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100 results for “community organization”
Data from: Soil organic matter quantity and quality shape microbial community compositions of subtropical broadleaved forests
As two major forest types in the subtropics, broadleaved evergreen and broadleaved deciduous forests have long interested ecologists. However, little is known about their belowground ecosystems despite their ecological importance in driving biogeochemical cycling. Here, we used Illumina MiSeq sequencing targeting 16S rRNA gene and a microarray named GeoChip targeting functional genes to analyse microbial communities in broadleaved evergreen and deciduous forest soils of Shennongjia Mountain of Central China, a region known as 'The Oriental Botanic Garden' for its extraordinarily rich biodiversity. We observed higher plant diversity and relatively richer nutrients in the broadleaved evergreen forest than the deciduous forest. In odds to our expectation that plant communities shaped soil microbial communities, we found that soil organic matter quantity and quality, but not plant community parameters, were the best predictors of microbial communities. Actinobacteria, a copiotrophic phylum, was more abundant in the broadleaved evergreen forest, while Verrucomicrobia, an oligotrophic phylum, was more abundant in the broadleaved deciduous forest. The density of the correlation network of microbial OTUs was higher in the broadleaved deciduous forest but its modularity was smaller, reflecting lower resistance to environment changes. In addition, keystone OTUs of the broadleaved deciduous forest were mainly oligotrophic. Microbial functional genes associated with recalcitrant carbon degradation were also more abundant in the broadleaved deciduous forests, resulting in low accumulation of organic matters. Collectively, these findings revealed the important role of soil organic matter in shaping microbial taxonomic and functional traits.
Data from: The impact of conservation management on the community composition of multiple organism groups in eutrophic interconnected man-made ponds
Ponds throughout the world are subjected to a variety of management measures for purposes of biodiversity conservation. Current conservation efforts typically comprise a combination of multiple measures that directly and indirectly impact a wide range of organism groups. Knowledge of the relative impact of individual measures on different taxonomic groups is important for the development of effective conservation programs. We conducted a field study of 28 man-made ponds, representing four management types differing in the frequency of periodic pond drainage and the intensity of fish stock management. We disentangled the relative importance of direct and indirect effects of pond management measures on the community composition of phytoplankton, zooplankton, aquatic macro-invertebrates, submerged and emergent vascular plants. With the exception of phytoplankton, pond management had strong effects on the community composition of all investigated biota. Whether management affected communities directly or indirectly through its impact on fish communities or local environmental conditions in the pond varied between organism groups. Overall, the impact of pond drainage regime and fish community characteristics on the community composition of target organism groups were more important than local environmental conditions. The majority of taxa were negatively associated with fish density, whereas multiple emergent plant species and several taxa of aquatic macro-invertebrates were positively affected by increased drainage frequency. The effects of fish community and drainage tended to be largely independent. The present study indicates that pond drainage is an important element for biodiversity conservation in eutrophicated shallow and interconnected man-made ponds.
Bacterial community richness shifts the balance between volatile organic compound-mediated microbe-pathogen and microbe-plant interactions
Even though bacteria are important in determining plant growth and health via volatile organic compounds (VOCs), it is unclear how these beneficial effects emerge in multi-species microbiomes. Here we studied this using a model plant-bacteria system, where we manipulated bacterial community richness and composition and determined the subsequent effects on VOC production and VOC-mediated pathogen suppression and plant growth-promotion. We assembled VOC-producing bacterial communities in different richness levels ranging from one to twelve strains using three soil-dwelling bacterial genera (Bacillus, Paenibacillus and Pseudomonas) and investigated how the composition and richness of bacterial community affect the production and functioning of VOCs. We found that VOC production correlated positively with pathogen suppression and plant growth-promotion and that all bacteria produced a diverse set of VOCs. However, while pathogen suppression was maximized at intermediate community richness levels when the relative amount and the number of VOCs were the highest, plant growth-promotion was maximized at low richness levels and was only affected by the relative amount of plant growth-promoting VOCs. The contrasting effects of richness could be explained by differences in the amount and number of produced VOCs and by opposing effects of community productivity and evenness on pathogen suppression and plant-growth promotion along the richness gradient. Together, these results suggest that the number of interacting bacterial species and the structure of the rhizosphere microbiome drive the balance between VOC-mediated microbe-pathogen and microbe-plant interactions potentially affecting plant disease outcomes in natural and agricultural ecosystems.
