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137 results for “cyclostomes”
Data from: Early Cretaceous cyclostome bryozoans from the early to middle Albian of the Glen Rose and Walnut formations of Texas, USA
The Glen Rose and Walnut formations of southcentral and northcentral Texas comprise shallow-water carbonates deposited during the late Aptian to middle Albian on a carbonate platform. The formations are famous for their rich fossil faunas. Although bryozoans are absent in late Aptian sediments, they are frequently found encrusting bivalve shells from the early to middle Albian parts of these formations. Here, we describe the cyclostome bryozoan fauna, which includes six species; Stomatopora sp., Oncousoecia khirar n. sp., Reptomultisparsa mclemoreae n. sp., Hyporosopora keera n. sp., Mesonopora bernardwalteri n. sp. and ?Unicavea sp. Most cyclostomes are found encrusting rudist shells from Unit 2 of the Lower Member of the Glen Rose Formation and units 3 and 6 of the Upper Member of the Glen Rose Formation.
FIGURES 1–3. 1 in Andesipolis, a puzzling new genus of cyclostome Braconidae (Hymenoptera) from the Chilean Andes, with descriptions of three new species
FIGURES 1–3. 1: Andesipolis masoni Whitfield and Choi, n. sp., fore wing. 2: A. whartoni Whitfield and Choi, n. sp., fore and hind wing. 3: A. framea Whitfield and Choi, n. sp., fore wing. Unusual anal vein indicated by arrow.
FIGURES 20–25. A. framea, n in Andesipolis, a puzzling new genus of cyclostome Braconidae (Hymenoptera) from the Chilean Andes, with descriptions of three new species
FIGURES 20–25. A. framea, n. sp. 20: mesosoma, lateral view, with epicnemial carina indicated by arrow. 21: propodeum and anterior metasomal tergites, nearly dorsal view, with areolar "crossbridge" indicated by arrow. 22: metasoma and ovipositor mechanism, lateral view, with straight ovipositor highlighted by arrow. 23: Head, posterolateral view, showing occipital carina meeting mandibular socket without meeting any obvious hypostomal carina. 24: closeup of ovipositor tip. 25: even closerup of ovipositor tip.
FIGURES 4–9. A. masoni, n in Andesipolis, a puzzling new genus of cyclostome Braconidae (Hymenoptera) from the Chilean Andes, with descriptions of three new species
FIGURES 4–9. A. masoni, n. sp. 4: third antennal segment, dorsal view. 5: mesosoma, lateral view, with epicnemial carina indicated by arrow. 6: mesoscutum through metanotum, dorsal view, with mesonotal midpit and sutoscutellar scrobe indicated by arrows. 7: propodeum and anterior metasomal tergites, dorsal view, with obsolescent anterior portions of propodeal areola indicated by arrows. 8: hind tarsal claw, simple type indicated by arrow. 9: metasoma and ovipositor mechanism, lateral view, with straight ovipositor highlighted by arrow.
FIGURES 14–19. A. whartoni, n in Andesipolis, a puzzling new genus of cyclostome Braconidae (Hymenoptera) from the Chilean Andes, with descriptions of three new species
FIGURES 14–19. A. whartoni, n. sp. 14: mesoscutum through metanotum, dorsal view, with mesonotal midpit and sutoscutellar scrobe indicated by arrows. 15: propodeum and anterior metasomal tergites, dorsal view, with obsolescent anterior portions of propodeal areola and dorsal carina of first metasomal tergite indicated by arrows. 16: mesosoma, lateral view, with epicnemial carina indicated by arrow. 17: metasoma and ovipositor mechanism, lateral view, with upturned ovipositor highlighted by arrow. 18: head, anterior view, with strong malar suture indicated by arrow. 19: hind tarsal claw, with prominent basal lobe indicated by arrow.
