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70 results for “data archaeology”
Data from: Tropical ancient DNA from bulk archaeological fish bone reveals the subsistence practices of a historic coastal community in southwest Madagascar
Taxonomic identification of archaeological fish bones provides important insights into the subsistence practices of ancient coastal peoples. However, it can be difficult to execute robust morphological identification of fish bones from species-rich fossil assemblages, especially from post-cranial material with few distinguishing features. Fragmentation, weathering and burning further impede taxonomic identification, resulting in large numbers of unidentifiable bones from archaeological sites. This limitation can be somewhat mitigated by taking an ancient DNA (aDNA) bulk-bone metabarcoding (BBM) approach to faunal identification, where DNA from non-diagnostic bone fragments is extracted and sequenced in parallel. However, a large proportion of fishing communities (both past and present) live in tropical regions that have sub-optimal conditions for long-term aDNA preservation. To date, the BBM method has never been applied to fish bones before, or to fossils excavated from an exposed context within a tropical climate. Here, we demonstrate that morphologically indistinct bulk fish bone from the tropics can be identified by sequencing aDNA extracted from 100 to 300 ya archaeological midden material in southwest Madagascar. Despite the biases of the approach, we rapidly obtained family, genus, and species-level assemblage information, and used this to describe a subset of the ichthyofauna exploited by an 18th century fishing community. We identified 23 families of fish, including benthic, pelagic, and coral-dwelling fishes, suggesting a reliance on a variety of marine and brackish habitats. When possible, BBM should be used alongside osteological approaches to address the limitations of both; however, this study highlights how genetic methods can nevertheless be a valuable tool for helping resolve faunal assemblages when morphological identification is hindered by taphonomic processes, lack of adequate comparative collections, and time constraints, and can provide a temporal perspective on fish biodiversity in the context of accelerated exploitation of the marine environment.
EDXRF DATA: An archaeological and archaeometric study of Late Punic-Roman Pottery from the Tas-Silġ Sanctuary and the Żejtun Villa, Malta
<p>These datasets comprise Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) raw data collected from Late Punic - Early Roman vessel sherds excavated at the Żejtun Villa and the Tas-Silġ Sanctuary archaeological sites in Malta.</p> <p>These data are used in the following publication:<a href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/libyan-studies/article/an-archaeological-and-archaeometric-study-of-late-punicroman-pottery-from-the-tassilg-sanctuary-and-the-zejtun-villa-malta/632682AEA3492892F2FAA5E2CB3DFD8E"> Richard-Trémeau, E. <em>et al.</em> (2024) ‘An archaeological and archaeometric study of Late Punic–Roman Pottery from the Tas-Silġ Sanctuary and the Żejtun Villa, Malta’, <em>Libyan Studies</em>, pp. 1–21. doi:10.1017/lis.2024.7.</a></p> <p>The data were analysed and processed by Emma Richard-Trémeau, Joseph Grech and Alexandra Humann as part of the 'Compiling Fabric Identity for Pottery from Maltese Sites' (CoFIPoMS) project under the supervision of Dr. Ing. John Charles Betts at the University of Malta.</p> <p>These datasets include readings for both pottery sherds and raw materials (local samples of clay). These datasets are compositional.</p> <p>This Zenodo entry contains:</p> <ul> <li><strong>RAW DATA (Zip file)</strong>: The raw data generated by the EDXRF for all samples analysed, expressed as oxides in %. Four spreadsheets are available: the data for the clays; the data for the pottery; and repeated readings for one sample of clay (QL.B1) and one sample of pottery (Sample 21). </li> <li><strong>ASSESSMENT</strong>: This spreadsheet presents the standard deviation and relative standard deviation for the repeated samples QL.B1 and Sample 21. This allows assessment of the repeatability of the reading for each oxide.</li> <li><strong>TRANSFORMED DATA</strong>: This spreadsheet presents the original dataset, the conversion of the trace elements from oxide (%) to trace (ppm), the normalisation of the data without sodium oxide and the scaling to 100%.</li> <li><strong>FINAL DATASET</strong>: This spreadsheet presents the chosen variables and selected samples normalised and then logged to base 10. </li> </ul> <p>This data was generated using a Bruker S2 Ranger with internal calibration.</p> <p>Additional information can be accessed at: <br>-https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/109715<br>-https://www.um.edu.mt/projects/cofipoms/ <br>or by contacting the first author: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Emma-Richard-Tremeau/research. </p> <p>These datasets are under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International: they can be used and shared as long as they are properly accredited to the authors of this entry.</p>
Data from: Reconstructing Asian faunal introductions to eastern Africa from multi-proxy biomolecular and archaeological datasets