Changes in arthropod communities mediate the effects of landscape composition and farm management on pest control ecosystem services in organically managed strawberry crops
<p>Landscape composition and local diversification practices such as polyculture, cover cropping, and hedgerows may promote natural pest control by benefiting natural enemy communities on farms. Our study employs piecewise structural equation modeling (PSEM) to test causal hypotheses regarding the effects of landscape composition and local diversification practices on arthropod communities and pest control ecosystem services.</p> <p>We sampled 27 organic strawberry fields in California's Central Coast region in 2015 and 2016 (17 repeated between years) for a total of 37 distinct sites across years. The sites were selected along orthogonal gradients of landscape composition and local diversification practices. We also investigated the effects of two common pest management practices. At each site, we sampled arthropod communities using a hand-held vacuum and performed sentinel prey experiments using the pest species <em>Lygus hesperus</em> to estimate pest control levels.</p> <p>At the landscape scale, proportion woods increased natural enemy abundance; at the local scale, diversification practices increased natural enemy diversity.</p> <p>Insecticides and tractor vacuuming, aimed at controlling pests, were indirectly detrimental to pest control services. Both practices decreased natural enemy abundance, and while insecticides also decreased pest abundance, vacuuming did not.</p> <p>Natural enemy abundance and diversity increased pest control levels, while pest abundance had the opposite effect. The PSEM results confirmed our hypotheses that landscape and local effects on pest control are mediated through changes in arthropod communities.</p> <p><em><a>Synthesis </a>and applications</em>: At the landscape scale, higher proportions of woody habitat are associated with greater natural enemy abundance, which increases pest control levels. When promoting pest control ecosystem services is a policy goal, regional planners should prioritize the conservation and restoration of woodlands in agricultural landscapes. At the local scale, decisions of individual growers can impact pest control services. For many growers, adopting practices that promote on-farm plant diversity may be a feasible solution for increasing pest control levels while avoiding the environmental and economic costs imposed by insecticide application and tractor <a>vacuuming. </a></p> <div> <div> <div class="msocomtxt"> <p class="MsoCommentText"> </p> </div> </div> </div>
Data from: No evidence of foliar disease impact on crop root functional strategies and soil microbial communities: What does this mean for organic coffee?
<p><span>Global climate change is increasing pest and pathogen pressures on plant communities, deteriorating optimal plant functioning. In plant communities, root functional trait expression and microbial communities are important indicators of plant functioning belowground, and, when confronted with pathogens aboveground, can simultaneously reflect plant defence strategies. Yet, while research is continuing to emerge on the response of root functional traits and microbial processes to pathogens aboveground, little work has investigated these interactions in tree-crops, or the role organic amendments play in moderating these relationships. The main objective of this study is to disentangle the dynamic effects of pathogens and amendments on root functional traits (i.e., specific root length and area, root diameter, root length density, root nitrogen, and root carbon to nitrogen ratio) and root endophytic fungal communities. As a model, we use <em>Coffea arabica </em>(coffee) variety Caturra along a gradient of Coffee Leaf Rust – a foliar disease prominent in coffee systems – under contrasting but widespread amendment regimes in biodiverse agroforestry systems. We found that root trait expression varies along established conservation and collaboration gradients, where fungal endophyte community composition varies significantly as a function of root traits. Belowground resource acquisition strategies do not change with foliar disease incidence, suggesting they may be decoupled. Rather, amendment regimes </span>differentially shape root trait expression and microbial communities<span>, where coffee plants under organic amendments, regardless of foliar disease incidence, expressed greater acquisitive traits and enhanced collaboration with symbiotic fungi. </span>This is an important first step in disentangling the dynamic inter-relationships between plant traits, endophytes, and pathogens, generating new questions on the role of amendments in sustainable pathogen management in biodiverse agroecosystems.</p> <p> </p>
