposition. Climate-change models predict both increases and decreases in average rainfall. Increased drought may have greater impacts on the litter arthropod community. In addition to affecting survival or behavior of desiccation-sensitive species, lower rainfall may indirectly lower abundances of consumers that graze drought-stressed fungi, with repercussions for higher trophic levels. 2. We tested the hypothesis that trophic structure will differ between the two rainfall scenarios. In particular, we hypothesized that densities of several broadly defined trophic groupings of arthropods would be lower under reduced rainfall. 3. To test this hypothesis we used sprinklers to impose two rainfall treatments during three growing seasons in roofed, fenced 14-m2 plots; and documented changes in abundance from initial, pre-treatment densities of 39 arthropod taxa. Experimental plots were subjected to either LOW (fortnightly) or HIGH (weekly) average rainfall based upon climate models and the previous 100 years of regional weekly averages. Unroofed open plots, our reference treatment (REF), experienced higher-than-average rainfall during the experiment. 4. The two rainfall extremes produced clear negative effects of lowered rainfall on major trophic groups. Broad categories of fungivores, detritivores and predators were more abundant in HIGH than LOW plots by the final year. Springtails (Collembola), which graze fungal hyphae, were 3x more abundant in the HIGH-rainfall treatment. Taxa of larger-bodied fungivores and detritivores, spiders (Araneae), and non-spider predators were 2x more abundant under HIGH rainfall. Densities of mites (Acari), which include fungivores, detritivores and predators, were 1.5x greater in HIGH rainfall plots. Abundances and community structure of arthropods were similar in REF and experimental plots, showing that effects of rainfall uncovered in the experiment are applicable to nature. 5. This pattern suggests that changes in rainfall will alter bottom-up control processes in a critical detritus-based food web of deciduous forests. Our results, in conjunction with other findings on the impact of desiccation on arthropods and fungal growth, suggest that drier conditions will depress densities of fungal consumers, causing declines in higher trophic levels, with possible impacts on soil processes and the larger forest food web.
Data from: Functional traits and community composition: a comparison among community-weighted means, weighted correlations, and multilevel models
1. Of the several approaches that are used to analyze functional trait-environment relationships, the most popular is community-weighted mean regressions (CWMr) in which species trait values are averaged at the site level and then regressed against environmental variables. Other approaches include model-based methods and weighted correlations of different metrics of trait-environment associations, the best known of which is the fourth-corner correlation method. 2. We investigated these three general statistical approaches for trait-environment associations: CWMr, five weighted correlation metrics (Peres-Neto et al. 2017), and two multilevel models (MLM) using four different methods for computing p-values. We first compared the methods applied to a plant community dataset. To determine the validity of the statistical conclusions, we then performed a simulation study. 3. CWMr gave highly significant associations for both traits, while the other methods gave a mix of support. CWMr had inflated type I errors for some simulation scenarios, implying that the significant results for the data could be spurious. The weighted correlation methods had generally good type I error control but had low power. One of the multilevel models, that from Jamil et al. (2013), had both good type I error control and high power when an appropriate method was used to obtain p-values. In particular, if there was no correlation among species in their abundances among sites, a parametric bootstrap likelihood ratio test (LRT) gave the best power. When there was correlation among species in their abundances, a conditional parametric LRT had correct type I errors but had lower power. 4. There is no overall best method for identifying trait-environment associations. For the simple task of testing, one-by-one, associations between single environmental variables and single traits, the weighted correlations with permutation tests all had good type I error control, and their ease of implementation is an advantage. For the more complex task of multivariate analyses and model fitting, and when high statistical power is needed, we recommend MLM2 (Jamil et al. 2013); however, care must be taken to ensure against inflated type I errors. Because CWMr exhibited highly inflated type I error rates, it should always be avoided. 2. We investigated these three general statistical approaches for trait-environment associations: CWMr, five weighted correlation metrics (Peres-Neto et al. 2017), and two multilevel models (MLM) using five different methods for computing p-values. We first compared the methods applied to a plant community dataset. To determine the validity of the statistical conclusions, we then performed a simulation study. 3. CWMr gave highly significant associations for both traits, while the other methods gave a mix of support. CWMr had inflated type I errors for some simulation scenarios. The weighted correlation methods had generally good type I error control but had low power. One of the multilevel models, that from Jamil et al. (2013), had both good type I error control and high power when an appropriate method was used to obtain p-values. In particular, if there was no correlation among species in their abundances among sites, a parametric bootstrap likelihood ratio test (LRT) gave the best power. When there was correlation among species in their abundances, a conditional parametric LRT had correct type I errors but suffered from low power. 4. There is no overall best method for identifying trait-environment associations. For the simple task of testing, one-by-one, associations between single environmental variables and single traits, the weighted correlations with permutation tests all had good type I error control, and their ease of implementation is an advantage. For the more complex task of multivariate analyses and model fitting, and when high statistical power is needed, we recommend MLM2 (Jamil et al. 2013); however, care must be taken to ensure against inflated type I errors. Because CWMr exhibited highly inflated type I error rates, it should be avoided.
