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257 results for “composition changes”
Data from: Nitrogen enrichment alters multiple dimensions of grassland functional stability via changing compositional stability
<p>Anthropogenic nutrient enrichment is known to alter the composition and functioning of plant communities. However, how nutrient enrichment influences multiple dimensions of community- and ecosystem-level stability remains poorly understood. Using data from a nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) addition experiment in a temperate semi-arid grassland that experienced a natural drought, we show that N enrichment, not P enrichment, decreased grassland functional and compositional temporal stability, resistance, and recovery, but increased functional and compositional resilience. Compositional stability and species asynchrony, rather than species diversity, were identified as key determinants of all dimensions of grassland functional stability, except for recovery. Whereas grassland functional recovery was decoupled from compositional recovery, N enrichment altered other dimensions of functional stability primarily through changing their corresponding compositional stability dimensions. Our findings highlight the need to examine ecological stability at the community level for a more mechanistic understanding of ecosystem dynamics in the face of environmental change.</p>
Fig. 3 in Yearly and seasonal changes in species composition of hornets (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) caught with bait traps on the Sea of Japan coast
Fig. 3. Seasonal abundance of Vespa ducalis collected by bait traps at Sakata Park and
Fig. 2 in Yearly and seasonal changes in species composition of hornets (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) caught with bait traps on the Sea of Japan coast
Fig. 2. Seasonal abundance of Vespa analis collected by bait traps at Sakata Park and
Fig. 4 in Yearly and seasonal changes in species composition of hornets (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) caught with bait traps on the Sea of Japan coast
Fig. 4. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) plot comparing hornet species
Changing plant species composition and richness benefit soil carbon sequestration under climate warming
<p>Anthropogenic warming and land-use change are expected to accelerate global soil organic carbon (SOC) losses and change plant species composition and richness. However, how changes in plant composition and species richness mediate SOC responses to climate warming and land-use change remains poorly understood. Using data from a 7-year warming and clipping field experiment in an alpine meadow on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, we examined the direct effects of warming and clipping on SOC storage versus their indirect effects mediated by plant functional type and species richness. We found that warming significantly increased SOC storage by 8.1% and clipping decreased it by 6.4%, which was closely correlated with the corresponding response of below-ground net primary productivity (BNPP). We also found a negative correlation between SOC storage and species richness, which was ascribed to the increased BNPP via enhancing the dominance of grasses and decreasing species richness under warming. The lower SOC storage under clipping was caused by the clipping-induced decrease in BNPP via weakening the dominance of grasses and increasing species richness. Our findings highlight that the SOC storage in this alpine meadow under climate warming and clipping was primarily governed by BNPP, which was mediated by changes in the dominance of grasses and species richness. Overall, our study demonstrates that shifting to the dominance of grasses and changing species richness would benefit soil C sequestration under climate warming, but this positive effect would be dampened by grazing or hay harvest.</p>
Changes in holopelagic Sargassum spp. biomass composition across an unusual year - supporting particle data and analysis source code
<p>As specified in 'Data, Materials, and Software Availability' of Tonon et al. (2024), PNAS, Vol. 121, e2312173121, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2312173121, the following data and software are provided:</p> <p>Particle forward tracking (statistical data – for Fig. 2)</p> <p>Particle backward tracking (primary data – for Fig. 3)</p> <p>Analysis of primary data for gridded particle fractional coverage and mean age (Fortran source code)</p>
Long-term changes in taxonomic and functional composition of European marine fish communities
<p>Evidence of large-scale biodiversity degradation in marine ecosystems has been reported worldwide, yet most research has focused on few species of interest or on limited spatiotemporal scales. Here we assessed the spatial and temporal changes in the taxonomic and functional composition of fish communities in European seas over the last 25 years (1994-2019). We then explored how these community changes were linked to environmental gradients and fishing pressure. We show that the spatial variation in fish species composition is more than two times higher than the temporal variation, with a marked spatial continuum in taxonomic composition and a more homogenous pattern in functional composition. The regions warming the fastest are experiencing an increasing dominance and total abundance of r-strategy fish species (lower age of maturity). Conversely, regions warming more slowly show an increasing dominance and total abundance of K-strategy species (high trophic level and late reproduction). Among the considered environmental variables, sea surface temperature, surface salinity, and chlorophyll-a most consistently influenced communities' spatial patterns, while bottom temperature and oxygen had the most consistent influence on temporal patterns. Changes in communities' functional composition were more closely related to environmental conditions than taxonomic changes. Our study demonstrates the importance of integrating community-level species traits across multi-decadal scales and across a large region to better capture and understand ecosystem-wide responses and provides a different lens on community dynamics that could be used to support sustainable fisheries management.</p>
