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opencc-by-4.0Dec 2005View details →

Fig. 4 in Patterns Of Polychaete Communities In Tropical Sedimentary Habitats: A Case Study In South-Western Thailand

Fig. 4. Box and whisker plot of seasonal variation at each habitat and for all habitats considered together. Left-hand side boxes represent dry season sampling; right-hand side boxes represent wet season sampling. Habitat abbreviations as in Fig. 2.

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2010View details →

Fig. 4 in Patterns In Community Structure Of Trawl Catches Along Coastal Area Of The South China Sea

Fig. 4. Cluster dendogram of abundance data for preference of 30 dominant fishes collected bimonthly (a) at different study sites and (b) in different months off Pattani and Narathiwat coasts between Nov.2005 and Jul.2007.

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2010View details →

Fig. 3 in Patterns In Community Structure Of Trawl Catches Along Coastal Area Of The South China Sea

Fig. 3. Cluster dendogram of abundance data for each fish samples collected bimonthly (a) at four different zones and (b) in different months off Pattani and Narathiwat coasts between Nov.2005 and Jul.2000

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2010View details →

Fig. 5 in Patterns In Community Structure Of Trawl Catches Along Coastal Area Of The South China Sea

Fig. 5. Cluster dendogram of benthic organisms' abundance data collected off Pattani and Narathiwat coasts between Nov.2005 and Jul.2007.

Fig. 8 in Nematode morphometry and biomass patterns in relation to community characteristics and environmental variables in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam

Fig. 8. Regression model functions between nematode length and feeding types/biomass along the Mekong estuary ECC nematode length L and percentage of feeding types 1B and 2B (a); nematode densities of individual biomass and total biomass (b).

Fig. 7. Regression functions between the length and ratio L in Nematode morphometry and biomass patterns in relation to community characteristics and environmental variables in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam

Fig. 7. Regression functions between the length and ratio L/W with other characters (maturity index, feeding types) of nematodes at all stations. length L and genera richness S, maturity index MI (a); length L and percentage % of feeding type 1A and 2B (b); nematode width W with percentage of feeding type 2A (c); ratio L/W with the percentage of feeding type 2B (d).

Fig. 4 in Nematode morphometry and biomass patterns in relation to community characteristics and environmental variables in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam

Fig. 4. Nematode length (L) and width (W) at all mouth stations and along the Co Chien river estuary.

Fig. 3 in Nematode morphometry and biomass patterns in relation to community characteristics and environmental variables in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam

Fig. 3. Nitrite and nitrate concentrations (mean±SD; raw data multiplied by 10) and ammonium concentrations across a vertical sediment profile at the mouth of the Mekong delta (a), and along the Co Chien estuary (b).

Fig. 2 in Nematode morphometry and biomass patterns in relation to community characteristics and environmental variables in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam

Fig. 2. Chloroplastic Pigment Equivalents (mean CPE±SD; μg L−1) and chlorophyll a (mean±SD; μg L−1) at the mouth stations (a) and along the Co Chien estuary (b).

Fig. 1 in Nematode morphometry and biomass patterns in relation to community characteristics and environmental variables in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam

Fig. 1. Locations of sampling stations in the Co Chien estuary (ECC1 through ECC4) and at the mouth of Mekong Delta (from north to south, mouth stations ECT, ECD, EBL, EHL, ECH, EDA and ETD) in Vietnam.

Text-fig. 54. Scanning electron microscope (SEM; a–e, g, h) and synchrotron x-ray microscopy (SRXTM; f, i) images of unnamed angiosperm fruits and seeds; Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Follicle sp. 1, narrow elongate follicle with sessile and decurrent stigma; b) Follicle sp. 2, broad, dehisced follicle with elongate and transverse fibers lining the locule; c) Angiosperm seed sp. 1 with thin, smooth seed coat; d) Angiosperm seed sp. 2 with verrucate seed coat; e) Angiosperm seed sp. 3 with exotestal and foveolate seed coat; f) Angiosperm seed sp. 4 with smooth seed coat; g, h) Angiosperm seed sp. 5 with raised epidermal cells forming a reticulate pattern; i) Wedge-shaped angiosperm fruit with remains of floral parts near apex. Specimens, TV43-S136726 (a), TV44-S148144 (b), TV43-S170074 (c), TV43-S136747 (d), TV43-S170073 (e), TV38-S174615 (f), TV44-S148003 (g), TV44-S148004 (h), TV43-S174685 (i). Scale bars 300 Μm (a–i). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Torres Vedras (Ne Of Forte Da Forca), Portugal: A Palaeofloristic Analysis Of An Early Angiosperm Community