FIGURES 10–13. A in Andesipolis, a puzzling new genus of cyclostome Braconidae (Hymenoptera) from the Chilean Andes, with descriptions of three new species
FIGURES 10–13. A. sp., male. 10: genitalia capsule, ventral view. 11: metasoma, dorsal view, with distinct dorsope and dorsal carinae indicated by arrow. 12: head, posterior view, complete occipital carinae indicated by arrow. 13: mesosoma through propodeum, dorsal view, with mesonotal midpit, sutoscutellar scrobe and pentagonal propodeal areola indicated by arrows.
FIGURE 4. Tennysonia stellata Busk, 1867, colony morphotypes with A in Phylogenetic position and systematics of the bryozoan Tennysonia: further evidence for convergence and plasticity in skeletal morphology among cyclostome bryozoans
FIGURE 4. Tennysonia stellata Busk, 1867, colony morphotypes with A, narrow branches, (SAM A28765) and B, broad branches (SAM A28766). RIY Bank, Port Elizabeth. Scale bars 10 mm.
FIGURE 1. Tennysonia stellata Busk, 1867 in Phylogenetic position and systematics of the bryozoan Tennysonia: further evidence for convergence and plasticity in skeletal morphology among cyclostome bryozoans
FIGURE 1. Tennysonia stellata Busk, 1867, photographs of fragments of bleached colonies. A, colony with relatively narrow, bifurcating and anastomosing branches, NHMUK 72.8.6.5, Natal; B, fragment of specimen figured by Busk (1875, pl. 31, fig. 6), NHMUK 75.5.29.63, Natal; C, flabellate colony morphotype with delayed separation of bifurcating branches, NHMUK 2003.10.27.13, Groot Bank, Plettenberg Bay. Scale bars: A, C: 5 mm; B: 1 mm.
FIGURE 3. Tennysonia stellata Busk, 1867, scanning electron micrographs showing skeletal morphology. A–C, SAM A28766 in Phylogenetic position and systematics of the bryozoan Tennysonia: further evidence for convergence and plasticity in skeletal morphology among cyclostome bryozoans
FIGURE 3. Tennysonia stellata Busk, 1867, scanning electron micrographs showing skeletal morphology. A–C, SAM A28766, RIY Bank, Port Elizabeth. A, transverse series of autozooidal apertures separated by smaller kenozooidal apertures on left frontolateral branch surface with exterior wall of branch dorsal surface visible in lower left; B, detail of apertures showing spines; C, spine developed at triple junction between three interzooidal walls which have an ultrastructural fabric of transverse fibres (right). D, E, SAM A28765, RIY Bank, Port Elizabeth. D, transition from free-walled (left) to fixed-walled organization (right); E, enlargement showing sheet-like exterior wall (arrowed) covering kenozooidal apertures. F, NHMUK 2003.10.27.7, Groot Bank, Plettenberg Bay, rows of autozooidal apertures separated by exterior wall calcification in fixed-walled branch. G, H, NHMUK 2003.10.27.13, Groot Bank, Plettenberg Bay. G, development of exterior wall calcification, at varying levels relative to vertical interzooidal walls, over kenozooids and most of the autozooids (apart from 5 apertures which remain open); H, lobes of exterior wall calcification extending between autozooidal series. I–L. NHMUK 34.10.20.4, Port Elizabeth. I, apertures closed by exterior wall calcification, one occluded autozooid having a small central dimple; note apertural spines standing up above level of exterior walls (top right); J, gonozooid with broken brood chamber roof; K, lobate brood chamber roof (left) with denser pseudopores than exterior walls covering kenozooids (lower right); L, detail of pseudopores from brood chamber roof, some partly closed by spines. Scale bars: A, D, G, H: 500 µm; B, E: 100 µm; C, L: 20 µm; F, I, K: 200 µm; J: 1 mm.
FIGURE 2. Tennysonia stellata Busk, 1867 in Phylogenetic position and systematics of the bryozoan Tennysonia: further evidence for convergence and plasticity in skeletal morphology among cyclostome bryozoans
FIGURE 2. Tennysonia stellata Busk, 1867, scanning electron micrographs of distal branches showing variations in skeletal organization. A, branch comprising entirely free-walled zooids, SAM A28766, RIY Banks, Port Elizabeth; B, branch with freewalled organization distally but becoming fixed-walled at level of arrow by development of calcified exterior over the kenozooidal apertures, SAM A28765, RIY Bank, Port Elizabeth; C, branch comprising entirely fixed-walled zooids, NHMUK 2003.10.27.7, Groot Bank, Plettenberg Bay. Scale bars: A, B: 1 mm; C: 500 µm.