Data and scripts for "Joint species-trait distribution modelling: The role of intraspecific trait variation in community assembly"
<p>The README explains how to reproduce the analyses presented in the paper <strong>"Joint species-trait distribution modelling: The role of intraspecific trait variation in community assembly"</strong> by Abrego et al.</p> <p>The input data for the script pipeline is the file “Kilpisjarvi_plant_data.csv”. This file includes the data on the plants and their traits in the long format. Hence, each row of the data matrix corresponds to measurements on one plant species in one study plot. The joint species-trait distribution modelling (JSTDM) pipeline that analyses these data consists of the following R-scripts.</p> <p>· <strong>S1_define_JSTDM_models.R</strong>. This script defines the JSDTM models (null model and environmental model) that include five response types for each species: the presence-absence, abundance conditional on presence, and the plot-level trait values of specific leaf area (SLA), leaf area (LA) and mean height (MH). The model is defined in the Hierarchical Modelling of Species Communities (HMSC) framework utilizing the R-package Hmsc. The models are saved in the file “unfitted_models.RData”.</p> <p>· <strong>S2_fit_models.R. </strong>This script loads the unfitted models and fits them using the posterior sampling methods implemented in the R-package Hmsc. The models are fitted with increasing thinning until thin=100, which value was used to generate the results of the paper. The fitted models are saved in the file "models_thin_100_samples_250_chains_4.Rdata".</p> <p>· <strong>S3_plot_Omega_matrices.R. </strong>This script loads the fitted models and plots the association matrices (Fig. 2 of the paper). The csv file containing the values used to construct Fig. 2 is also given (figure2Cdata.csv and figure2Ddata.csv).</p> <p>· <strong>S4_show_VP_Beta_Gamma.R. </strong>This script loads the fitted models and extracts information on the variance partitionings (VP; Figs. S3 and S4 of the paper), the relationships between response types and environmental predictors (beta; Fig. S2 of the paper), and the relationships between response types and species-level traits (gamma; Fig. S5 of the paper). The csv file containing the values used to construct Fig. S2 (figureS2Adata.csv and figureS2Bdata.csv), Fig. S3 (figureS3data.csv), Fig. S4 (figureS4data.csv) and Fig S5 (figureS5data.csv) are also given.</p> <p>· <strong>S5_conditional_cross_validation.R</strong>. This script performs 10-fold cross validation to the data to test the predictive power related to the modelled plant traits. The script performs both regular (unconditional) cross-validation where all data are masked for the test fold, and conditional cross-validation where only the trait data (but not the abundance data) are masked for the test fold.</p> <p>· <strong>S6_show_conditional_cross_validation_results.R. </strong>This script plots the results of cross-validation (Fig. 3 of the paper). The csv file containing the values used to construct Fig. 3 is also given (figure3Adata.csv and figure3Bdata.csv).</p> <p>· <strong>S7_scenario_predictions.R</strong>. This script performs the scenario simulations described and shown in Fig. 4 of the paper. The csv file containing the values used to construct Fig. 4 is also given (figure4Bdata.csv and figure4Cdata.csv).</p>
Models for Building Relationships and Refining Approaches for Collaborating with Indigenous Communities: Reporting on Five Years of Online Work with the Nuer.