Text-fig. 54. Scanning electron microscope (SEM; a–e, g, h) and synchrotron x-ray microscopy (SRXTM; f, i) images of unnamed angiosperm fruits and seeds; Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Follicle sp. 1, narrow elongate follicle with sessile and decurrent stigma; b) Follicle sp. 2, broad, dehisced follicle with elongate and transverse fibers lining the locule; c) Angiosperm seed sp. 1 with thin, smooth seed coat; d) Angiosperm seed sp. 2 with verrucate seed coat; e) Angiosperm seed sp. 3 with exotestal and foveolate seed coat; f) Angiosperm seed sp. 4 with smooth seed coat; g, h) Angiosperm seed sp. 5 with raised epidermal cells forming a reticulate pattern; i) Wedge-shaped angiosperm fruit with remains of floral parts near apex. Specimens, TV43-S136726 (a), TV44-S148144 (b), TV43-S170074 (c), TV43-S136747 (d), TV43-S170073 (e), TV38-S174615 (f), TV44-S148003 (g), TV44-S148004 (h), TV43-S174685 (i). Scale bars 300 Μm (a–i).

Text-fig. 47. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of reticulate-foveolate pollen on the surface of a fruit of Serialis antiquum; Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a, b) Pollen grain showing angular outline and tectum perforated by foveolae of different sizes; note the braided tectum ornamentation formed by aggregations of small ridges (b); aperture not known; c, d) Pollen grain showing angular outline, tectum perforated by foveolae that become smaller toward the presumed pole; note the relatively smooth tectum and faint pattern of braiding ridges (d); aperture not known. Specimens, TV43-S171535-01 (a, b), TV43-S171535-02 (c, d). Scale bars 6 Μm (a, c), 1 Μm (b, d). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Torres Vedras (Ne Of Forte Da Forca), Portugal: A Palaeofloristic Analysis Of An Early Angiosperm Community

Text-fig. 47. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of reticulate-foveolate pollen on the surface of a fruit of Serialis antiquum; Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a, b) Pollen grain showing angular outline and tectum perforated by foveolae of different sizes; note the braided tectum ornamentation formed by aggregations of small ridges (b); aperture not known; c, d) Pollen grain showing angular outline, tectum perforated by foveolae that become smaller toward the presumed pole; note the relatively smooth tectum and faint pattern of braiding ridges (d); aperture not known. Specimens, TV43-S171535-01 (a, b), TV43-S171535-02 (c, d). Scale bars 6 Μm (a, c), 1 Μm (b, d).

Text-fig. 44. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of monocolpate pollen of Juhaszia portugallica gen. et sp. nov. from a fragment of a pollen sac (a–e) and stamen fragment and pollen of Dictyozonia pusilla gen. et sp. nov. (f–k); Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Holotype; fragment of pollen sac that yielded the pollen in (b–e); b) Proximal surface of pollen grain showing reticulate sculpture in the equatorial regions grading into more a continuous foveolate tectum at the proximal pole; c) Reticulum on the proximal surface showing smooth muri delimiting large and small luminae. Muri supported by numerous short columellae that are only loosely attached to the smooth surface of the foot layer; d) Distal surface of pollen grain showing the long colpus and reticulate sculpture with a distinctive pattern of large and small luminae; e) Pollen grain from which the reticulum has become in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Torres Vedras (Ne Of Forte Da Forca), Portugal: A Palaeofloristic Analysis Of An Early Angiosperm Community

