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121 results for “darter”
FIGURE 4 in Characidium chancoense, a new species of South American darter from the Río Cauca drainage, Colombia (Characiformes: Crenuchidae)
FIGURE 4. Medial view of (a.) left premaxilla and (b.) dentary of Characidium chancoense, IMCN 4527, paratype. Scale bar: 0.2 mm.
FIGURE 3 in Characidium chancoense, a new species of South American darter from the Río Cauca drainage, Colombia (Characiformes: Crenuchidae)
FIGURE 3. Distribution map of the Characidium species in the trans-Andean region. Red-white-X circle: type locality of C. chancoense; gray circle: C. santjohanni; red triangle: C. phoxocephalum; blue triangle: C. cf. zebra; white circle: C.cf. boavistae; blue pentagon: C. caucanum; pink circle: C. chancoense. Some symbols corresponds to more than one species record.
Comparative population genetics of the federally endangered Relict Darter, and its sister taxon the Clarks Darter (Teleostei: Percidae)
<p><span>The southeastern United States harbors one of the most diverse temperate freshwater fish faunas of the world. Unfortunately, due to improper land use practices and habitat degradation, many of the species in this region are imperiled and may become extinct without appropriate conservation efforts. This study examined the population dynamics of an endangered endemic darter of southwest Kentucky, the Relict Darter (</span><span>Etheostoma chienense</span><span>) and its sister taxon, the undescribed Clarks Darter (</span><span>Etheostoma </span><span>cf. </span><span>oophylax</span><span>). Mitochondrial sequence data coupled with SNP data were used to infer population structure, gene flow, genetic variation, and effective population sizes of both species. The results from this study, based on 160 individuals from nine localities, indicate that the endangered Relict Darter possesses limited genetic variation based on mitochondrial DNA haplotypes (N=4). In addition, SNP data (6.8k markers) further indicates limited genetic structure (K=1), as well as a low effective population size (143-918), suggesting that the Relict Darter can be managed as a single, panmictic conservation unit. It is suggested that conservation efforts be taken to protect remaining habitats, augment the system with artificial spawning substrates, and, as a last resort (if needed), supplement the natural population with captive reared individuals. </span><span>Ethesotoma </span><span>cf. </span><span>oophylax </span><span>showed some genetic variation among distant sites, but more samples are needed throughout the range in order to fully understand the population dynamics of this species.</span></p>
Data from: Do river drainage boundaries coincide with phylogeographic breaks in the redband darter?
The Redband Darter, Etheostoma luteovinctum, is a benthic headwater fish species found in the Caney Fork and Stones rivers (Cumberland River) and the Duck and Elk rivers (Tennessee River) of central Tennessee. Phylogenetic analyses of 2601 amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) were used to assess the relationships among populations and identified two genetically distinct lineages of Redband Darter. One lineage is comprised of populations in the Duck R., Elk R., Middle Fork Stones R., West Fork Stones R., and Hickory Creek of the Caney Fork River, while the other lineage is confined to the remainder of the known localities in the Cumberland R. drainage. As clades were not restricted to drainage or system boundaries, patterns suggest system and drainage transfers. Additionally, morphological variation was examined among populations using standard meristic data and nuptial male color and pigmentation characteristics. Although some morphological traits varied between the two clades, members were not clearly diagnosable using morphology. Taxonomic recognition is not proposed for the two identified clades; however, each clade should be recognized as an evolutionarily significant unit and regarded as such in future conservation efforts. Furthermore, this study demonstrates the utility of AFLPs to assess genetic variation and phylogenetic relationships for species-level taxonomic or phylogeographic studies.
Data from: Systematics and taxonomy of the Snubnose Darter, Etheostoma simoterum (Cope)
A taxonomic revision of Etheostoma simoterum (Cope) published in 2007 resulted in the recognition of six species, with two species distributed in the Tennessee River system. A newly defined Etheostoma simoterum was restricted to populations in the Holston River above the confluence of the North and South Forks, and the Russell Fork system of the Ohio River drainage. A newly described species, Etheostoma tennesseense Powers & Mayden, included all other populations historically considered Etheostoma simoterum in the Tennessee River system from near the mouth of the Duck River upstream to the Clinch River, including the Holston River below the forks. A subsequent study utilizing molecular phylogenetics and analysis of male nuptial coloration did not support the recognition of Etheostoma tennesseense. Molecular phylogenies resolve both Etheostoma simoterum and Etheostoma tennesseense as paraphyletic. In addition, it was determined that male coloration patterns are not diagnostic for the more restricted and new definition of Etheostoma simoterum. In this study, we examine the systematics of Etheostoma simoterum using meristic traits sampled from more than 1,000 specimens, including Cope's syntype series of Hyostoma simoterum and Powers and Mayden's paratopotype series of Etheostoma tennesseense. Our results show a pattern of clinal variation, where meristic traits are higher in the in the lower Tennessee River system. Comparisons of populations above and below the forks of the Holston River show no differences in meristic traits, but populations sampled from the Watauga River system exhibit scale counts lower than any other population of Etheostoma simoterum. We cannot reject the hypothesis that Etheostoma tennesseense is conspecific with the specimens that comprise the Hyostoma simoterum syntype series. Based on both morphological and molecular species delimitation strategies, we treat Etheostoma tennesseense as a synonym of Etheostoma simoterum.