FIGURE 5 in Phylogenetic position and systematics of the bryozoan Tennysonia: further evidence for convergence and plasticity in skeletal morphology among cyclostome bryozoans
FIGURE 5. Combined ssrDNA and lsrDNA molecular tree showing the phylogenetic position of Tennysonia stellata (narrow- and broad-branched morphs) within the cyclostome bryozoans. Traditional, morphologically based suborders are given on the right.
Supplementary material 1 from: Jasso-Martínez JM, Brady SG, Kula RR (2023) Phylogenetic affinities of the non-cyclostome subfamilies Amicrocentrinae and Dirrhopinae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) confirmed by ultraconserved element data. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 96: 1017-1030. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.96.111012
Maximum likelihood tree resulting from the 50% complete matrix without collapsed clades and with full names of the terminal taxa
Figure 7 in A new bryozoan genus from the Sea of Okhotsk and the taxonomy and geological history of 'stratocormidial' cyclostome bryozoans
Figure 7. Fossil cyclostome bryozoans with stratocormidial colonies, scanning electron micrographs. (A, B) Cellulipora ornata d'Orbigny, 1849, Cenomanian, Cap de le Hève, Seine Maritime, France; neotype, MNHN R61665; (A) zooids growing radially outwards from the centre of a subcolony; (B) autozooids with porous plates, mostly broken, proximal of the large apertures. (C) Multifascigera campicheana d'Orbigny, 1853, Cretaceous, Neocomian, Ste Croix, Switzerland; paralectotype, MNHN R61559. (D) Semimulticavea landrioti (Michelin, 1841), Cretaceous. Albian, Grandpré, Ardennes, France; MNHN.F.A24660 (ex d'Orbigny Colln 6029). Scale bars: (A) = 2 mm; (B) = 100 µm; (C, D) = 1 mm.
Figure 8 in A new bryozoan genus from the Sea of Okhotsk and the taxonomy and geological history of 'stratocormidial' cyclostome bryozoans
Figure 8. Drawings of Cretaceous stratocormidial cyclostomes taken from d'Orbigny (1851–1854). (A) Reptomulticava pyriformis d'Orbigny, 1854 (pl. 792, figs 4 and 5) showing egg-shaped colony and details of concentric subcolonies (cf. Figure 6(K) herein). (B) Semimulticavea landrioti (Michelin, 1841) (d'Orbigny 1841, pl. 648, figs 5 and 7), which differs from the colony given the same name and shown here in Figure 7(D).
Figure 5 in A new bryozoan genus from the Sea of Okhotsk and the taxonomy and geological history of 'stratocormidial' cyclostome bryozoans
Figure 5. Kamchatkapora ozhgibesovi gen. et sp. n., scanning electron micrographs of gonozooids in bleached fragments of paratype NHMUK 2017.17.11.4. (A) Oblique view of gonozooid with broken roof. (B) Collapsed ooeciopore. (C) Sutured calcification and pseudopores in gonozooid roof. (D) Islands of autozooids penetrating gonozooid roof. Scale bars: (A, D) = 500 µm; (B) = 100 µm; (C) = 50 µm.
Figure 1 in A new bryozoan genus from the Sea of Okhotsk and the taxonomy and geological history of 'stratocormidial' cyclostome bryozoans
Figure 1. Maps showing the location of the Sea of Okhotsk and the position of Station 190 west of the Kamchatka Peninsula where Kamchatkapora ozhgibesovi gen. et sp. n. was collected. Drawn by Aleksey Rybin.