Shifts in the composition and distribution of Pacific Arctic larval fish assemblages in response to rapid ecosystem change
<p>The Pacific Arctic marine ecosystem has undergone rapid changes in recent years due to ocean warming, sea ice loss, and increased northward transport of Pacific‐origin waters into the Arctic. These climate‐mediated changes have been linked to range shifts of juvenile and adult subarctic (boreal) and Arctic fish populations, though it is unclear whether distributional changes are also occurring during the early life stages. We analyzed larval fish abundance and distribution data sampled in late summer from 2010 to 2019 in two interconnected Pacific Arctic ecosystems: the northern Bering Sea and Chukchi Sea, to determine whether recent warming and loss of sea ice have restricted habitat for Arctic species and altered larval fish assemblage composition from Arctic‐ to boreal‐associated taxa. Multivariate analyses revealed the presence of three distinct multi‐species assemblages across all years: (1) a boreal assemblage dominated by yellowfin sole (<em>Limanda aspera</em>), capelin (<em>Mallotus catervarius</em>), and walleye pollock (<em>Gadus chalcogrammus</em>); (2) an Arctic assemblage composed of Arctic cod (<em>Boreogadus saida</em>) and other common Arctic species; and (3) a mixed assemblage composed of the dominant species from the other two assemblages. We found that the wind‐ and current‐driven northward advection of warmer, subarctic waters and the unprecedented low‐ice conditions observed in the northern Bering and Chukchi seas beginning in 2017 and persisting into 2018 and 2019 have precipitated community‐wide shifts, with the boreal larval fish assemblage expanding northward and offshore and the Arctic assemblage retreating poleward. We conclude that Arctic warming is most significantly driving changes in abundance at the leading and trailing edges of the Chukchi Sea larval fish community as boreal species increase in abundance and Arctic species decline. Our analyses document how quickly larval fish assemblages respond to environmental change and reveal that the impacts of Arctic borealization on fish community composition spans multiple life stages over large spatial scales.</p>
High buffering potential of winter wheat composite cross populations to rapidly changing environmental conditions
<p><span>A winter wheat composite cross population (CCP), created in the UK in 2001, has been grown in Germany, Hungary and the UK since 2005 (F<sub>5</sub> generation). In 2008/9 (F<sub>8</sub>), a cycling pattern for the populations was developed between partners to test the effects of rapidly changing environments on agronomic performance. One CCP was grown by eight partners for one year and subsequently sent to the next partner, creating "cycling CCPs" with different histories. In 2013, all eight cycling CCPs and the three non-cycling CCPs (from Germany, Hungary and UK) were included in a two-year experiment in Germany with three line varieties to compare agronomic performance and morphological characteristics. Differing seed weight of the F<sub>13</sub> at sowing affected some agronomic parameters under drought conditions in 2014/15, but not under less stressful conditions in 2013/14. In both experimental years, the CCPs were comparable to the line varieties in terms of agronomic performance, with some CCPs outyielding the varieties under drought conditions of 2015. The results highlight the potential of CCPs to compete with line varieties while the</span> <span>overall similarity of the CCPs based on their origin and cycling history for agronomic traits indicate a high buffering potential under highly variable environmental conditions. </span></p>
Monitoring of neoadjuvant chemotherapy through time domain diffuse optics: Breast tissue composition changes and collagen discriminative potential
<p>This dataset serves as a comprehensive resource containing the raw data, analyses, and various tools utilized to produce the findings that are presented in our paper titled ‘<strong>Monitoring of neoadjuvant chemotherapy through time domain diffuse optics: breast tissue composition changes and collagen discriminative potential</strong>’. </p> <p>The aim of this clinical study is to test broad spectral range (635-1060 nm) time domain diffuse optical spectroscopy to monitor the response of breast cancer patients to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Preliminary results from patients on changes in hemoglobin, water, lipids, collagen concentrations, and scattering parameters due to the therapy are presented. In these initial results, we hypothesize that collagen could be a possible biomarker to distinguish complete and partial responders.</p>