<p>Models for Building Relationships and Refining Approaches for Collaborating with Indigenous Communities: Reporting on Five Years of Online Work with the Nuer.</p> <p>Presentation given by Tatiana Reid at the Language Documentation and Archiving conference on the 5. October 2022 at the Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities.</p> <p>I report on my experience of working with the Nuer-speaking community. Nuer is a little studied West Nilotic language of South Sudan and Ethiopia. Over the past five years I have carried description, documentation and language development exclusively online through social media such as Messenger and WhatsApp, and more recently, via Zoom.</p> <p>I will highlight various aspects of this mode of work, showing what is possible to achieve working remotely and the practicalities of doing so. These include, but are not limited to: utilising google documents when working on recorded narratives with reference speakers; and collecting data using a hybrid mode where the researcher (online) and a community member (in-person) conduct interviews with speakers producing high quality recordings. I will also draw on my experience of outsourced documentation – where audio and video recordings are made by local organisations in East Africa. I will touch on the experience (together with the colleagues at the University of Surrey) of working towards literacy development. This work involved creating databases that the community members populated with data collected via our ‘Nuer Lexicon’ Facebook group; and running an online Nuer literacy development workshops attended by over 30 community members from South Sudan, Ethiopia and from around the world.</p> <p>I claim that the prerequisite for conducting remote work with a language community is the collaborative approach between the researchers and the speakers of the language, which places greater emphasis on the 1) ability of the community members to to carry out data collection and processing and 2) continuity. My experience shows that ELDP/ELAR’s advice for field linguists to strengthen capacity building within language communities is gaining even more relevance in the predominantly virtually connected world.</p>
Community science enhances modelled bee distributions in a tropical Asian city
<p>Bees and the ecosystem services they provide are vital to urban ecosystems, but little is understood about their distributions, particularly in the Asian tropics. This is largely due to taxonomic impediments and limited inventorying, monitoring, and digitization of occurrence records. While expert collections (EC) are demonstrably insufficient by themselves as a data source to model and understand bee distributions, the boom of community science (CS) in urban areas provides an untapped opportunity to learn about bee distributions within our cities. We used CS observations in combination with EC observations to model the distribution of bees in Singapore, a small tropical city-state in Southeast Asia. To address the restricted spatial context, we performed multiple bias corrections and show that species distribution models performed well when estimating the distribution of habitat specialists with distinct range limits detectable within Singapore. We successfully modelled 37 bee species, where model statistics improved for 23 species upon the incorporation of CS observations. Nine species had insufficient EC observations to obtain acceptable models, but could be modelled with the incorporation of CS observations. This is the first study to combine both EC and CS observations to map and model the occurrences of tropical Asian bee species for a highly urbanised region at such fine resolution. Our results suggest that urban landscapes with impervious surfaces and higher temperatures are less suitable for bee species, and such findings can be used to advise the management of urban landscapes to optimise the diversity of bee pollinators and other organisms.</p>
Output files for Variable-Resolution Community Earth System Model (VR-CESM) simulations with highest resolutions over the Euro-Mediterranean
<p>Output files for Variable-Resolution Community Earth System Model (VR-CESM) simulations with highest resolutions over the Euro-Mediterranean and notebooks created for analyses and visualization.</p> <p>Configuration names:</p> <ul> <li>ne30_n</li> <li>ne30x4_n</li> <li>ne30x4_t</li> <li>ne30x8_t</li> </ul> <p>Variables at single level: PHIS,PRECC,PRECL,PS,TREFHT,LHFLX,SWCF,LWCF,TMQ,SNOWHLND</p> <p>Variables at pressure levels:U,V,OMEGA,RELHUM,Z3,Q</p>
Archived Model Output and Code for "Marine Boundary Layer Cloud Condensation Nuclei Bias over the Southern Ocean: Comparisons between the Community Atmosphere Model 6 and Field Observations "
<div> <p>This is an archive of CAM6 simulation output used in the paper Marine Boundary Layer Cloud Condensation Nuclei Bias over the Southern Ocean: Comparisons between the Community Atmosphere Model 6 and Field Observations, submitted to the AGU Journal. Codes used to read the nc file is also attached.</p> </div>
Antarctic surface climate and surface mass balance in the Community Earth System Model version 2 (1850-2100) - AWS data
<p>This Antarctica AWS temperature and wind speed dataset was compiled by Alexandra Gossart and Niels Souverijns (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0030.1">https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0030.1</a>).</p>
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.