Human-mediated biological exchange has had global social and ecological impacts. In sub-Saharan Africa, several domestic and commensal animals were introduced from Asia in the pre-modern period; however, the timing and nature of these introductions remain contentious. One model supports introduction to the eastern African coast after the mid-first millennium CE, while another posits introduction dating back to 3000 BCE. These distinct scenarios have implications for understanding the emergence of long-distance maritime connectivity, and the ecological and economic impacts of introduced species. Resolution of this longstanding debate requires new efforts, given the lack of well-dated fauna from high-precision excavations, and ambiguous osteomorphological identifications. We analysed faunal remains from 22 eastern African sites spanning a wide geographic and chronological range, and applied biomolecular techniques to confirm identifications of two Asian taxa: domestic chicken (Gallus gallus) and black rat (Rattus rattus). Our approach included ancient DNA (aDNA) analysis aided by BLAST-based bioinformatics, Zooarchaeology by Mass Spectrometry (ZooMS) collagen fingerprinting, and direct AMS (accelerator mass spectrometry) radiocarbon dating. Our results support a late, mid-first millennium CE introduction of these species. We discuss the implications of our findings for models of biological exchange, and emphasize the applicability of our approach to tropical areas with poor bone preservation.
Supporting data for "Magnetic Archaeology of Early-Type Stellar Dynamos"
<p>Supporting data for "Magnetic Archaeology of Early-Type Stellar Dynamos". The `run_grid.sh` script runs a grid of models generated by copying and modifying entries in the `template` folder. The various python scripts provide a way of generating the figures in our manuscript.</p>
Quantitative Methods in Archaeology - Data
<p>Data used in the practical section of Quantitative Methods in Archaeology.</p> <p>These are needed to follow along with the slides: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7534698">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7534698</a></p> <p>Unfortunately, the data I used in the course are assigned a license that requires me to use the same license when sharing, hence the data are in a separate repository from the slides. The data were originally obtained from the <strong>archdata</strong> R package.</p> <p>The data were 'messified' to teach how to clean the data in R.</p> <p><strong>House Pits Missouri.csv</strong> requires manual cleaning.</p> <p><strong>house_pits_cleaned.csv</strong> can be imported directly in R.</p>
Data from: Rapid animal welfare assessment: an archaeological approach
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Data from: Tracing the trans-Pacific evolutionary history of a domesticated seaweed (Gracilaria chilensis) with archaeological and genetic data
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Data from: Tropical ancient DNA from bulk archaeological fish bone reveals the subsistence practices of a historic coastal community in southwest Madagascar
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Data from: A tool for determining duration of mortality events in archaeological assemblages using extant ungulate microwear
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Data from: A late Pleistocene human footprint from the Pilauco archaeological site, Northern Patagonia, Chile
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Data from: Mapping Tasmania's cultural landscapes: using habitat suitability modelling of archaeological sites as a landscape history tool
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Data from: Reconstructing Asian faunal introductions to eastern Africa from multi-proxy biomolecular and archaeological datasets
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Data from: Middle Bronze Age land use practices in the north-western Alpine foreland – A multi-proxy study of colluvial deposits, archaeological features and peat bogs
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Data from: Forgotten Mediterranean calving grounds of gray and North Atlantic right whales: evidence from Roman archaeological records
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Sources and types of errors in digital archaeological data
<p>Sources and types of errors in data collection and compilation, data processing and data usage that result in final global error, adapted and modified from Hunter and Beard 1992</p>
Materials Data Science for Microstructural Characterization of Archaeological Concrete
<ul> <li>Ancient Roman concrete: volcanic ash, lime, seawater, and volcanic rocks; </li> <li> <p>Baiae concrete was constructed about 55 BCE to 115 CE, and samples were obtained by the Roman Maritime Concrete Survey (ROMACONS) [12] drilling program from 2002 to 2006, which has been the most comprehensive study of Roman marine concrete. The field program extracted core samples from eleven locations throughout the Mediterranean;</p> </li> <li> <p>Imaging performed at ALS, LBNL.</p> </li> </ul>
3D Models from Morales, J. I., et al. (2015). "Measuring Retouch Intensity in Lithic Tools: A New Proposal Using 3D Scan Data." Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory 22(2): 543-558.