Changes in Phytochemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity in Nine sh2 Sweet Corn Genotypes during Maturation
<p>Table S1. Mean values ± SD of four biological replicates for the five evaluated traits across nine <em>sh2 </em>sweetcorn hybrids and the five maturity stages. Different lowercase letters as well as different uppercase letters indicate a significant difference at P < 0.05.</p>
Temperature as a likely driver shaping global patterns in mineralogical composition in bryozoans: Implications for marine calcifiers under Global Change
<p><span>The Southern Ocean is showing one of the most rapid responses to human-induced global change, thus acting as a sentinel of the effects on marine species and ecosystems. Ocean warming and acidification are already impacting benthic species with carbonate skeletons, but the magnitude of these changes to species and ecosystems remains largely unknown. Here we provide the largest carbonate mineralogical dataset to date for Southern Ocean bryozoans, which are diverse, abundant and important as carbonate producers, thus making them excellent for monitoring the effects of ocean warming and acidification. </span><span>To</span><span> improve our </span><span>understanding of how bryozoans might respond to ocean warming and acidification,</span><span> we assess latitudinal and seafloor temperature patterns of skeletal mineralogy using bryozoan species occurrences together with temperature data for the first time. Our findings, combining new mineralogical data with published data from warmer regions, show that the proportions of high-Mg calcite and bimineralic species increase significantly towards lower latitudes and with increasing seawater temperature. These patterns are consistent with the hypothesis that seawater temperature is likely a significant driver of variations in bryozoan mineralogy at a global scale.</span></p>
Major and trace element composition of IODP Site U1429 and Yellow River sediments and simulated rainfall changes in East-Southeast Asia during past 300 ka
<p>This dataset includes major and trace element composition of IODP Site U1429 and Yellow River surface sediments. They are all analyzed based on the clay-sized fractions. It also includes the data of simulated rainfall changes in the northern and southern China, as well as in Southeast Asia during past 300 ka.</p>
Data from: Initial ecological change in plant and arthropod community composition after wildfires in designated areas of upland peatland
<p>This dataset is published in conjunction with the publication of : Kelly, R., Montgomery, W. I., & Reid, N. (2022) Initial ecological change in plant and arthropod community composition after wildfires in designated areas of upland peatland. <em>Ecology and Evolution, </em>and contains the environmental, botanical and entomological datasets underpinning the analysis contained there in. Additionally, it contains datasets on seedbanks and bird species which were collected as part of the Northern Ireland Environment Agency funded project 'Quantifying the impact of wildfires in the Northern Ireland' from 2012 to 2015 (see: <a href="https://www.daera-ni.gov.uk/publications/quantifying-impact-wildfires-northern-ireland-final-report-2016">https://www.daera-ni.gov.uk/publications/quantifying-impact-wildfires-northern-ireland-final-report-2016</a>)</p> <p>This data underpins the following publications which discuss the impacts of wildfires at these key upland sites in Northern Ireland: </p> <ul> <li>Kelly, R., Boston, E., Montgomery, W. I., & Reid, N. (2016). The role of the seed bank in recovery of temperate heath and blanket bog following wildfires. Applied Vegetation Science, 19(4), 620-633. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/avsc.12242">https://doi.org/10.1111/avsc.12242</a> </li> <li>Kelly, R., Montgomery, W. I., & Reid, N. (2018). Differences in soil chemistry remain following wildfires on temperate heath and blanket bog sites of conservation concern. Geoderma, 315, 20-26. - <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2017.11.016" rel="noreferrer noopener" title="Persistent link using digital object identifier">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2017.11.016</a> </li> <li>Reid, N., Kelly, R. & Montgomery, W.I. (2022) Impact of wildfires on ecosystems and bird communities on designated areas of blanket bog and heath. Bird Study (In press)</li> <li>Kelly, R., Montgomery, W. I., & Reid, N. (2022) Initial ecological change in plant and arthropod community composition after wildfires in designated areas of upland peatland. Ecology and Evolution. (In press)</li> </ul> <p>Data were collected and collated by Ruth Kelly (ruth.kelly@afbini.gov.uk/ruthkelly123@gmail.com) in collaboration with Dr. Neil Reid, Dr. Emma Boston, Prof. W.I. Montgomery (Queen's University Belfast) and Dr. Damian Mc Ferran (National Museums of Northern Ireland). We are also very grateful to Roy Anderson, Orla McLaughlin, Anna Hart, Rachel Hamill, Adam Mantell, Tony Smith, Joanne Denyer and Richard Weyl for their expertise and assistance in species identification, and to Gillian Riddell, Caroline Finlay, Florentine Spaans, Jeremy Adelard, Marion Chapalain, Alice McPherson, Claire McVeigh, Amber Woods and Rachel Hamill for assistance and expertise in the laboratory and field. </p>
FIG. 2 in Changes in functional and taxonomic diversity and composition of corticolous lichens in an altitudinal gradient in Colombia
FIG. 2. — Continuation.