Figure 4 in A new bryozoan genus from the Sea of Okhotsk and the taxonomy and geological history of 'stratocormidial' cyclostome bryozoans
Figure 4. Kamchatkapora ozhgibesovi gen. et sp. n., scanning electron micrographs. Bleached fragments of holotype NHMUK 2017.7.11.2 (A–D, F), and paratype NHMUK 2017.17.11.4 (E) specimens. (A) Raised clusters of autozooids. (B) Radially arranged clusters of autozooids. (C) Low spines at the corners of an autozooidal aperture. (D) Surface of an interior wall showing distally imbricated crystallites and a couple of interzooidal pores. (E) Tall mural spines. (F) Mural spines with spiked heads. Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B = 500 µm; C = 50 µm; D, F = 20 µm; E = 100 µm.
Figure 3 in A new bryozoan genus from the Sea of Okhotsk and the taxonomy and geological history of 'stratocormidial' cyclostome bryozoans
Figure 3. Kamchatkapora ozhgibesovi gen. et sp. n., detail of surface of holotype of NHMUK 2017.7.11.2, showing the monticulate subcolonies in various stages of coalescence. Scale bar: 1 cm.
Figure 2 in A new bryozoan genus from the Sea of Okhotsk and the taxonomy and geological history of 'stratocormidial' cyclostome bryozoans
Figure 2. Kamchatkapora ozhgibesovi gen. et sp. n., broken edges showing layering and surface views showing subcolonies of colony fragments. (A,B) – paratype, NHMUK 2017.7.11.4. (C,D) – holotype, NHMUK 2017.7.11.2. (E,F) paratype, NHMUK 2017.7.11.3. Scale bars: 1 cm.
Figure 6 in A new bryozoan genus from the Sea of Okhotsk and the taxonomy and geological history of 'stratocormidial' cyclostome bryozoans
Figure 6. Fossil cyclostome bryozoans with stratocormidial colonies. (A) Blumenbachium globosum Koenig, 1825, sectioned lectotype colony; NHMUK PI D52755, Pliocene, Coralline Crag Formation, Suffolk, UK. (B) Blumenbachium globosum, colony exterior surface showing ridges bounding subcolonies; NHMUK PI D51069, Pliocene, Coralline Crag Formation, Suffolk, UK. (C) Cellulipora ornata d'Orbigny, 1849, polygonal subcolonies on colony surface; NHMUK PI 25327, Cretaceous, Cenomanian, Le Havre, Seine Maritime, France. (D) Centronea americana Canu and Bassler, 1920, surface of colony; NHMUK PI BZ8914, Eocene, Castle Hayne Limestone Formation, Rocky Point Quarry, Pender County, North Carolina, USA. (E) Centronea americana, Canu and Bassler, 1920, underside of colony showing expanding, exterior-walled subcolonies; NHMUK PI BZ8915, Eocene, Castle Hayne Limestone Formation, Rocky Point Quarry, Pender County, North Carolina, USA. (F) Multifascigera campicheana d'Orbigny, 1853, carrot-shaped colony which evidently grew around a cylindrical substrate; paralectotype, MNHN R615598, Cretaceous, Valanginian, Ste Croix, Switzerland. (G) Semimulticavea marginata (1926), almost spherical colony; NHMUK PI D55117, Cretaceous, Aptian, Faringdon Sponge Gravel, Bowlers Pit, Faringdon, Oxfordshire, UK. (H) Semimulticavea marginata (Canu and Bassler, 1926), broken colony showing layered internal structure; NHMUK PI D55371, Cretaceous, Aptian, Faringdon Sponge Gravel, Little Coxwell Pit, Faringdon, Oxfordshire, UK. (I, J) Multifascigera debenensis Balson and Taylor, 1982; holotype, NHMUK PI D52760, Pliocene, Coralline Crag Formation, Ramsholt Cliff, Suffolk, UK; (I) surface detail of a large colony showing fascicles of autozooids; (J) broken edge of the same colony revealing layered internal structure and columnar fascicles. (K) Reptomulticava pyriformis d'Orbigny, 1854, colony surface showing layers of concentric growth from two subcolonies; syntype, MNHN F.R61575, Cretaceous, Aptian, Ste Croix, Switzerland. Scale bars: (A–J) = 1 cm; (K) = 1 mm.
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