Text-fig. 44. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of monocolpate pollen of Juhaszia portugallica gen. et sp. nov. from a fragment of a pollen sac (a–e) and stamen fragment and pollen of Dictyozonia pusilla gen. et sp. nov. (f–k); Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Holotype; fragment of pollen sac that yielded the pollen in (b–e); b) Proximal surface of pollen grain showing reticulate sculpture in the equatorial regions grading into more a continuous foveolate tectum at the proximal pole; c) Reticulum on the proximal surface showing smooth muri delimiting large and small luminae. Muri supported by numerous short columellae that are only loosely attached to the smooth surface of the foot layer; d) Distal surface of pollen grain showing the long colpus and reticulate sculpture with a distinctive pattern of large and small luminae; e) Pollen grain from which the reticulum has become

Text-fig. 3. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of a charalean oospore (a), and fragments of probable marchantialean liverwort thalli (b–d); Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Apical view of oospore showing the pattern of spiral ridges and grooves resulting from the enclosing cells of the oogonium. b–d) Thallus fragments in probable ventral view showing two rows of imbricate scales and occasional branching of the thallus (d). Specimens, TV38-S174607 (a), TV43-S174655 (b), TV43-S174654 (c), TV43-S174661 (d). Scale bars 1 mm (b–d), 100 Μm (a). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Torres Vedras (Ne Of Forte Da Forca), Portugal: A Palaeofloristic Analysis Of An Early Angiosperm Community

Text-fig. 3. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of a charalean oospore (a), and fragments of probable marchantialean liverwort thalli (b–d); Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Apical view of oospore showing the pattern of spiral ridges and grooves resulting from the enclosing cells of the oogonium. b–d) Thallus fragments in probable ventral view showing two rows of imbricate scales and occasional branching of the thallus (d). Specimens, TV38-S174607 (a), TV43-S174655 (b), TV43-S174654 (c), TV43-S174661 (d). Scale bars 1 mm (b–d), 100 Μm (a).

opencc-by-4.0Feb 2023View details →

Irrigation water source matters: Saline groundwater irrigation lowers date palm root-associated fungal richness and alters their community patterns

Saline groundwater irrigation is predominantly used for date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) cultivation in the arid regions of the Middle East and North Africa without knowing its impact on root-associated fungal (RAF) communities. We investigated the impact of irrigation water sources (freshwater vs. saline groundwater) on date palm RAF diversity, communities, and their assembly processes. Summarily, we show that water chemistry (pH and EC) mainly structures RAF communities, whereas water pH shapes saprotrophic and pathotrophic communities, and the higher abundance of saprotrophic RAF (i.e. Acrocalymma vagum) under saline groundwater irrigation, despite the higher importance of the drift process, indicates their potential role in nutrient cycling and plant growth promotion under saline conditions in arid agroecosystems.

opencc-zeroFeb 2023View details →

Long-term coastal macrobenthic Community Trajectory Analysis reveals habitat-dependent stability patterns

Long-term monitoring programs are fundamental to detecting changes in ecosystem health and understanding ecological processes. In the current context of increasing anthropogenic threats on marine ecosystems, understanding the dynamics and response of communities becomes essential. We used data collected over 14 years in the REBENT benthic coastal invertebrates monitoring program, at a regional scale in the North-East Atlantic, covering a total of 26 sites and 979 taxa. Four distinct habitats were studied: two biogenic habitats associated with foundation species in the intertidal and subtidal zones and two bare sedimentary habitats in the same respective tidal zones. We used Community Trajectory Analysis, a statistical approach that allows for quantitative measures and comparisons of temporal trajectories of ecosystems. We compared observed community trajectories to trajectories simulated under a non-directional null model in order to better understand the dynamics of the communities, their potential drivers, and the role of the studied habitats in these dynamics. Despite strong differences in the community compositions between sites and habitats, the communities followed non-directional dynamics during the 14 years monitored, which suggested stability at the regional scale. However, the shape, size, and direction of the trajectories of benthic communities were more similar within than among habitats, also suggesting the influence of the nature of the habitat on community dynamics. Results showed a higher variability in community composition in the first years of the monitoring in the intertidal bare habitat and confirmed the role of biogenic habitats in maintaining temporal stability. They also highlighted the need to apprehend the role of transient and rare species and the scale of observation in temporal beta diversity analyses. Finally, our study confirmed the usefulness of Community Trajectory Analysis to link observed trajectory patterns to fundamental ecological processes.