Data from: The interacting influences of competition, composition, and diversity determine successional community change
<p>Community change is one of the few constants in nature, and the balance of mechanisms influencing this change is central to understanding the structure and functioning of communities and ecosystems. Newly established communities undergo succession and can change in diversity and composition as local environmental change, interspecific interactions, and immigration play out over time. Understanding the influence of initial conditions and priority effects (long-term consequences of the initial community composition and species identity) on community change is critically important for both evaluating ecological theory and predicting restoration outcomes. </p> <p>Here I evaluate how initial experimental conditions in 2012, such as initial sown species richness, phylogenetic diversity, and early biomass production, along with priority effects caused by the identity of sown species, influence subsequent plant community composition and the number of colonizing species after nine years of uninterrupted natural colonization. </p> <p>I found that sown phylogenetic diversity (measured as mean pairwise distance) indirectly affected the number of colonizing species by increasing biomass production early on and plots with more biomass in 2012 were colonized by fewer species. Individual species influenced the number of colonizing species with taller species reducing the number of colonists and some shorter species increasing the number of colonists. </p> <p><em><strong>Synthesis</strong></em>: Taken together, these results indicate that initial composition influences the number of colonizing species via community-wide competition. These findings suggest that restoration outcomes can be greatly influenced by decisions about sown species composition and early management practices.</p>
Data for: A size-based perspective on the decoupling between compositional and functional changes in planktonic communities
<p><span>Recent studies have shown a decoupling in the way community composition and functions respond to environmental changes</span><span>. A common pattern observed is that aggregated functions at the community level are more stable than community composition, which is likely the result of functional compensatory dynamics driven by interspecific differences in response to environmental change. However, the mechanisms by which these patterns emerge remain largely unexplored. Here, we investigated in a mesocosm experiment for four weeks the compositional and functional responses of edible phytoplankton (<64µm) and cladoceran zooplankton communities to climate warming (</span><span>a constant increase of +3.5°C plus heat wave</span><span>) and eutrophication (nutrient additions) from a size-based perspective. Our results show that warming increases small-sized taxa and decreases large-sized taxa within both phytoplankton and zooplankton community composition. We found that such opposite responses of different-sized taxa contributed to the stability of planktonic community functions and thereby resulted in a decoupling between compositional and functional changes. We also found that nutrient additions increased the abundance of all-sized algal taxa, while phytoplankton community function remained stable. Nutrient additions did not alter the zooplankton community, neither compositionally nor functionally. Under the combined stress of warming and nutrient additions, the compositional and functional responses of planktonic communities were mainly driven by warming. In a broader perspective, our findings reveal a size-dependent compensation mechanism and suggest that functional stability relies on compensatory effects among different-sized taxa, and it is therefore important that communities host a large range of taxa differing in size to withstand an increasingly more variable environment in the future.</span></p>
Dataset of Numerical prediction of changes in atmospheric chemical compositions during a solar energetic particle event on Mars
<p>This dataset contains the input parameters and the simulated results used for figures in the paper "Numerical prediction of changes in atmospheric chemical compositions during a solar energetic particle event on Mars" by Y. Nakamura, F. Leblanc, N. Terada, S. Hiruba, I. Murata, H. Nakagawa, S. Sakai, S. Aoki, A. Piccialli, Y. Willame, L. Neary, A. C. Vandaele, K. Murase, and R. Kataoka.</p> <p>Detailed informations about the data files can be found in "README.txt".</p>
Wearable Bioimpedance Analyzer for Tracking Body Composition Changes
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05986617. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 13.
Body Composition Changes With Albuterol and Caffeine Versus Placebo in Adolescents
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02740660. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 3.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.