Data from: A new barcheek darter species from Buck Creek (Cumberland River System), Kentucky (Percidae: Etheostomatinae: Catonotus: Oopareia)
Etheostoma nebra, the Buck Darter, is described as a new species endemic to the Buck Creek system of the Cumberland River drainage in Kentucky, USA. The earliest collection records of Etheostoma nebra date to 1955 and were considered a population of Etheostoma virgatum. Etheostoma nebra is delimited through morphological comparisons with Etheostoma virgatum and phylogenetic analyses using DNA sequences from a mitochondrial gene and five nuclear genes. Etheostoma nebra is distinguished from Etheostoma virgatum by a lower number of total lateral scales, fewer pored lateral scales and modally 13 compared with 12 pectoral fin rays. The two species also differ in patterns of pigmentation and nuptial male coloration. In the molecular phylogenies, Etheostoma nebra is not resolved as the sister species of Etheostoma virgatum. A review of all museum collection records of Etheostoma nebra and extensive field surveys in the Buck Creek system demonstrate a dramatic decline of the species over the past 30 years. Collections made from 1955 to 1981 show that Etheostoma nebra was widespread throughout the Buck Creek system, but the species is currently restricted to a small portion of Flat Lick Creek. Etheostoma nebra is critically imperiled based on its restricted geographic distribution and documented disappearance of populations within the Buck Creek system during the past three decades.
Data from: Hierarchical analysis of genetic structure in the habitat-specialist Eastern Sand Darter (Ammocrypta pellucida)
Quantifying spatial genetic structure can reveal the relative influences of contemporary and historic factors underlying localized and regional patterns of genetic diversity and gene flow – important considerations for the development of effective conservation efforts. Using 10 polymorphic microsatellite loci, we characterize genetic variation among populations across the range of the Eastern Sand Darter (Ammocrypta pellucida), a small riverine percid that is highly dependent on sandy substrate microhabitats. We tested for fine scale, regional, and historic patterns of genetic structure. As expected, significant differentiation was detected among rivers within drainages and among drainages. At finer scales, an unexpected lack of within-river genetic structure among fragmented sandy microhabitats suggests that stratified dispersal resulting from unstable sand bar habitat degradation (natural and anthropogenic) may preclude substantial genetic differentiation within rivers. Among-drainage genetic structure indicates that postglacial (14 kya) drainage connectivity continues to influence contemporary genetic structure among Eastern Sand Darter populations in southern Ontario. These results provide an unexpected contrast to other benthic riverine fish in the Great Lakes drainage and suggest that habitat-specific fishes, such as the Eastern Sand Darter, can evolve dispersal strategies that overcome fragmented and temporally unstable habitats.
FIGURE 2 in Taxonomic status of the Guadalupe Darter, Percina apristis (Teleostei: Percidae)
FIGURE 2. Percina apristis (live, unanesthetized), 86.5mm SL male; San Marcos River, near town of San Marcos, Texas, 23 March 2003. UF 128463.
FIGURE 1 in Taxonomic status of the Guadalupe Darter, Percina apristis (Teleostei: Percidae)
FIGURE 1. Ranges of Percina sciera (red) and Percina apristis (yellow) with western Gulf Slope drainages labeled.
FIGURE 3 in Taxonomic status of the Guadalupe Darter, Percina apristis (Teleostei: Percidae)
FIGURE 3. Percina apristis, male (with female), in San Marcos River, near town of San Marcos, Texas, 23 March 2003.
FIGURE 3 in Crystallaria cincotta, a new species of darter (Teleostei: Percidae) from the Elk River of the Ohio River drainage, West Virginia
FIGURE 3. Sheared PC2 by sheared PC3 scatter plot of Crystallaria asprella from the Gulf Slope (open squares), lower Mississippi River (open triangles), middle Mississippi River (open diamonds), upper Mississippi River (open circles), and Wabash River (plus signs), and Crystallaria cincotta from the Cumberland River (solid triangle), Elk River (solid diamonds), Green River (solid circle), and Muskingum River (solid square).
FIGURE 2 in Etheostoma erythrozonum, a new species of darter (Teleostei: Percidae) from the Meramec River drainage, Missouri
FIGURE 2. Distribution of Etheostoma erythrozonum (vertical lines) and E. tetrazonum (horizontal lines) in Missouri. The type locality of E. erythrozonum is identified with a star.
FIGURE 1 in Etheostoma erythrozonum, a new species of darter (Teleostei: Percidae) from the Meramec River drainage, Missouri
FIGURE 1. Etheostoma erythrozonum (A) male 67 mm SL, holotype USNM 391646 and (B) female 64 mm SL, paratype USNM 391647. Huzzah Creek at the Reis Biological Station, 6.2 km upstream from the Route 8 bridge, Crawford County, Missouri, 3 April 2003.