<p>This document compiles the complete set of 3D models and the measurements used for the experimental work of the paper:</p> <p>Morales, J. I., et al. (2015). "Measuring Retouch Intensity in Lithic Tools: A New Proposal Using 3D Scan Data." Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory 22(2): 543-558.<br> <br> It includes 3D scans from both unmodified and modified flakes (X & Xb). All the flakes produced in this experiment were produced by freehand hard hammer percussion and no specific flaking method was followed. Diferents types of tertiary evaporitic flint described in Soto, M., et al. (2017). "The chert abundance ratio (CAR): a new parameter for interpreting Palaeolithic raw material procurement." J. Archaeol Anthropol Sci. (https://doi.org/10.1007/s12520-017-0516-3) were used.</p> <p> </p>
Data from: Archaeological Central American maize genomes suggest ancient gene flow from South America
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Maize (<i>Zea mays</i> ssp. <i>mays</i>) domestication began in southwestern Mexico ~9,000 calendar years before present (cal. BP) and humans dispersed this important grain to South America by at least 7000 cal. BP as a partial domesticate. South America served as a secondary improvement center where the domestication syndrome became fixed and new lineages emerged in parallel with similar processes in Mesoamerica. Later, Indigenous cultivators carried a second major wave of maize southward from Mesoamerica, but it has been unclear until now whether the deeply divergent maize lineages underwent any subsequent gene flow between these regions. Here we report ancient maize genomes (2,300-1,900 cal. BP) from El Gigante rock-shelter, Honduras, that are closely related to ancient and modern maize from South America. Our findings suggest that the second wave of maize brought into South America hybridized with long-established landraces from the first wave, and that some of the resulting newly admixed lineages were then reintroduced to Central America. Direct radiocarbon dates and cob morphological data from the rock-shelter suggest that more productive maize varieties developed between 4,300 and 2,500 cal. BP. We hypothesize that the influx of maize from South America into Central America may have been an important source of genetic diversity as maize was becoming a staple grain in Central and Mesoamerica.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Data from: The population genomics of archaeological transition in west Iberia: investigation of ancient substructure using imputation and haplotype-based methods
We analyse new genomic data (0.05–2.95x) from 14 ancient individuals from Portugal distributed from the Middle Neolithic (4200–3500 BC) to the Middle Bronze Age (1740–1430 BC) and impute genomewide diploid genotypes in these together with published ancient Eurasians. While discontinuity is evident in the transition to agriculture across the region, sensitive haplotype-based analyses suggest a significant degree of local hunter-gatherer contribution to later Iberian Neolithic populations. A more subtle genetic influx is also apparent in the Bronze Age, detectable from analyses including haplotype sharing with both ancient and modern genomes, D-statistics and Y-chromosome lineages. However, the limited nature of this introgression contrasts with the major Steppe migration turnovers within third Millennium northern Europe and echoes the survival of non-Indo-European language in Iberia. Changes in genomic estimates of individual height across Europe are also associated with these major cultural transitions, and ancestral components continue to correlate with modern differences in stature.
MALDI-TOF MS spectra and sequence data of collagen of modern and archaeological flatfish from European waters
<p>MALDI-TOF MS spectra, LC-MS/MS datafiles, and Mascot MZID files of modern bone collagen of 18 species of Pleuronectiformes as reference spectra that were used to develop peptide biomarkers for ZooMS (Zooarchaeology by Mass Spectrometry). Details on the samples used can be found in the file "Reference spectra information.csv". Further information on the method and results can be found in the manuscript. The file names contain the type of data file and the species name. </p> <p>MALDI-TOF MS of 202 archaeological samples for Zooarchaeology by Mass Spectrometry (ZooMS) from three case study sites from around the North Sea: Barreau Saint-George ferroviaire in northern France, and 16-22 Coppergate and Blue Bridge Lane from York in the United Kingdom. Details on the samples can be found in the supplementary information of the manuscript. Further information on the method can be found in the manuscript. The file names are labeled with the sample ID number and the triplicate number (out of 3).</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.