opencc-zeroMar 2023View details →

Data from: The spatial patterns of community composition, their environmental drivers and their spatial scale dependence vary markedly between fungal ecological guilds

Aim How community composition varies in space and what governs the variation has been extensively investigated in macroorganisms. However, we have only limited knowledge for microorganisms, especially fungi, despite their ecological and economic significance. Based on previous research, we define and test a series of hypotheses regarding the composition of fungal communities, its most influential drivers and their spatial scale dependence. Location Czech Republic. Time period Present. Taxa studied Fungi. Methods We analyzed the distance decay relationships, community composition and its drivers (physical distance, litter and soil chemistry, tree composition, climate) in fungi, using multivariate analyses. We compared the results across three fungal ecological guilds (ectomycorrhizal fungi, saprotrophs and yeasts), two forest microhabitats (litter and bulk soil) and six spatial scales (from 5 m to 80 km) that comprehensively cover the Czech Republic. Results We found that, similar to macroorganisms, the ectomycorrhizal fungi and saprotrophs showed marked distance-decay relationships, and their community composition was driven mainly by vegetation and dispersal at local scales, but at regional scales, by environmental effects. In contrast, the third fungal guild, the unicellular yeasts, showed little distance decay, suggesting extraordinary spatial homogeneity, as often seen in microorganisms, such as bacteria. Main conclusions Our results underscore the remarkable variation in the community ecology of fungi, which seems to range well-known patterns both from the macro- and the microworld. Knowledge of these patterns advances our understanding of the ecology of fungi, rather understudied organisms of significant ecological and economic importance, which our findings identify as a potentially suitable model for bridging the gaps between the biogeography of micro- and macroorganisms.

opencc-zeroApr 2023View details →

Genotype and genetic diversity data for: Contrasts in riverscape patterns of intraspecific genetic variation in a diverse Neotropical fish community of high conservation value

Spatial patterns in genetic variation compared across species provide information about the predictability of genetic diversity of natural populations and areas requiring conservation measures. Due to their remarkable fish diversity, rivers in Neotropical regions are ideal systems to confront theory with observations and would benefit greatly from such approaches given their increasing vulnerability to anthropogenic pressures. We used SNP data from 18 fish species with contrasting life-history traits, co-sampled across 12 sites in the Maroni – a major river system from the Guiana Shield – to compare patterns of intraspecific genetic variation and identify their underlying drivers. Analyses of covariance revealed a decrease in genetic diversity as distance from the river outlet increased for 5 of the 18 species, illustrating a pattern commonly observed in riverscapes for species with low-to-medium dispersal abilities. However, mean within-site genetic diversity was lowest in the two easternmost tributaries of the Upper Maroni and around an urbanized location downstream, indicating the need to address the potential influence of local pressures in these areas, such as goldmining or fishing. Finally, the relative influence of isolation by stream distance, isolation by discontinuous river flow and isolation by spatial heterogeneity in effective size on pairwise genetic differentiation varied across species. Species with similar dispersal and reproductive guilds did not necessarily display shared patterns of population structure. Increasing the knowledge of specific life history traits and ecological requirements of fish species in these remote areas should help further understand factors that influence their current patterns of genetic variation.

opencc-zeroApr 2023View details →

Implementation of biotic interactions in niche analyses unravels the patterns underneath community composition in clownfishes

Biotic interactions are key to understanding the ecology of species and communities. As such, integrating biotic interactions into ecological niche modelling methods has been a central topic of research for the last decade. Yet, the role of biotic interactions remains overlooked. Mutualistic systems constitute perfect study cases for analysing the effect of biotic interactions on species niches and communities' composition. Using the clownfish-sea anemone interaction, we integrate mutualistic interactions into a niche quantification framework to analyse the effect of biotic interactions in the estimation of species niches, and competition patterns among clownfish communities. Our results show that ignoring biotic interactions can strongly affect species' ecological niche estimations. More importantly, sea anemones seem to mediate competition among clownfishes, structure communities and allow coexistence in competitive environments. These findings strongly support the importance of biotic interactions in shaping communities. Future studies could use the proposed analytical framework, which could also serve multiple conservation purposes.