FIG. 5 in Contemporary and Historical Species Relationships Reveal Assembly Mechanism Intricacies among Co-occurring Darters (Percidae: Etheostomatinae)
FIG. 5. Body shape relationships among darter species (PC1 vs. PC2) based on 12 homologous landmarks used in geometric morphometric analyses. The molecular phylogeny is overlaid to illustrate phylogenetic–morphological relationships among species. Gray wireframe warped grids show body shape extremes along PC1 (48.25% of variation) and PC2 (18.85% of variation). All warped grids are magnified 2.5 times in order to better illustrate changes in variation across each axis. Darter line drawings depict E. blennioides (lower left in morphospace) and N. rufilineatus (upper right in morphospace), and each shows the locations of the 12 homologous landmarks included. Phylogenetic niche conservatism of PC1 (determined by Blomberg's K value) can be visualized in the figure.
FIG. 2 in Contemporary and Historical Species Relationships Reveal Assembly Mechanism Intricacies among Co-occurring Darters (Percidae: Etheostomatinae)
FIG. 2. Map of Duck River drainage showing the 15 study sites. Inserted panel depicts an overview of the location of the Duck River drainage in Tennessee, USA.
FIG. 4 in Contemporary and Historical Species Relationships Reveal Assembly Mechanism Intricacies among Co-occurring Darters (Percidae: Etheostomatinae)
FIG. 4. Ultrametric tree including all darter species known to occur in the Duck River drainage (regional species pool). Species present at each site are illustrated as circles, and abundances are represented by size of circles (i.e., circle sizes are sqrt transformed abundances). For reference, the greatest abundance of a species collected from a single site during the study was E. zonale (site nine; n ¼ 43). Different circle shades represent the different species. Sites one through 15 are depicted from upstream to downstream (left to right). Encircled nodes indicate the two main clades in which species were phylogenetically clustered. See Data Accessibility for tree file.
FIG. 3 in Contemporary and Historical Species Relationships Reveal Assembly Mechanism Intricacies among Co-occurring Darters (Percidae: Etheostomatinae)
FIG. 3. Scatterplots depicting relationships between assemblages and degree of clustering or evenness based on the Net Relatedness Index (NRI) and Nearest Taxon Index (NTI) standard effect size metrics (SESmetrics). Positive values indicate phylogenetic clustering and negative values indicate phylogenetic evenness. NRI values are black circles and NTI values are open triangles (*indicate significant phylogenetic structure in assemblages [P 0.05]). (A) Depicts analyses based on species presence/absence within each assemblage, and (B) depicts analyses including weighted abundances, and therefore indicates relationships among individuals within assemblages.
FIG. 1 in Contemporary and Historical Species Relationships Reveal Assembly Mechanism Intricacies among Co-occurring Darters (Percidae: Etheostomatinae)
FIG. 1. Schematic diagram depicting influences of habitat filtering and/or competitive exclusion and the hypothetical data patterns generated by these two mechanisms across three assembly scenarios. Interpretation of data patterns for each scenario is influenced by the presence of niche conservatism (i.e., whether closely related species have retained ecologically important ancestral traits) or by the presence of convergence in habitat use among co-occurring species. Regional species pool phylogenies and the predicted scenario outcomes are encompassed by boxes (A, B, and C). Darter morphology is shown primarily by the darter silhouettes on the tree tips, and secondarily by darter color shade. Therefore, darter morphology is depicted as conserved in all three scenarios. Habitat use for each ''species'' is indicated by the size of the boxes located above each darter depiction in each scenario (e.g., darters with similar sized boxes have similar habitat use). Hypothetical assemblages containing four species each are depicted below each regional species phylogeny, and active assembly mechanisms related to each assemblage outcome (habitat filtering or competitive exclusion) are indicated to the left. Associated phylogenetic (phylo) and habitat use (habitat) patterns are indicated by the terms ''clustering'' or ''evenness'' within each possible outcome.
FIG. 4 in Going with the Flow: Testing the Role of Habitat Isolation among Three Ecologically Divergent Darter Species
FIG. 4. Reduced major axis regression plots from the isolation by distance analysis for (A) Ammocrypta beanii, (B) Etheostoma swaini, and (C) Percina nigrofasciata.
FIG. 3 in Going with the Flow: Testing the Role of Habitat Isolation among Three Ecologically Divergent Darter Species
FIG. 3. Bar plots representing estimated genetic clusters (K) and individual probability estimates of cluster assignment (Q values) from program STRUCTURE for (A) A. beanii at K ¼ 5, (B) E. swaini at K ¼ 2, and (C) P. nigrofasciata at K ¼ 4. The most likely K value was estimated using the ad hoc DK statistic (Evanno et al., 2005).
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Allen Brain Atlas
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