Epistemic communities in knowledge organization: an analysis of research trends in the Knowledge Organization journal
<p><span>Considering knowledge organization as a domain in a continuous process of theoretical-methodological consolidation, it becomes important to identify its epistemological configuration and “epistemic communities” in order to measure its impact on society and scholarship. As a reflection of the ISKO and knowledge organization activities, the Knowledge Organization (KO) journal was analysed for the period 1994-2014 in order to identify and characterise the core of researchers that the knowledge organization community consider as central and more impactful. In addition, we analysed the impact of this literature on the LIS scientific domain as a whole, by means of the presence of such literature also in scholarly journals other than KO. The results reveal that the consolidation process of the KO domain and the epistemic communities’ progress occur in a dynamic and well-balanced way with a strong and widespread impact on the LIS scientific context as a whole. The dynamic and evolving nature of these groups, with citations growing in number and new authors slowly emerging for each period, makes it possible to conclude that the ISKO epistemic communities and their impact are not only changing but also expanding.</span></p>
Figure 1 in Temporal organization patterns of epigean beetle communities (Coleoptera: Carabidae, Tenebrionidae) in different successional stages of eastern Mediterranean maquis
Figure 1. The location of the five study sites in eastern Mediterranean. a, Pacheia Ammos (Crete); b, Moutsouna (Naxos); c, Agia Marina (Attiki); d, Psili Ammos (Samos); e, Kourio (Cyprus).
Figure 3 in Temporal organization patterns of epigean beetle communities (Coleoptera: Carabidae, Tenebrionidae) in different successional stages of eastern Mediterranean maquis
Figure 3. Activity density (number of individuals/100 trap-days) of tenebrionid beetles per morphoecological type in the five sampling sites. Abbreviations are defined in Table 3.
Figure 2 in Temporal organization patterns of epigean beetle communities (Coleoptera: Carabidae, Tenebrionidae) in different successional stages of eastern Mediterranean maquis
Figure 2. Activity density (number of individuals/100 trap-days) of carabid beetles per morphoecological type in the five sampling sites. Abbreviations are defined in Table 3.
Figure 4 in Community properties of benthic molluscs as indicators of environmental stress induced by organic enrichment
Figure 4. MDS plots of Functional Feeding Groups (FFG) where mean abundance of each group is superimposed.
Figure 3 in Community properties of benthic molluscs as indicators of environmental stress induced by organic enrichment
Figure 3. MDS plot (a) and cluster analysis (b) of species abundances highlighting three main groups of areas.
Figure 2 in Community properties of benthic molluscs as indicators of environmental stress induced by organic enrichment
Figure 2. Probability funnels of diversity indices Δ+ (a) and Λ+ (b) for all sampling stations and seasons in the study area.
Figure 1. A in Community properties of benthic molluscs as indicators of environmental stress induced by organic enrichment
Figure 1. A map of the island of Lesvos indicating Gera Gulf, the study area (Palioloutro) where the fish farm unit is located and the sampling sites.
Research and Evaluation of Antipsychotic Treatment in Community Behavioral Health Organizations
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01181960. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Support Program for Adoption of Cancer Screening Interventions at a Rural Community-Based Organization
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04208724. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Community Trial to Enhance Organ Donation
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00870506. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Improving Balance for Older Adults: Disseminating Tai Chi Fundamentals Through Community Organizations
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04447001. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Effects of an Evidence Service on Community-based AIDS Service Organizations' Use of Research Evidence
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01257724. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Data for: Organic management and landscape heterogeneity combine to sustain multifunctional bird communities in European vineyards
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Compartmentalized organization of ecological niche occupation in insular invertebrate communities
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.